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PubMed2000

Localisation by in situ hybridisation of S100A4 (p9Ka) mRNA in primary human breast tumour specimens.

Rodent S100A4 (p9Ka) induces a metastatic phenotype in benign rat mammary tumour cells and cooperates with the neu oncogene to produce metastatic tumours in a transgenic mouse model system. Human S100A4 possesses similar metastasis-inducing properties. S100A4 mRNA is now sought in human breast tumour-derived cell lines and tumour specimens. S100A4 mRNA is present in some cell lines derived from malignant breast cancers, but is not detectable in cells derived from benign breast tumours. In human tumour specimens, using in situ hybridisation, the mRNA for S100A4 is localised to the epithelial cells of carcinoma specimens, and in some normal breast specimens, to a stromal region surrounding the epithelial ducts. In carcinoma specimens, S100A4 mRNA is also found in the stromal region surrounding islands of cancer cells. For both the epithelial and stromal components, S100A4 mRNA is present at a higher level in carcinomas relative to benign breast tumour specimens. In general, there is a concordance between the S100A4 mRNA signal from the epithelial and stromal elements of the same carcinoma specimens. Using Northern blotting techniques, these results have been extended to a panel of 137 benign and malignant breast tumour specimens. The results show that S100A4 mRNA occurs in the more-malignant, rather than in the more-benign tumour specimens.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1996

Flow cytometric analysis of kappa and lambda light chain expression in evaluation of specimens for B-cell neoplasia.

Analysis of light chain expression is one of the most important determinations in flow cytometric immunophenotyping of patient specimens. Numerous technical factors, such as antibody choice and cytophilic antibody artifact, impact a laboratory's ability to perform this test. There have been conflicting reports concerning the efficacy of polyclonal versus monoclonal antibodies, as well as methods of circumventing cytophilic antibodies, indicating that a consensus has not been reached on optimal methods for light chain determination. The authors have investigated methods for light chain analysis in 104 normal donors and 366 patient specimens, comparing different anti-light chain antibodies as well as strategies for analysis of specimens with low numbers of monoclonal B cells, admixed polyclonal B cells, or cytophilic antibodies. The patient specimens were either part of the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected lymphoma, or were performed for staging or assessment of treatment of patients with known B-cell neoplasia. No monoclonality was detected in control specimens, and there was no significant difference in staining with monoclonal verses polyclonal anti-light chain antibodies. In addition, cytophilic antibody did not obscure results in normal controls. Monoclonality was detected in 106 patient specimens, with 89 showing gross involvement with a predominant monoclonal B-cell process. However, in 43% of the grossly monoclonal specimens, there was failure to detect monoclonality with at least one light chain antibody set, with 8% of these cases showing failure with two anti-light chain sets. This indicates the importance of antibody choice in light chain analysis. Cytophilic antibody artifact in monoclonal specimens was easily overcome by appropriate antibody combinations, obviating the need for cytophilic antibody-shedding by incubation at 37 degrees C in fetal calf serum. In 27 patient specimens with low numbers of B cells or admixed polyclonal B cells, a clonal search based on FSC and CD19 or CD20 expression was performed. In 17 of the 27 cases (63%), a small monoclonal population was detected among admixed polyclonal B cells. The authors conclude that multiple strategies are necessary in flow cytometric analysis for B-cell monoclonality.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2003

Comparative molecular analysis of loss of heterozygosity in adenocarcinoma in bile duct brushings and corresponding surgical pathology specimens.

BACKGROUND: Bile duct brushing is the procedure of choice for the assessment of neoplasia of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Conventional cytopathologic evaluation has been reported to have high specificity but relatively low sensitivity. Although a number of molecular studies regarding biliary tract tissue specimens have been performed, to the authors' knowledge their precise applicability to cytopathology specimens has not been critically analyzed. METHODS: Bile duct brushing specimens with the cytopathologic diagnosis of "suspicious" or "positive for malignant cells" along with corresponding surgical pathology specimens demonstrating adenocarcinoma were searched for in the files of UPMC-Presbyterian Hospital for the years 1990-1996. Tumor cells from representative cytopathology and histology slides were microdissected and analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a panel of microsatellite markers. The results obtained from cytopathologic and surgical pathology specimens were compared. RESULTS: Eight paired surgical and cytopathology cases of adenocarcinoma involving the biliary tract were identified. The fractional allelic loss (FAL) for the surgical specimens (FAL-S) ranged from 12.5-71.4% and the FAL for the cytopathology specimens (FAL-C) ranged from 25-71.4%. However, when evaluating the actual loci of LOH, the concordance rate of the surgical and cytopathology specimens ranged from 71.4-100% (mean, 88.6%). Only 3 of the 8 cases (37.5%) were found to have identical matching of the LOH loci. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall concordance rate of LOH in biliary cytology and surgical specimens by molecular analysis is relatively high, the issue of molecular tumoral heterogeneity must be considered if clinical decisions are to be based exclusively on cytopathologic analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of biological specimens.

