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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Are psycho-organically disordered children inconspicuous as adults? A follow-up study of 125 probands].

ADD is very well known in english speaking countries (DSM III 26-29). At first american authors have demonstrated that psycho-organic disturbances do not disappear in all cases of adulthood. Attention deficit disorders, lack of concentration, weak short time memory, word finding difficulties, visuo-motor function deficiency, lability of mood, impulsivity, lack of self-control will often be found in adults. A defective ego-function seems to be the central disorder. These patients often grow up to pathologic personalities with a propensity to neurosis, addiction, various types of psychosis, namely to schizophrenia. With consideration to the heterogeneity of ADD, MDD hyperkinetic syndrome, psycho-organic syndrome etc. accurate follow-up studies are necessary for a better delineation on this nosological concept. Therefore we have investigated the development of 78 psycho-organic patients of our out-patient department. The first examination was made at the age of 10 years and the second ten years later. We obtained the following results: 1/3 of all patients were free of mental symptoms at the main age of 23 years. 1/2 presented slight symptoms in the cognitive field and/or in the emotional life, but vocational training and social adjustment were not impaired. 1/6 of the patients showed no improvement. They had remained in their family, still need care and help and were unable to accomplish professional training. These findings were compared with those of two groups of healthy persons (20 recruits of the swiss army and 27 female students of a nursing school). The differences were statistically significant in several dimensions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Behavioral rehabilitation of nonspecific symptoms occuring after craniocerbral trauma (author's transl)].

The purpose of this study was to develop a behavioral rehabilitation program for patients with long-term nonspecific symptoms following craniocerebral trauma. In 47 patients we analyzed symptoms typical of "illness behavior" (e.g. complaining tendency, depression, irritability, psychosomatic pain, problems in job performance and social interaction) as possible targets for behavior modification. We then developed a behavioral training program to teach the patients various techniques of self-control (relaxation, desensitization, self-image training, analysis and control of illness behavior, assertiveness, performance techniques), our program being based on studies in the U.S.A. using similar approaches. For a preliminary testing two groups of 8 and 6 patients each were treated by different therapists. The patients worked through a section of the program manual prior to each group session. During the sessions proper (a total of 8 weekly two-hour sessions) the different techniques were practiced under the therapist's supervistion. In both groups a significant reduction in illness behavior as indicated on questionnaires and in 3-month follow-up was found. These encouraging results need to be further substantiated by controlled outcome studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A preliminary study on the changes of T-cell subsets in patients with aplastic anemia treated with qigong].

It has been well known that Qigong keeping one in a self-controlling condition is a traditional method for promoting human health, prolong life and treating several kinds of diseases refractory to other remedies. As aplastic anemia (AA) is one of the disease poor responded to conventional therapy. Qigong was applied to a number of AA patients. Five principle methods of Qigong were practiced as fellows: (1) Regulating respiration consciously to tonify Qi; (2) ameliorating the digestive function on tiptoe; (3) holding one's head for tranquilizing; (4) massaging the loins to nourish the essence; (5) at one's ease to regulate the circulation of Qi and blood. Besides according to the various conditions of different patients, some other Qigong methods such as for anti-inflammation and analgesia, diuretic, massage to viscerals etc. were also applied for symptomatic treatment. In authors' previous work by ABC immune enzymic assay, the authors have shown in most AA patients, their suppressor T cell (Ts) were significantly increased, the helper T cell (Th) dropped resulting in a decreased ratio of Th/Ts. The changes of T-cells subsets were investigated in 10 cases treated by Qigong. For the patients in Qigong therapy, their Th and the ratio of Th/Ts were greatly elevated than those without Qigong treatment (P less than 0.02). In addition, Ts went down but not significantly in Qigong treating patients. Because the change of T cell subsets play an important role in the pathogenesis of AA, the reversion of the change by treating with Qigong may be a promising way for recovery of the AA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The paraphilias and Depo-Provera: some medical, ethical and legal considerations.

Paraphilic disorders are Axis I psychiatric afflictions. They are not acquired by volitional decision, but are manifested by the association of erotic arousal with unacceptable behavior or stimulae (e.g., children). Because paraphilic behavior occurs in the service of a biological drive, use of medication to suppress sexual appetite may constitute an adjunct in treatment. Medroxyprogesterone can be used to decrease unacceptable erotic urges and fantasies, with the intent of increasing self-control. Such treatment should not be forced upon an unwilling person. Conversely, persons should not be denied access to treatment by laws which deter seeking help, or because of incarceration, parole, or probation.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[Compliance of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes mellitus)].

Compliance has a main influence on quality of metabolic control of juvenile diabetics and on prognosis in course of illness. This study examines specific problematic spheres in treatment of type-1-diabetics and tries to identify reasons for non-compliance behaviour. The study includes 60 type-1 diabetics between 10 and 16 years of age by a compliance-self-report questionnaire. Results show diet, self-control and parts of insulin-therapy to be problematic treatment components. Differential effects with regard to sex, age and duration of illness have been found. As main reasons for non-compliance, social circumstances, states of emotion, overcharge and lack of information have been identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cognitive-behavioral psychology and oral hygiene. A new perspective on an old problem.

