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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Sad, glad, or mad hearts? Epidemiological evidence for a causal relationship between mood disorders and coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiological evidence to determine if there is sufficient support for the hypothesis that mood disorders convey a risk factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHOD: Based on a review of the related research on Type A behavioral pattern (TABP) and other variables such as anger and hostility and their relationship to coronary artery disease (CAD), the findings were analyzed to ascertain any clinical patterns or similarities between behaviors of Type A and those in mood disorders. Using the given epidemiological criteria for a causal relationship, the association between the mood and coronary artery disease was explored. RESULTS: There are similar symptoms and behaviors noted among Type A, manic, cyclothymic and hyperthymic individuals. There is sufficient historical and contemporaneous epidemiological evidence to support the notion that mood disorders confer risk for CAD, but it is premature to describe it as a causative factor. Depressive symptoms and general mood disorders emerged as toxic risk factors for CAD. LIMITATION: This article presents only a selective literature review, and it is limited by an epidemiological analyses of secondary sources. The impact of this limitation on the interpretation of the analyses is discussed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patients require scrupulous clinical assessment for the presence of mood disorders including subtype; the stakes are high, since their cardiac health status may depend upon it. Pathophysiological pathways may play a covariate role in both mood and coronary disease, and some tentative hypotheses regarding the role of catchecholamines and cortisol are explored. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to justify studying the role of mood as a covariate risk factor in the pathogenesis of CAD. Implications for mental health, public health, primary care practice, and psychometric measurement are discussed. The hypothesis that mood disorders are a cause of CAD requires further research.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1996

Sadness, tragedy and mass disaster in Oklahoma City: providing critical incident stress debriefings to a community in crisis.

Shortly after 09:00 h on 19 April 1995, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, located in downtown Oklahoma City, was devastated with a bomb blast of such gigantic proportions that it was heard 60 miles away in neighbouring Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahomans routinely commuting to work on that sunny Wednesday morning went about their business as usual. A crude bomb chemically comprised of various organic compounds, chemical fertilizer, ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel, weighing an estimated 4800 pounds or more, was transported in a vehicle the size of a truck. It blew open a crater 6-8 ft deep in the street floor. The Murrah Federal Building was impacted immediately; floors, windows, communication equipment and almost all the innocent victims inside were razed to the ground. Outside the building, as far as 10 blocks away or more, hundreds of victims lay hurt, seriously injured or dead from shards of glass that flew from office windows hundreds of feet above the street floor. Without warning, the initial impact of the bomb immediately devastated the entire city. People were in a state of shock, disbelief and denial; acute symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were commonplace. Oklahomans, 'numb' from the impact of the critical incident and ill-equipped to handle the chaos of such catastrophic proportions, struggled to regain control of their lives as friends, family and loved ones went unaccounted for or were found critically injured, dying or already dead. The critical incident on 19 April demanded the immediate attention of the nation, to come to the aid of the Oklahomans who were in desperate need. By 1 June, the exhaustive investigations revealed that 30 office buildings in downtown Oklahoma City had to be condemned, and as many as 300 others were damaged. In addition, 168 people had been found dead including 19 children and one nurse working as an emergency services rescue worker. Approximately 490 other victims had been reported injured from the blast. Countless others have been traumatised by the critical event and will need professional attention and care for weeks, months and years to come. The final extent of the impact on Oklahoma City is yet unknown and may never realistically be estimated in terms of personal trauma, loss and grief.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1995

Sad fetus syndrome--gestational trophoblastic disease concurrent with a living fetus or fetuses.

The term gestational trophoblastic disease is used to indicate a group of both benign and malignant trophoblast, including molar degeneration of villi, hydatid mole, invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. This study shows a new classification of trophoblastic disease existing with a living fetus or fetuses. Benign hydatid mole is the initial stage of the disease continuum, whereas highly malignant choriocarcinoma is the final stage of this spectrum.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

"The frog ate the bug and made his mouth sad": narrative competence in children with autism.

This study compares the narrative abilities of 13 children with autism, 13 children with developmental delays, and 13 typically developing children matched on language ability. Although groups did not differ in their use of causal language or internal state terms, children with autism and children with developmental delays were less likely than typical children to identify the causes of characters' internal states. Rather, they tended simply to label emotions and explain actions. Children with autism and children with developmental delays also relied on a more restricted range of evaluative devices, which both convey point of view and maintain listener involvement. In addition, the narrative abilities of children with autism were linked to performance on measures of theory of mind and an index of conversational competence, whereas this was not the case among children with developmental delays. Findings are discussed in relation to the social, cognitive, and emotional underpinnings and consequences of narrative activity.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2001

Serotonin mediated cluster headache, trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and superior laryngeal neuralgia with SAD chronicity.

Cluster headache is a rare and severe pain syndrome with elusive pathophysiology. Serotonin pathways within the brainstem may be implicated in cluster headache with seasonal affective disorder and a subset of cranial nerve neuralgias. We describe and chronicle a syndrome consisting of cluster headache, seasonal affective disorder, with associated trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, superior laryngeal neuralgias in an 11-year-old female. Pharmacologic interventions for this patient were examined in conjunction with current classification, location and function of serotonin receptors. Etiology is postulated as mixed cranial nerve excitation via endogenous 5-HT (agonist) activity of 5-HT3 receptors within the nucleus tractus solitarius and trigeminal tract nucleus.

Cluster Headache↗
PubMed2002

Emotionally charged autobiographical memories across the life span: the recall of happy, sad, traumatic, and involuntary memories.

A sample of 1,241 respondents between 20 and 93 years old were asked their age in their happiest, saddest, most traumatic, most important memory, and most recent involuntary memory. For older respondents, there was a clear bump in the 20s for the most important and happiest memories. In contrast, saddest and most traumatic memories showed a monotonically decreasing retention function. Happy involuntary memories were over twice as common as unhappy ones, and only happy involuntary memories showed a bump in the 20s. Life scripts favoring positive events in young adulthood can account for the findings. Standard accounts of the bump need to be modified, for example, by repression or reduced rehearsal of negative events due to life change or social censure.

Adult↗