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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Class III malocclusion: a comparison of extraction and non-extraction techniques.

A retrospective cephalometric study was made of the hard tissue changes in a group of 90 Class III, Skeletal III children, diagnosed as suitable for treatment by orthodontic means alone. Thirty-two were treated by a combination of upper incisor proclination and headgear to an intact mandibular dentition (Group 1), while in 28 the overjet was corrected with mid-arch extractions and Edgewise mechanics (Group 2). The remaining 30 children acted as controls (Group 3). Children were initially examined as male and female subgroups, and where no significant differences were seen data were pooled. In order to standardize the results, treatment/observation effects were presented as average changes per year. The three groups were essentially comparable pretreatment. Following overjet correction, the lower incisors uprighted in both groups, with an improved relationship to the A-Po line: the upper incisors were proclined in Group 1 only. Underlying skeletal changes were restricted to the mandible, which showed a downward and backward hinging, and an increase in lower face height. The improved mandibular position was significantly greater in the non-extraction group and was accompanied by an improvement in facial convexity. In addition, treatment could be started earlier and was completed in a significantly shorter time (Table 1). It would, therefore, appear that, in the short term at least, a non-extraction/headgear approach has advantages over a standard mid-arch extraction/Edgewise technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Indication and realization of orthodontic extraction therapy].

In establishing the indication for extraction therapy, careful consideration should be given to the unharmonious relationship of the jaw and teeth, the apical bone, the anlage of the wisdom teeth and hypodontia. Beginning with the narrow, contracted dental arch, where extractions are indicated most frequently, the different groups of anomalies are discussed. The most important rules and the optimal time are dealt with at the end of the present review article.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Long-term followup of orthodontic treatment of a patient with maxillary protrusion, severe deep overbite and thumb-sucking.

Oral habits should be of primary clinical concern to orthodontists because they may cause malocclusion, and/or interfere with treatment progress. Generally habit control should be achieved prior to correction of the malocclusion in an effort to remove any etiological factors in development and maintenance of the malocclusion. It is also important for the clinician to understand that habit-breaking treatment may require an extended treatment time because habits may have been present for long periods of time and may be related to underlying psychological problems. The present report documents the treatment of maxillary protrusion in a patient in which a thumb-sucking habit had persisted from infancy until almost age 12. Elimination of the habit was accomplished prior to correcting the malocclusion and for stability of the result. Orthodontic treatment consisted of extracting two maxillary premolars followed by full treatment with fixed appliances. Long-term postretention records show good stability of the corrected malocclusion.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Periodontal status of teeth facing extraction sites long-term after orthodontic treatment.

The present study was undertaken to examine the long-term periodontal status of teeth orthodontically moved into extraction sites. Patients were examined 14 to 34 years after active orthodontic treatment involving extraction of four first premolars. Three groups were established: one with closed tooth contacts and parallel adjacent teeth, one with closed tooth contacts and tipped adjacent teeth, and one with open contacts between adjacent teeth. Within each group accumulation of plaque, gingival health status, probing pocket depth, and probing attachment level of interproximal tooth surfaces, facing extraction sites and adjacent control sites between canine and lateral incisor were compared. Significantly more probing attachment loss was found in extraction sites with open tooth contacts (P less than 0.01) and with parallel adjacent teeth and closed tooth contacts (P less than 0.05) than in control sites. However, the mean differences were less than 0.5 mm, which may not be considered clinically significant. Tipping of teeth into the extraction sites had no long-term detrimental effect on the probing attachment level. No differences in accumulation of plaque and in gingival health status were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Long-term effects of activator (Andresen appliance) treatment. A clinical, biometric, cephalometric roentgenographic and functional analysis.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the long-term effects of activator treatment on the dental arches and arch relationships, the dento-facial skeleton and the function of the masticatory system. A follow-up study was performed on 112 patients treated 10-20 years previously with activators as the sole orthodontic appliance. In connection with activator treatment extractions of permanent teeth were performed on 66 patients while 46 patients were treated without tooth extractions. The investigation consisted of four separate portions (Parts I-IV).

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1982

Cross-sectional study of orthodontic treatment and missing of permanent teeth in two birth cohorts of Finnish students according to sex.

