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Results for “Social Perception”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Patient perceptions and social impact. Preliminary results of the Bristol MRC Study.

One hundred and nine inpatients were compared with 84 day cases by means of specially designed questionnaires presented at set times by staff other than the operating surgeon. The aim was to highlight patient attitudes, expectations and satisfaction with a standard method of endocapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implant under local anaesthetic as either a day case (DC) or an inpatient (IP). The results showed a high patient acceptance of whichever method of management was chosen. Both groups appeared satisfied with their treatment and the final result. The cost of DC and IP treatment was assessed.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1999

Accentuation and sensitization effects in the categorization of multifaceted stimuli.

Categorization affects perceptions in ways that are assumed to underlie social stereotypes. Research on categorization, however, has focused either on very simple stimuli or on judgmental tasks that focus attention only on single dimensions. To more fully understand the role of categorization in social perception, it is important to examine its effects in the case of multifaceted stimuli and holistic judgments. In 3 studies, participants formed an impression of a focal category of multifaceted stimuli either by itself or in the context of another category. They then judged the typicality of exemplars to the focal category. Results showed that categorization in the presence of a context produced both accentuation and sensitization effects: Participants accentuated between-category differences on relevant dimensions, and they were less sensitive to exemplar differences on irrelevant dimensions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Breast cancer: varied perceptions of social support in the illness experience.

Social support has been identified as an important factor in cancer. However, the stigma associated with cancer often leads to avoidance behavior and withdrawal of support. This investigation examines perceived social support in a population of 100 breast cancer patients, and anticipated social support among 100 disease-free individuals. Results demonstrate that healthy individuals report assignment of stigma and avoidance behavior directed towards cancer patients, yet they believe they themselves would have a dense network of support to call upon if stricken with cancer. Patients report nonmaterialization of expected support networks, and decreased adjustment due to this subjective experience. In addition, patients assert that the support extended to them is often inappropriate in nature, due to the mistaken assumption on the part of healthy individuals that the most salient concern of a mastectomized woman is the loss of her breast, rather than the fact that she has cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Evidence of a developmental cerebello-cerebral disorder.

The objective of this study was to examine the cognitive and neuroanatomical features of an adolescent with developmental hypoplastic left cerebellum who presented with executive and visuo-spatial deficits, nonverbal learning disabilities and interpersonal difficulties. He underwent a neuropsychological assessment, MRI and diffusion tensor imaging MRI. The neuropsychological impairments were primarily in executive functions, spatial and visual perception, graphomotor skills, arithmetic, social perception and comprehension. Fractional anisotropy, which is measured by diffusion tensor imaging and enables assessment of axonal integrity, was reduced in the right cerebral peduncle and right hemisphere white matter (p < 0.001). Based on the results, we hypothesize that disruption of neural circuits linking the hypoplastic left cerebellum to the right hemisphere may contribute to the evolution of a neurocognitive syndrome with characteristics of the developmental right hemisphere syndrome and suggestive of the cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Visual perception and social foraging in birds.

Birds gather information about their environment mainly through vision by scanning their surroundings. Many prevalent models of social foraging assume that foraging and scanning are mutually exclusive. Although this assumption is valid for birds with narrow visual fields, these models have also been applied to species with wide fields. In fact, available models do not make precise predictions for birds with large visual fields, in which the head-up, head-down dichotomy is not accurate and, moreover, do not consider the effects of detection distance and limited attention. Studies of how different types of visual information are acquired as a function of body posture and of how information flows within flocks offer new insights into the costs and benefits of living in groups.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Victims' perceptions of social support: what is helpful from whom?

Although research has demonstrated that social interactions influence psychological well-being, little is known about what specific actions victims of stressful life events experience as helpful or unhelpful. Wortman and Dunkel-Schetter (1979) previously suggested that victims frequently experience rejection, withdrawal, and communication problems with those close to them. To address these issues, 55 cancer patients were interviewed concerning the specific actions they found to be helpful or unhelpful from several potential support providers: spouse, other family members, friends, acquaintances, others with cancer, physicians, and nurses. The data indicated that the Wortman and Dunkel-Schetter victimization model applied better to interactions with friends and acquaintances than to interactions with close family members. In addition, support was found to be partially dependent on the source: Particular actions were perceived to be helpful from some but not other network members. Implications for theory and research on social support are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Relationship-specific and global perceptions of social support: associations with well-being and attachment.

