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Results for “Sexual Development”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Estrogen and apoptosis in the developing sexually dimorphic preoptic area in female rats.

Effect of estrogen on apoptotic cell death was studied in the two sexually dimorphic neuronal groups in the developing rat preoptic area (POA): the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the POA (AVPvN-POA); and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the POA (SDN-POA). A specific labelling of nuclear fragmentation was performed by terminal deoxynucleotydyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling method (TUNEL method) to demonstrate apoptosis. In the AVPvN-POA whose size is larger in females than in males, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was not significantly different between day 5 control and female pups sacrificed 10 h after 25 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) injection. However, TUNEL-positive cells showed a significant increase in the female pups sacrificed 24 h after EB injection, compared to that shown in the control female pups. In the SDN-POA whose size is larger in males than in females, EB injection significantly decreased TUNEL-positive cells in the female pups sacrificed 24 h after EB injection, compared to that in controls. These results suggest that estrogen regulates the neuronal number by facilitating apoptotic cell death in the developing AVPvN-POA or by inhibiting it in the developing SDN-POA.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Abnormal sexual development and psychosexual issues.

Animal models of gonadal hormone influences on the sexual differentiation of brain and behaviour are reviewed and discussed as a basis for predicting hormonal influences on human neurobehavioural development. Behavioural outcomes in clinical intersex cases, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, enzymatic deficiencies and situations in which hormones have been prescribed during pregnancy are reviewed. It is concluded that the prenatal or neonatal hormone environment contributes to the development of human behaviours that show sex differences, particularly childhood play behaviour, sexual orientation and core gender identity. There also is some evidence for influences on aggression and cognition. It is also concluded that additional research is needed to determine why some intersex patients assigned and reared as girls are not successful in this identity and role.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1987

Lectin binding and inhibition studies reveal the importance of D-glucose, D-mannose and N-acetylglucosamine during early sexual development of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Fluorescein-conjugated and non-conjugated lectins were used to determine which surface sugars are involved in the early events of sexual (macrocyst) development in Dictyostelium discoideum. Only zygote giant cells showed unique binding of FITC-WGA and FITC-PNA while all cell types (amoebae, gametes, binucleates, giant cells) showed identical patterns of FITC-Con A, -Gorse and -RCA II binding. In spite of its non-selective labelling of all cell types, Con A inhibited macrocyst formation. The temporal addition of Con A with and without specific hapten sugars indicates the importance of both D-mannose and D-glucose in phagocytosis and, possibly, cell fusion. WGA also inhibited macrocyst formation. Varying the time of addition of the lectin plus/minus its primary hapten sugar implicates N-acetylglucosamine as being important in cell fusion. Neither Gorse, RCA II nor PNA had any detectable inhibitory effects on macrocyst development leaving the appearance of increased PNA receptors at the giant cell surface as an enigma.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1990

Cellular events during sexual development from amoeba to plasmodium in the slime mould Physarum polycephalum.

Time-lapse cinematography and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to study cellular events during amoebal fusions and sexual plasmodium development in Physarum polycephalum. Amoebal fusions occurred frequently in mixtures of strains heteroallelic or homoallelic for the mating-type locus matA, but plasmodia developed only in the matA-heteroallelic cultures. These observations confirmed that matA controls development of fusion cells rather than cell fusion. Analysis of cell pedigrees showed that, in both types of culture, amoebae fused at any stage of the cell cycle except mitosis. In matA-heteroallelic fusion cells, nuclear fusion occurred in interphase about 2 h after cell fusion; interphase nuclear fusion did not occur in matA-homoallelic fusion cells. The diploid zygote, formed by nuclear fusion in matA-heteroallelic fusion cells, entered an extended period of cell growth which ended in the formation of a binucleate plasmodium by mitosis without cytokinesis. In contrast, no extension to the cell cycle was observed in matA-homoallelic fusion cells and mitosis was always accompanied by cytokinesis. In matA-homoallelic cultures, many of the binucleate fusion cells split apart without mitosis, regenerating pairs of uninucleate amoebae; in the remaining fusion cells, the nuclei entered mitosis synchronously and spindle fusion sometimes occurred, giving rise to a variety of products. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that matA-heteroallelic fusion cells possessed two amoebal microtubule organizing centres, and that most zygotes possessed only one; amoebal microtubule organization was lost gradually over several cell cycles. In matA-homoallelic cultures, all the cells retained amoebal microtubule organization.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Changes of the circulating leptin levels and sexual development associated index in dietetic obese rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the serum levels of leptin and estradiol, ovary development. METHODS: Dietetic obese model were established in female SD rats. Three groups were used: control group, obesity group (fat-enriched diet) and reducing group (fat-enriched diet for 6 weeks, then replaced by a normal diet), and were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks after the start of the experiment. We measured the serum levels of leptin and estradiol (E2) and observed ovary development by microscope. RESULTS: Mean body weight of obese rats was over 21.4% than that of normal rats in the end of experiment. The serum E2 levels increased with age and they were higher in obese group than that in control group at same time point (but P > 0.05). The serum leptin levels in obese group were obviously higher than that in control and reducing group (P = 0.000), and they showed a positive correlation with body weight and serum E2 levels (r = 0.958 and 0.896, P = 0.010 and 0.039). There were more mature ovarian follicle and luteum in obese group, but development of them were bad than that of control and reducing group groups. CONCLUSION: There were a tendency of ahead sexual maturation in female obese rats. Leptin probably play an important role in obesity and sexual maturation. This support that Leptin causes a female-specific facilitatory effect on GnRH pulse amplitude.

Animals↗