Undergraduate students (n = 451) at a Finnish university were studied. For analysis, the subjects were divided into two birth cohorts: those born before 1955, and those born in that year or later. Information about previous orthodontic appliance therapy was obtained from the students by using a structured questionnaire. Missing permanent teeth (second and third molars excluded) were recorded at a dental examination. Every 10th student had received orthodontic treatment; the proportion of orthodontically treated subjects was higher for females (14%) than for males (5%). Seven percent of students born in 1954 or earlier and 15% of the younger students had had orthodontic treatment before 1977. In 39% of subjects, at least one permanent tooth was missing while only 12% had lost more than two permanent teeth. The tooth missing most often was the permanent mandibular first molar (in 23% of subjects). Frequency of tooth loss was the same in males and females. At least one permanent tooth was missing in 48% of the older and in 31% of the younger students. At least one first molar had been lost by 36% of the older students and 20% of the younger ones. Fewer first molars but more permanent teeth anterior to the first molars were missing in subjects who had had orthodontic treatment than in subjects who had not had such treatment. Among Finnish students the frequency of extraction of permanent teeth because of caries is decreasing, and the frequency of orthodontic treatment is increasing. Females are more likely to seek orthodontic treatment than males are.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Frequency of tooth extraction in orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontic extraction frequency describes the percentage of an orthodontic patient population experiencing extractions of one or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars. It is a useful statistical measure of the many variables associated with the extraction-nonextraction decision. For a study sample of 537 North American white orthodontic patients, the frequency of tooth extraction was determined as 42.1 percent. This is compared with a range of 6.5 percent to 83.5 percent reported in the world dental literature. Factors responsible for the enormous differences in orthodontic extraction frequency are explored. The study of extraction frequency offers a simple, valuable aid for the clinician to understand better the nature of his patient population, his treatment methods, and his rationalizations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A long-term comparison of nonextraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in "borderline" Class II patients.

The long-term effects of extraction and nonextraction edgewise treatments were compared in 63 patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions who were identified by discriminant analysis as being equally susceptible to the two strategies. A lateral cephalogram, study models, and a self-evaluation of the esthetic impact of treatment were obtained from each of the 33 extraction and 30 nonextraction subjects. The average posttreatment interval was 14.5 years. Although the two strategies produced significant, long-lived differences in the convexity of the profile and the protrusion of the dentition (the nonextraction patients were about 2 mm "fuller"), half of the nonextraction patients and three fourths of the extraction patients ultimately presented with less than 3.5 mm of lower incisor irregularity. The two groups showed an essentially identical pattern of posttreatment relapse/settling that was related more to the differential growth of the jaws than to the posttreatment position and orientation of the denture. Because in the end the various tooth movements tended to cancel one another, excess mandibular growth was also the most important net contributor to the molar and overjet corrections. In the process, both groups showed a marked forward displacement of the mandible, both at the chin and at the condyle. Finally, although it is probable that most of the present sample would today be treated by expansion, the 30 patients who actually received this presumably correct treatment rated their appearance no more highly than did the extraction subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The passive lingual arch in first bicuspid extraction.

The effects of a passive lingual arch on lower incisor and molar positions after extraction of first bicuspids are analyzed. Results indicate that a lingual arch can be effective in maintaining arch length, while still allowing normal changes in incisor, cuspid and second bicuspid positions.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint sounds--a longitudinal study.

Temporomandibular joint sounds are often recognized as a clinical sign of temporomandibular disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the occurrence and resolution of these sounds in patients before and after orthodontic treatment with full fixed appliances. From a pool of 324 patients who came to a university postgraduate orthodontic clinic specifically for treatment of a malocclusion, 160 were examined before and after orthodontic treatment. When joint sounds were either reported or detected clinically, the patients underwent an audiovisual examination to more precisely and objectively record the occurrence and timing of the sound during mandibular opening and closing. No statistically significant difference could be found in the change in occurrence of joint sounds among patients treated with extraction and nonextraction treatment strategies. Overall, fewer patients had joint sounds at the end of the active stage of orthodontic treatment than before treatment. Also, fewer patients demonstrated reciprocal clicking after treatment than before treatment. Therefore it appeared that orthodontic treatment did not pose an increased risk for developing temporomandibular joint sounds irrespective of whether extraction or nonextraction treatment strategies were used. A progression of signs or symptoms to more serious problems was not apparent over the time period studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Long-term effects of orthodontic treatment, including extraction, on signs and symptoms attributed to CMD.