Qualitative X-ray microanalysis of biological specimens requires an approach that is somewhat different from that used in the materials sciences. The first step is deconvolution and background subtraction on the obtained spectrum. The further treatment depends on the type of specimen: thin, thick, or semithick. For thin sections, the continuum method of quantitation is most often used, but it should be combined with an accurate correction for extraneous background. However, alternative methods to determine local mass should also be considered. In the analysis of biological bulk specimens, the ZAF-correction method appears to be less useful, primarily because of the uneven surface of biological specimens. The peak-to-local background model may be a more adequate method for thick specimens that are not mounted on a thick substrate. Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of biological specimens generally requires the use of standards that preferably should resemble the specimen in chemical and physical properties. Special problems in biological microanalysis include low count rates, specimen instability and mass loss, extraneous contributions to the spectrum, and preparative artifacts affecting quantitation. A relatively recent development in X-ray microanalysis of biological specimens is the quantitative determination of local water content.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evidence of rotavirus AU32 like G9 strains from nontypeable fecal specimens of Indian children hospitalized during 1993-1994.

Serotyping of 432 rotavirus positive fecal specimens collected from hospitalized children during 1990-1997 was carried out at National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, India, using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against VP7 determinant of serotypes G1-G4, G6, G8, and G10. However, significant number of specimens, that is, 47.92% remained nontypeable. The aim of the present study was to culture adapt the nontypeable specimens and to characterize them further. Since the fecal specimens were not tested by MAb to G9 serotype, which has emerged as an important serotype infecting humans recently, presence of G9 serotype was expected in nontypeable specimens. Therefore, we selected specimens from those children, who showed higher neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer in their convalescent serum samples to G9 serotype than their mothers. Out of six isolates having long electropherotype, five isolates showed subgroup II, and one showed subgroup I, II. The isolates were confirmed as G9 by MAb based ELISA, neutralization assay, and PCR. The G9 specific nested PCR products of four isolates showed 96-99% identities to AU32 G9 strain reported from Japan. P type of four isolates was determined as P8. Besides isolates, four additional nontypeable fecal specimens were confirmed as G9 by MAb based ELISA. Thus, 10 (28.57%) out of 35 nontypeable specimens were identified as rotavirus serotype G9. The results indicate that serotype G9 may represent significant proportion of specimens, which were previously nontypeable.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Effect of specimen size on work-of-fracture measurements.

It has been suggested that work-of-fracture, which quantifies the ability of a material to resist fracture, is dependent on specimen size. This experiment compared work-of-fracture, calculated as energy per unit area, for different specimen sizes of Plexiglas, bovine tibial bone and aluminum. Three different geometrically similar cross sections were tested for each material for a total of 54 specimens. Work-of-fracture was measured by loading a notched beam (triangular cross section) in three-point bending at a constant deformation rate. The energy necessary to cause fracture was measured from a load-deformation curve. Specimen fracture area was determined using macrophotography. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine weight percent calcium of bone specimens and quantitative light microscopy was used to determine fractional void area. Analysis of variance showed no effect of specimen size on work-of-fracture for aluminum or Plexiglas specimens (p greater than 0.05). A significant difference was found, however, between the large (area = 11.7 +/- 1.9 mm2) and small (area = 3.48 +/- 0.68 mm2) bone specimens and between the medium (area = 5.89 +/- 0.69 mm2) and small (area = 3.48 +/- 0.68 mm2) bone specimens. No correlation was found between work-of-fracture and either calcium content (r2 = 0.128) or fractional void area (r2 = 0.0713). The mean work-of-fracture values found are as follows: aluminum, 59.8 +/- 13.7 kJ m-2; Plexiglas, 0.620 +/- 0.074 kJ m-2; bone (area 5.89 +/- 0.69 mm2-11.7 +/- 1.9 mm2), 9.72 +/- 1.93 kJ m-2 and bone (area 3.48 +/- 0.68 mm2), 5.48 +/- 1.79 kJ m-2.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1994

p53 immunostaining in the differentiation of reactive processes from malignancy in pleural biopsy specimens.

