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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Lung nematodes of chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica, from the Tatra National Park, Slovakia.

A larvoscopic examination of faeces collected from localities inhibited by chamois in the Tatra National Park (TANAP) in 1997 demonstrated the presence of the lung nematodes Muellerius spp. (likely to be M. tenuispiculatus and M. capillaris) and Neostrongylus linearis. The overall prevalence of lung nematodes in chamois herds in TANAP was 48.4% with prevalences of 45.6% and 11.9% for Muellerius spp. and N. linearis, respectively. No significant differences in lung nematode prevalences were observed in the biotopes of TANAP with prevalence values of 44.9% being recorded in the High Tatras and 58.5% in the Belianske Tatras. Individual species were in equal proportion in both biotopes, although N. linearis was significantly less prevalent (11.2-13.8%). The prevalence of lung nematodes in the High Tatras varied from 25.0 to 84.2% within individual localities, while in the Belianske Tatras it was more proportionate (50.0-85.7%). In the High Tatras, the prevalence of lung nematodes in the chamois herds peaked during August, declining to its lowest in October. A similar prevalence was also recorded for Muellerius species, while the minimum prevalence of N. linearis was found in July. In the Belianske Tatras, the prevalence of lung nematodes including both species of Muellerius peaked in July and gradually decreased until October. On the other hand, N. linearis was most prevalent in October. The mean L1 count per gram faeces was low (7.6 +/- 13.2 larvae g-1).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Detection and diagnosis of hereditary monogenic neurologic diseases in Slovakia].

Authors present a clinical symptoms recapitulation of the most important monogenic hereditary neuromuscular diseases, their molecular-genetic causes and the possibilities of diagnostic on the level of DNA analysis. Low detectability of these pathologic states in Slovak republic is stressed and possible causes of this state are analyzed. (Ref. 10.)

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Higher anti-hepatitis B response with combined DTPw-HBV vaccine compared with separate administration in healthy infants at 3, 4 and 5 months of age in Slovakia.

To help achieve universal infant immunisation against hepatitis B, the World Health Organisation has recommended the development of a combined diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) and hepatitis B vaccine (HBV). The advantages come from the fact that DTP coverage is estimated to be over 80% worldwide and a combined DTP-HB vaccine would increase the coverage of HBV. This study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined DTP-HB vaccine with separate, concomitant administration of DTP and HBV vaccines. One hundred and twenty infants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two vaccination regimens, given as three injections at approximately 3, 4 and 5 months of age. The only difference in immunogenicity between the two regimens was a higher antibody response to hepatitis B in the group given the combined vaccine, possibly as a result of the adjuvant effect of the whole cell pertussis component of the DTP vaccine. Both vaccine regimens were well tolerated.

Diphtheria Antitoxin↗
PubMed2001

Pilot study of risk behaviour, voluntary HIV counselling and HIV antibody testing from saliva among inmates of prisons in Slovakia.

OBJECTIVE: To implement a pilot study of risk behaviour and HIV infection using HIV antibody testing from saliva to improve the situation as regards HIV/AIDS infection in prison institutions in the Slovak Republic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised adult and juvenile males of grade one correction categories and prisoners from the prison for juveniles in Martin, as well as females prisoners in Nitra. Preventive activities were implemented in May 1998 in the form of discussions concerning topics related to HIV/AIDS infection. Saliva was collected for the presence of HIV antibodies and a questionnaire regarding sexual practice was completed. RESULTS: 32 persons [8 adult males (25%), 6 juvenile males (18.7%) and 18 females (56%)] were voluntarily tested for the presence of HIV antibodies in saliva. Nobody was HIV-positive. 75 persons (20 adult males, 30 juvenile males and 25 females) were involved in the study of risk behaviour. 40.8% participants had primary education, 28.2% secondary education, 2.8% were students of universities and 28.2% were apprenticies. 60% inmates (mostly females) were religious. Juvenile males reported the highest number of partners while females the smallest (p < 0.001). The more partners were reported by respondents, the lower was condom usage (p < 0.07). 47.6% females relied on credibility of partners, while 75% adult males and 50% adolescent males did not use protection. 0% females, 5% adult males and 10.3% juvenile males reported to have homosexual contacts outside prison while 19%, 5.6% and 8.3% in the prison, respectively. Paid sexual services were offered by 9.1% females, 15.8% adult males and 25% juvenile males. Outside prison adult and juvenile males used non-sterile used syringes as well as tattooing more often than females (p < 0.07 and p < 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study provides information on the results of HIV-antibody testing in saliva. The results are based on a study of risk behaviour and difficulties linked with HIV/AIDS prevention among prisoners.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Undergraduate medical education in Slovakia--present state and future needs.