This article describes the application of learning principles derived from behavioral and cognitive psychology to oral hygiene. It reviews the theoretical basis of a plaque prevention approach based on psychological models of self-control behavior. This approach was derived from research on learning environments, interviewing, behavior modification, and cognitive psychology.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the lipolysis inhibiting agent beta-pyridylcarbinol (Ronicol) in acute myocardial ischaemia.

The antilipolytic, nicotinic acid analogue beta-pyridylcarbinol (Ronicol) has previously been reported to decrease the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration of the arteria-blood, and to moderate the FFA-uptake and O2-consumption of the myocardium; on this basis, the drug may be expected to exert a cardioprotective action. The cardiac effects of Ronicol were therefore studied on a self-control, 'single-vessel' coronary artery ligature dog model. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was prepared in the in situ heart of anaesthetized, thoracotomized animals. Following the control ligation, a stabilization period and Ronicol infusion (1 mg/kg iv. during 10 minutes), the LAD was repeatedly ligated. The duration of the individual occlusions was 10 minutes. Ronicol significantly decreased the arterial FFA concentration and the epicardial ST segment elevation; its antilipolytic and anti-ischaemic effects were protracted and were still observed 120 minutes after pretreatment. The drug did not decrease the inhomogeneity of ventricular depolarization in the ischaemic myocardium and in the dose applied it had no influence on the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular contractility (LV dP/dtmax). In the canine myocardial infarction model employed it was observed that the duration of the anti-ischaemic effect of Ronicol (1 mg/kg iv.) is about 120 minutes. It has the advantage that it does not possess the unwanted cardiovascular side-effects displayed by nicotinic acid observed by us too in this model earlier (Cardiol. Hung. 13, 33-41, 1984).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical analysis of 47 cases of epilepsy].

This article makes a clinical analyses of the general data concerning 47 epileptic cases in our hospital, and especially reports on the forensic psychiatric assessment of two out of the seven criminal cases, their history of illness and responsibility. In the assessment of such cases, special emphasis should be laid on the diagnosis of the epilepsy so as to avoid misdiagnosis. The author suggests that the patient folds no responsibility for his criminal behaviour during the attack. But he should be responsible in a diminished criminal for his criminal behavior when he is only suffering from a personality disorder, since he has some discriminative and self-control ability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Psychologic reactions of patients at the announcement of a treatment plan for cancer of the breast. Apropos of 6 exemplary case reports].

Basing our clinical study on six typical cases, the different types of psychological responses to the announcement of the treatment options for patients with breast cancer are analysed by their frequency: anxiety with self-control, shunning of reality, questioning, anxiety attack, negation of the diagnosis or negation of the usefulness of the treatment. This classification allows the physician to recognize and analyse better the patient's reactions in order to establish the essential reciprocal trust for their complete observance to the most efficient treatment. Anxiety, linked to the meaning of the word cancer, is the most important component. The different reactions are caused by the patient psychological defenses mechanisms. As for the treatment, the real difficulty is to differentiate anxiety from reactional depression and from true depression. Treatment of anxiety should not be systematic and begins by reassuring the patient with a better patient-physician relationship.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality traits and hyperactive behavior].

The hyperactive child has traditionally been considered impulsive rather out of self-control, anxious, problematic as regards his/her interpersonal relationships, and highlystrung. In this paper, we aim to prove the existence of these traits by analyzing them from a psychometric perspective, and starting from Cattell's theory of traits. We have worked with a sample of 130 hyperactive children and 79 control individuals, aged six to ten, who were diagnosed according to DSM III criteria. We have used the CPQ and ESPQ tests. The data were submitted to a contrast of differences. The results agree with the hypothesis proposed.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Gingival bleeding].

Gingival bleeding is not of decisive importance in diagnosticating periodontal diseases, since various endogenous causative factors and exogenous conditions may enhance its occurrence. In the absence of periodontal disease, gingival bleeding might be a symptom of a systemic disease. Because gingival bleeding is in most cases the first sign of an affection of the tooth-supporting structures that the patient observes, it should be, for all the difficulties its substantivation, be considered in history taking and for self-control.

Gingival Hemorrhage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biofeedback and the behavioral treatment of disorders of disregulation.

This paper reviews biofeedback research from the perspective of cybernetic/feedback theory and applies the theory to the behavioral treatment of psychosomatic disorders. The concept of disregulation is used to elucidate how environmental factors can modulate the central nervous system and effect homeostatic, self-regulatory control of peripheral organs. When feedback from peripheral organs is disrupted, it is hypothesized that disregulation occurs, leading to physiological instability and functional disease. Within this framework, biofeedback provides a new feedback loop that can help individuals regain physiological self-control. Basic research using biofeedback to enhance self-regulation of cardiovascular responses is reviewed. The use of biofeedback in the behavioral treatment of disorders such as tension and migraine headache, hypertension, and epilepsy are selectively reviewed and critically evaluated. The need to consider feedback mechanisms in behavioral and biomedical approaches to treatment is highlighted. Predictions regarding the potential inadvertent perpetuation of disregulation and disease through inappropriate biomedical intervention is also considered.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Reinterpretative cognitive strategies in chronic pain management.