To determine the utility of positive p53 protein immunostaining as an adjunct in the diagnosis of malignancy in pleural biopsy specimens, we reviewed 73 recently obtained pleural biopsy specimens that represented the typical range of diagnoses encountered in the evaluation of a proliferative pleural process. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin sections of each biopsy specimen using a monoclonal antibody to the p53 suppressor gene product clone BP53-12 (BioGenex, San Ramon, CA) and a standard capillary gap (Microprobe, Fischer Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) avidin-biotin complex technique with a citrate buffer antigen retrieval solution. Of the pleural biopsy specimens with unequivocal malignancy, 19 of 40 mesotheliomas and nine of 18 metastatic adenocarcinomas were immunopositive for p53 protein. All 13 of the biopsy specimens with reactive mesothelial hyperplasia or organizing pleuritis were negative. Two pleural biopsy specimens, which were interpreted as suspicious but inconclusive for malignancy, were positive for p53 protein and subsequent pathology specimens confirmed the presence of metastatic carcinoma in both of these biopsy specimens. Our findings suggest that p53 protein immunostaining is relatively sensitive and highly specific in differentiating reactive processes from primary or metastatic malignancies in histopathologically equivocal pleural biopsy specimens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Application of the Roche Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PCR) test to specimens other than respiratory secretions.

The ability of the Roche AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) test to detect M. tuberculosis in specimens other than respiratory secretions was evaluated. A total of 249 specimens from 219 patients were tested. Of these, 12 specimens grew isolates of the M. tuberculosis complex and four grew isolates of the M. avium complex. The AMPLICOR MTB test was positive for 10 of the 12 specimens which grew M. tuberculosis and for three specimens which were culture negative. Two of the latter specimens were from patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis and with multiple sputum specimens which grew M. tuberculosis. Four specimens grew M. avium complex isolates, and all yielded negative AMPLICOR MTB test results. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the AMPLICOR MTB test were 85.7%, 99.5%, 92.3%, and 99.1%, respectively. Our data indicate that the AMPLICOR MTB test will permit the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis in specimens other than respiratory secretions.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2006

Frozen section analysis of esophageal endoscopic mucosal resection specimens in the real-time management of Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the validity of frozen section analysis of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens from Barrett's esophagus as compared with permanent sections for the detection of neoplasia. Frozen sections help to give immediate feedback for surgical procedures. It has not been determined whether EMR can be adequately interpreted by using frozen sections to aid endoscopists in completely resecting neoplastic lesions. METHODS: EMR specimens from Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and/or carcinoma were tested by frozen section. Pathologists evaluated EMR specimens for the depth of invasion as well as the appearance of clear margins of resection. The kappa statistic was calculated to assess the degree of agreement between the frozen section and permanent section diagnoses. RESULTS: Twenty-three consecutive patients underwent 30 EMRs with frozen section diagnosis. Frozen section revealed a carcinoma in 7 specimens (23%) and dysplasia in 20 (66%). Permanent sections found carcinoma in 8 specimens (26%), dysplasia in 19 specimens (63%), and normal or nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus in the remainder. The kappa statistic for the depth of invasion of EMR specimens was 0.93 (near perfect agreement). The kappa statistic for the margins of the EMR specimens was 0.80 (excellent agreement). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that frozen section analysis of esophageal EMR specimens is valid as compared with permanent section. This technique might allow rapid evaluation about the degree and depth of involvement of cancers. This allows physicians to make decisions regarding further therapy if margins are involved or decrease the use of EMR for histologically benign-appearing lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Influence of specimen size and regional variation on long-term resin-dentin bond strength.