The prevalence of signs and symptoms attributed to craniomandibular disorders (CMD) was established in an orthodontically treated sample. The effect of orthodontic therapy upon this prevalence was studied by monitoring three groups of patients whose treatment procedures were different. The first group was treated with functional appliances, the second with Begg light wire, and the third with chin cups. In addition, the effect of extraction upon the prevalence was studied by monitoring three groups in which different extraction decisions had been made: four first premolars extracted, all other types of extraction, and no extraction. Based upon the finding of similar prevalences after 20 years of observation, it appears that neither orthodontic treatment nor extraction has a causal relationship with the signs and symptoms of CMD recorded during this study.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1975

[Orthodontic therapy by tooth extraction--indication and prognosis].

From 1000 current orthodontic treatments, a percentage of 23.3 (233 patients) was selected for extraction therapy. The indication and the prognosis were analysed from various viewpoints to deduce suggestions for the application in practice. The advantages described and the possibilities of use meet the demands on efficient orthodontic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Differential diagnosis and treatment planning for the adult nonsurgical orthodontic patient.

Increasing numbers of adult patients are seeking orthodontic care and some, despite significant skeletal malocclusions, elect not to have combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The purpose of this article is to outline some of the diagnostic and therapeutic principles that can be used in the adult nonsurgical orthodontic patient. The importance of realistic goal setting in the face of compromised occlusions is emphasized. Diagnosis should include evaluation of all three dimensions and recognize the limitations of therapy in each dimension for the nongrowing patient. Periodontal considerations, extraction decisions, and retention regimens are of vital importance to the achievement and maintenance of an optimum result. Clinical records will demonstrate four commonly seen problems and their resolution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A retrospective cephalometric study of Class I patients.

In view of the growing consensus that traditional cephalometric analyses yield data of dubious scientific validity, this study was undertaken using an alternative technique, termed finite element analysis (FEA). The study was based on 14 triangular finite elements spanning seven datum (nodal) points delineating cephalometric form. These points were delineated on lateral cephalographs taken immediately before and following the completion of orthodontic treatment for two samples of boys aged 12-16 years. Although both samples exhibited Class I molar occlusions with anterior over-crowding, one sample required bilateral maxillary and mandibular first premolar extraction prior to orthodontic treatment, while the other sample did not. FEA revealed greater cephalometric size and shape changes in the 'non-extraction' than 'extraction' samples. Such sample contrasts, however, varied depending upon the finite element included in the analysis. Further studies are therefore required to delineate the specific finite element configurations to provide precise descriptions of cephalometric change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Time and tide.

Timing of treatment is one of the main themes. The development of orthodontics in the United Kingdom is described against the background of a state-funded system. The scope and limitations of extraction therapy and removable appliance therapy are discussed. The principles of functional appliances are also described, as is the need for flexibility in appliance systems, to bring about maximum effect.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1990

A cephalometric study to compare the effects of cervical traction and Andresen therapy in the treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion. Part 2--Dentoalveolar changes.

Absolute distal movement of upper first molars together with distal tipping, but no significant extrusion, occurred with cervical traction. Distal movement of the maxillary first molars was more stable in the group where maxillary 2nd molars had been extracted. With Andresen treatment a restraining effect took place on the upper molars, while mesial movement of the lower first molars contributed to correction of the molar relationship.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1995

Nonsurgical treatment of open bite in nongrowing patients.

Successful treatment of the adult patient with an open bite dental or skeletal pattern often presents a difficult challenge. While the causes of open bite may be multifactorial in nature, there are specific diagnostic criteria that may allow for an orthodontic treatment modality incorporating extraction therapy with retraction of incisors. Two case presentations illustrate treatment of adult patients with open bites due to proclined incisors. The diagnostic criteria and mechanics for appropriate and successful treatment are discussed. Although the selection of extraction therapy for correction of anterior open bite has a narrow range of application in the overall scheme of open bite treatment, this treatment method has certain areas of application in which success may be anticipated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An American Board of Orthodontics case report.

A case report of a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with a deep overbite and severe overjet. The case was treated with the extraction of four first premolars and differential force mechanics. No adjuncts such as functional appliances, headgear, or surgery, were used. [This case was presented to the American Board of Orthodontics in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the certification process conducted by the Board.]

Bicuspid↗