This preliminary study was conducted to test the effectiveness of cognitive treatment of clinical pain. Chronic pain patients were trained in a self-control cognitive strategy procedure. Specifically, they were provided with a conceptualization of their pain, instructed in an awareness of their thoughts prior to and during their experience of pain, and trained in the use of several cognitive strategies to replace these thoughts and relabel their pain experience. Training was provided in a group setting to further consolidate the use of the instructions by enabling patients to roleplay the instructions to one another. Patients were also encouraged to verbally reinforce themselves each time they used the procedure. The experience of pain was measured by the McGill pain questionnaire, a behavioral checklist and staff reports. Results suggest that cognitive strategies can effectively alter the experience of clinical pain. Moreover, pain as a cognitive label for a nonspecific state of arousal is suggested.

Cognition↗
PubMed1979

[Self control developing function of self verbalization in children in experimental situations].

80 children received 5 different instructions which the children were supposed to repeat when exposed to classical tempting situations. As one result it could be shown that children of the middle class under the treatment conditions of verbalizing positive consequences were significantly better concerning the time of latency than those of other groups. In contrast to the expectations there were no differences according to factors like class, intelligence and latency. Results are discussed in terms of the development of self-control, relations between verbal and nonverbal behavior, cognitive behavior modification, and in the relation to a similar experiment by Hartig and Kanfer (1973).

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

An eclectic approach to parent group education.

Many factors contribute to a need for parent education today. Parent education has changed over the past centuries as a result of our changing values, our increasing knowledge base, and changes in family structure. The parent education group attempts to meet the parents' need to validate their concerns and offer them process and skills that promote mental health in children. Two popular models of parent education, the reflective model and the behavioral model, stem from two schools of psychologic thought-the phenomenologic school and the behavioral school. Because of the weaknesses and strengths of each model, an eclectic model of parent education is proposed which facilitates an authoritative patern of parenting correlated with self-reliant, explorative, and self-controlled children. This eclectic model of parent education is perceived as being within the role description of the generalist nurse who has access to back-up specialists in the health care system. Many opportunities exist for the nurse to offer this type of health education.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Behavior rating inventory for moderately, severely, and profoundly retarded persons.

The reliability and validity of the behavior of a sample of institutionalized mentally retarded children, with total IQs between 2 and 53, were assessed by a new scale measuring the following areas; communication, self-help, physical skills, self-control, and social behavior. Clinically and statistically acceptable levels of interrater agreement were found. With respect to validity: (a) several factors loaded very highly on items consistent with the a priori labeling of subscales; (b) two of the factors (cognitive and psychomotor development) could account for about 75% of the explained variance in ward placement levels (multiple R = .86); and (c) individual items on the Behavior Rating Inventory for the Retarded correlated highly with independently derived measures of the actual behavior these items represented. The major advantages of this scale over existing ones include its clearly demonstrated validity and relative ease of administration and scoring.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Autogenic training in psychophysiological preparation for parachute jumps].

The efficiency of specific psychophysiological preparation--autogenic training--to parachute jumps was measured in two groups of cadets (test subjects and controls). Hetero- and autogenic training was carried out according to a scheme specially developed for this type of activity. The study of questionnaires and physiological data demonstrated that the specific psychophysiological preparation by means of autogenic training for a certain type of activity helped to develop active self-control over one's own state and emotions, alleviated tension, arrested adverse neurotic manifestations (sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety), contributed to the feeling of confidence in the successful completion of the jump and promoted positive tuning towards subsequent jumps.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Diver adaptability during a nitrox saturation dive at 7 ATA.

The major objective of this study was to demonstrate the advantages of transforming raw scores to ipsative form (deviation scores calculated around each subject's mean), particularly in diver research characteristically involving small subject samples in a self-control design. Measures of reaction time, response accuracy, anxiety, hostility, and depression were obtained from three U.S. Navy divers (Ss) during a nitrox saturation dive at 7 ATA (bottom time 7 days). It was argued and to some extent demonstrated that normative (interindividual) statistics obscure individual differences which are clearly delineated with the scores in ipsative form. Further, this score transformation allowed for meaningful between-Ss (same measure) and between-measures (same S) comparisons. These relationships could not be demonstrated with the scores in normative form. Application of P-technique of factor analysis within each S's arrays of data suggested that the characteristic adaptive patterns of two Ss in this study reacted to the pressure-stress by directing affect inward; for the third S, affect was directed outward. However, none of the 20 scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory clearly discriminated among the three adaptive types.

Adult↗