OBJECTIVES: Verify whether the dimension of a bonded specimen stored prior microtensile testing and its regional variation may affect the resin-dentin bond strength (BS) over time. METHODS: Thirty human third molars had a flat dentin surface exposed and all peripheral enamel removed. Two adhesive systems (Single-Bond and One-Step) were applied and composite resin crowns (Z250) were constructed. Teeth were divided into three groups (n = 5). Group A specimens were sectioned to obtain sticks to be tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately. Group B specimens were stored in water for 6 months, before sectioning and testing. Group C specimens were sectioned; the sticks were stored for 6 months and tested. In groups A and B, the origin of the sticks, periphery and inner regions was controlled. Bond strength (BS) was expressed as an index that considers cohesive failures and estimated values of premature debonded specimens. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05) were used to compare groups A, B and C, and a second analytical approach (A and B) employed a two-way ANOVA (time versus regional differences) for each adhesive system. RESULTS: For Single-Bond (SB), the BS for specimens in group A was higher than for groups B and C. For One-Step (OS), the BS in group A was higher than for B, which was in turn higher than for C. In the second group approach, no difference was found when the test was performed immediately; however, after 6 months, the inner sticks from group B showed significantly higher BS. SIGNIFICANCE: (1) The amount of decrease in BS is dependent on the specimen size; (2) the decrease in BS was greater for peripheral specimens than more centrally located specimens.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Radiological review of specimen radiographs after breast localisation biopsy is not always necessary.

INTRODUCTION: The use of specimen radiographs to confirm the presence of the radiological abnormality in a breast specimen after localisation biopsy is standard practice. This study aims to show that a trained surgeon may assess breast specimen radiographs with similar efficacy as a radiologist. METHODS: This retrospective study assessed all patients who had localisation breast surgery using wire or ultrasound (US) techniques between January 2002 and March 2003. Histopathological records and mammographic details were recorded from the hospital notes. A consultant radiologist and surgeon reviewed the specimen radiographs, identifying mammographic abnormalities and assessing margins. RESULTS: Localisation surgery was performed on 101 patients with US used to localize 68. The median specimen weight was 64g. A malignant diagnosis was made in 86 patients. In 23, the histological resection margins were considered to be close or involved by tumour and re-excision was performed in eight patients. Sixty-one specimen radiographs were reviewed. The radiologist identified every mammographic abnormality, and the surgeon identified the lesion in 58. The positive predictive value of specimen radiographs to identify histologically involved margins was 75 and 74% by the radiologist and the surgeon, respectively. Where good radiograph margins were reported in 40 and 35 patients by the radiologist and surgeon, respectively, 11 and 7 had histologically involved margins. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a suitably trained or experienced surgeon can assess specimen radiographs effectively without the need for intraoperative radiological input although complete histological resection is not guaranteed despite specimen radiographs demonstrating clear margins.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical analysis of platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in cardiac biopsy and autopsy specimens of heart transplant patients.

The purposes of this study were to examine 250 heart biopsy specimens and 20 autopsy specimens from heart transplant patients for the presence and localization of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and to correlate these findings with the histologic features of rejection and the autopsy findings of graft coronary vasculopathy and global ischemia. Positive specimen staining was significantly more prevalent for PDGF (78% of specimens) than for bFGF (54% of specimens) (p< 0.001). PDGF was distributed more in an interstitial (53%) than a vascular (28%) pattern and was associated with macrophages, whereas bFGF was distributed more in a vascular (50%) than an interstitial (12%) pattern. The prevalence of PDGF (but not bFGF) staining was significantly greater in biopsy specimens with at least grade 2 vascular rejection changes (81%) than in those without vascular rejection changes (58%) (p<0.001). In autopsy specimens, PDGF staining was present in the hearts of all 5 patients (100%) who died of graft failure from coronary vasculopathy and was present in all 11 hearts (100%) with global ischemic changes, but in only 4 of 9 (44%) of the hearts without global ischemia (p<0.01). PDGF staining was absent in nontransplanted heart specimens, whereas bFGF staining in nontransplanted heart specimen was similar to that in transplanted hearts. We conclude that PDGF is increased in transplanted hearts, is distributed more in an interstitial pattern, and is associated with macrophages. Furthermore, PDGF staining is increased in transplanted hearts with evidence of vascular rejection, coronary vasculopathy, or global ischemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of the mechanism of discrepant nuclear morphometric results comparing preoperative biopsy and prostatectomy specimens.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanism for the differing nuclear morphometric results between needle biopsy and surgical specimens of the prostate. METHODS: In experiment 1, a comparison of mean nuclear area (MNA), volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (MNV), and form factor (FF) for prostatic epithelial cells was performed between preoperative needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimens from 5 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In experiment 2, a scheduled, sequential ex vivo needle sampling from the enucleated prostates (at 0, 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgical resection) was also performed for 7 patients with BPH. The prostatectomy specimens were left unfixed for 2 hours until the second needle sampling was done. Nuclear morphometric parameters were measured on the needle-sampled as well as on the prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS: MNA, MNV, and FF of BPH cells measured on preoperative biopsy specimens were smaller than those of surgical specimens in all 5 of the cases. The results of nuclear morphometry on the materials obtained by ex vivo needle sampling of prostates before and during fixation revealed that the MNA, MNV, and FF for BPH cells of 0-hour specimens were significantly smaller than those for needle samples at 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgical resection as well as those for prostatectomy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provided further evidence that the ischemic damage caused by delayed fixation could result in a substantial change of the nuclear morphology of prostate cells. An immediate start, as well as a rapid completion, of the fixation procedure seems critical for an accurate nuclear morphometry of prostatectomy specimens.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1997

Clinical significance of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in transurethral resection specimens.