There is a lot of problems related to undergraduate medical education (UME) at Slovak medical schools, e.g. low level co-ordination and integration of curriculum, isolation of teaching subjects, amateurish teaching methods, low level of management, which result in low level of effectivity, late and insufficient reactions to the needs of medical practice. There is urgent need for complex reform of UME if we like to be able to complete with high quality medical schools in Europe. The reform should be focused to the content of curriculum--to integrate preventive and acute medicine into the UME, to improve training of medical students for service in primary health care, to start with renaissance of humanistic education of medical students, to improve research training and teaching of medical informatics. For improving organisation of UME it is necessary to prepare modern profile of graduates from medical school, and from the profile to derive co-ordinated and integrated system of UME. The teachers at medical school should be professionals not only in medical specialization, but in pedagogy, psychology and management, too. Passive forms of education (e.g. lectures) should be partly substituted by active methods, e.g. problem--based learning. More attention should be devoted to elaboration of criteria for evaluation quality of teaching process. The reform of UME have to be done if we like to have a chance to be as good as the best medical schools in Europe. I believe, we want it all! (Ref. 31.)

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed2001

Dermatoglyphic analysis of Habans (Hutterites) from Slovakia.

Dermatoglyphic traits have been used to assess population structure and affinities of the 91 Habans (Hutterites) and 162 Non-Haban Slovaks. In addition a comparison has been made with other Slovak population samples. Biological distances between individual populations were assessed by means of the Hiernaux distance coefficient. The results show a clear separation of the Habans from the Non-Habans in the same villages as well as from the other Slovak groups. Dermatoglyphic analysis is regarded as noncompatible with the interpretation of the genetic structure.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed2002

Serological response of cattle to Chlamydophila abortus in Slovakia in 1996-2000.

In the Slovak Republic, in 1966-2000, 37,275 blood sera of cattle were investigated for the presence of antibodies against Chlamydophila abortus using the method of complement fixation. The antibody occurrence had following tendency: in 1996--3.72%; 1997--10.02%; 1998--9.15%; 1999--15.99%; 2000--9.51% of the tested sera contained the antibodies. In most cases, antibodies in low titres, 1:32-1:64, were detected. Positive serological reactions at such serum dilutions are not indicative of the clinical disease of cattle; they reflect an immune response of the host organism following contact with the Chlamydophila abortus antigen. The chlamydial antibody titres of 1:256, which were confirmed in 1998-1999, indicate the chlamydial infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in Slovakia].

The authors analyze the incidence of dermatomycoses in the Slovak Republic in 1994-1999. They found an increase of these infections in particular epidermophytoses, trichophytoses and candidoses. From 25,762 examined subjects with suspicion of dermatomycosis they isolated in 1990 till 1999 8,237 cultures of dermatophytes. The most frequent causal agent was Trichophyton rubrum (81.61%). In the conclusion the authors draw attention to the inevitability of introduction of effective preventive measures.

Dermatomycoses↗
PubMed2002

[Drug policy in Slovakia and its reflection in prescriptions. 1. Prescriptions for mass-produced drugs according to physician specialty].

The present paper aims at pharmacoeconomic analysis of prescriptions of physicians according to their specialization. The database was based on medical prescriptions from four pharmacies. Altogether 133,856 prescriptions were evaluated in two periods (the years 1999 and 2000) with different legislative regulations of the conditions for prescription of drugs from the funds of health insurance (fully covered drugs, drugs with participation of the policy holder, prescription and indication limitation). The results show that 1.45 kinds of drugs and 2.28 packages of mass-produced drugs were prescribed per 1 prescription. The average value of drugs per one prescription was 370.28 Slovak crowns. General practitioners prescribed 50.5% of prescriptions, the value of prescribed drugs being 42.0%. As to specialization, the highest share of prescriptions (36.5%) was written by pediatricians, the highest value of drugs as expressed per 1 prescription was prescribed by diabetologists (1340.20 Slovak crowns). When comparing the indices under study in two periods, in the second one (the year 2000) the financially expressed consumption of drugs continued to show an increasing trend (in the case of the value of 1 prescription by 10.6%).

Drug Utilization↗
PubMed2002

[Drug policy in Slovakia and its reflection in prescriptions. 2. Prescriptions of individually prepared drugs based on the medical specialty].

The paper aims to analyze the frequency of medical prescriptions for the group of extemporaneously prepared drugs in relation to the specialization of physicians. The evaluation is based on the database of prescriptions dispensed by four pharmacies within 14.5 months in the years 1999-2000. The total number of prescriptions was 133,857, out of which 5615 (4.2%) were extemporaneous preparations. The share of specialists in the prescription of extemporaneous drugs was 7%, that of general practitioners, 1.4%. Out of the specialists, the largest share in the prescription of extemporaneously prepared drugs belonged to dermatologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and pediatricians. The economic aspect of prescription of the group of extemporaneous drugs was also evaluated. The average value of a medical prescription for an extemporaneously prepared drug was 68.40 SK, which represents 17.8% of the average value of a medical prescription for a mass-produced drug.

Drug Compounding↗