Is one's global sense of social support largely a summation of the support perceived to exist within current social relationships, or is it a trait-like construct independent of current support levels? To address this issue, 183 college students completed measures of global support, support from four different social domains, attachment style, and several measures of well-being. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that for two well-being measures (global and social loneliness), both global and domain support displayed significant unique associations; for emotional loneliness, only domain support had a significant unique influence. For the well-being measure reflecting generalized negative affect, only global support displayed such a unique association. Thus, global and domain support appear to be, to a considerable degree, independent constructs, each with its own sphere of influence in affecting well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Psychosis proneness, coping, and perceptions of social support.

The current study examined coping styles and perceived levels of social support in hypothetically psychosis-prone individuals. Results suggest that psychosis-prone individuals did not differ from a comparison group on levels of adaptive coping or positive social support but that they did endorse higher rates of nonadaptive coping and negative social support compared with the comparison group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Perceptions about social work and mental retardation.

This article discusses a research project undertaken to develop a quantitative instrument for assessing the level of societal concern for mentally retarded persons. The responses from parents and professional workers disclosed several value judgments of interest to social workers relating to counseling and other social services, the provision of financial assistance, and the role of social workers in providing habilitative and supportive services.

Attitude↗
PubMed1990

The perception of social problems by husbands and wives in the community.

The Social Problem Questionnaire (SPQ) was completed by 132 Italian married couples who were part of a stratified community sample of 207 families. Agreement between husbands and wives on problems in housing, finance, marriage, family and social relationships was assessed by product moment correlation coefficients, weighted kappas, specific agreement indices and three way analysis of variance. The results showed that couples agreed well on the absence but not on the presence of social problems. Although husbands' and wives' ratings on the severity of problems correlated significantly, wives consistently tended to give higher ratings than their husbands. The implications of these results for social research and community surveys are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The "golden section" and bias in perceptions of social consensus.

Meta-analytic examination of I28 false consensus effect issues supports the hypothesis that the "Golden Section" (61.8% group size) approximates the level of actual consensus that separates overestimation of consensus (group size < 61.8%) from underestimation (group size > 61.8%). Overestimation of the actual percentage of others who endorse one's own view increases as actual consensus decreases from 61.8%, and underestimation increases as it exceeds 61.8%. The form of the response (viz, a yes or no answer to a question) moderates this conclusion. The Golden Section holds for majorities and minorities defined by agreement with an issue. For majority and minority groups defined by disagreement, the inflection point is higher. Contrary to Mullen and Hu (1988), for agreeing majorities, the slope for consensus underestimation as a function of increased majority size does not differ from that of minority overestimation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Gay men with AIDS: perceptions of social support and adaptational outcome.

Using a multivariate design, this study examined social support as a mediating variable between the stressor of AIDS and adaptational outcome in a culturally and socioeconomically diverse sample of 60 urban gay men with AIDS. Whereas earlier studies have suggested that social support for gay men with AIDS is often lacking or ineffective, findings in this study indicated that family of origin and friends may provide more support to gay men with AIDS than has been generally recognized. Both family of origin and friend support were strongly correlated with positive outcomes, indicating that social support was not only forthcoming but was also effective. The relationship between family of origin support and positive outcomes was particularly strong.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Perception of social support and blood pressure in young men.

This study investigated the association between perceived social support, blood pressure, and heart rate during rest and stress. 29 men were selected from 184 students on the basis of having high and low perceived social support. During rest and two of the laboratory stressors, the low-support group had higher diastolic pressure than the high-support group. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate did not differ between the two groups during either rest or stress. The low-support group was slightly older (24.8 yr.) than the high-support group (22.4 yr.), but the groups did not differ with respect to parental history of hypertension, body mass index, smoking, anxiety, anger inhibition, or environmental stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Caring for caregivers: perceptions of social support.

1. Social support is a recognized and crucial need for caregivers of people with severe mental illness. 2. Family caregivers value support from professionals based on an acknowledgment and respect for the caregiver's role in the patient's life. 3. Relatives and friends can provide important but limited tangible aid and emotional support.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Subjective perception of social support in the population].

The ISEL scale (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List) has been developed to assess social support. Despite good reliability and validity of the original scale the German version has been rately applied. Thus, perceived social support as measured by the ISEL scale was studied in a general population sample of Tyrol/Austria (n = 216). The reliability of the German ISEL version is as high as the original version. Our results showed that sociodemographic variables significantly influence scale scores: Males and rural subjects indicated more tangible support than females and urban subjects, respectively. Elder people (50-70 years) reported the lowest scale scores, except in tangible support. With the exception of tangible support, significant socioeconomic status differences were found in all dimensions of social support. However, the middle classes showed less social support than upper and lower class subjects. Income only increased tangible support, as higher educational degrees did with self-esteem support. Marital status showed no influence on scale scores, whereas unemployment decreased tangible and belonging support. Our results can be used as preliminary German language norm data for evaluating social support in epidemiological and clinical studies.

Adolescent↗