OBJECTIVES: High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is the most likely precursor of invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma. The incidence and clinical significance of this lesion have not been previously defined in specimens from transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP). METHODS: To determine the frequency of PIN in TURP specimens and its relationship with adenocarcinoma, we reviewed 698 resections performed at Mayo Clinic between 1989 and 1990. A mean of 6 slides was analyzed for each case (range 1 to 36). The presence, extent, and architectural pattern of PIN were recorded. The results were correlated with many clinical and pathologic features, including patient age, Gleason score, stage, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, and patient follow-up. In a 1:2 nested matching case-control study, we compared the outcome of cases with PIN alone with that of the control group. Each patient with PIN alone (16 patients) was matched randomly with 2 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) alone (32 patients) according to age (+/- 5 years) and serum PSA concentration (+/- 1 ng/mL). RESULTS: Of 698 TURP specimens, 570 (81.7%) contained BPH and 128 (18.3%) contained adenocarcinoma and BPH. High-grade PIN was identified in 29 cases (4.2%), including 16 (2.8%) of those with BPH and 13 (10.2%) of those with cancer and BPH. Follow-up revealed adenocarcinoma in 3 of 14 patients (21.4%) with PIN and BPH only after 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively; mean follow-up for the 14 patients was 6 years (range 4 to 7 years), and none of the patients died of prostate cancer. Conversely, none of the patients (0%) without PIN in TURP specimens in the case-control study had subsequent adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of PIN in TURP specimens was 4.2%, including 2.8% without cancer and 10.2% with coexistent cancer. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed within 7 years in 21.4% of patients with PIN in TURP specimen. Conversely, none of those without PIN matched for age and serum PSA had adenocarcinoma at follow-up. These results indicate that high-grade PIN is uncommon in TURP specimens and, when found, indicates a significant risk of cancer. The presence of PIN in TURP specimens should be reported by the pathologist; in addition, the entire specimen should be submitted for histologic examination to exclude carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of nuclear morphometric results between needle biopsy and surgical specimens from patients with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To compare nuclear morphometric values and Gleason scores between biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. METHODS: The mean nuclear area (MNA), volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (MNV), and form factor (FF) were measured on the 18-gauge needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens of 25 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The correlation between biopsy and surgical specimens was investigated for MNA, MNV, FF, and Gleason scores. RESULTS: The average values for the MNA, MNV, and FF of the biopsy specimens (36.2 microm2, 366 microm3, and 0.86, respectively) were significantly smaller than those of the prostatectomy specimens (51.4 microm2, 646 microm3, and 0.91) by Student's paired t test. The Pearson correlation of morphometric parameters between the biopsy and surgical specimens was significant only for FF. A comparison of histologic grading between the biopsy and surgical specimens revealed identical Gleason scores in 32% and identical grades (on a three-grade system) in 68% of all the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Discrepant nuclear morphometric results were observed between biopsy and surgical specimens of localized prostate cancer. The reason for such differing results is unclear but may be caused by artifacts associated with tissue sampling and processing. It is recommended that data obtained by biopsy should be considered separately from that obtained from surgical specimens.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

A fourteen-year study to identify measles antigen in urine specimens by fluorescent-antibody methods.

Between 1965 and 1979 inclusive, 426 morning urine specimens from 410 patients admitted to hospital with the provisional diagnosis of measles were tested for measles antigen by fluorescent-antibody methods. One hundred and forty-two specimens (33.3 per cent) were positive. Of 74 patients who were clinically assessed not to have measles, 6/77 specimens (7.8 per cent) gave false positive results, and 71/77 (92.2 per cent) gave true negative results. Three hundred and forty-nine urine specimens were tested from 336 patients clinically judged to have had measles and 136 of these specimens (39 per cent) were positive. The positive rate was highest in a small number of specimens taken before the rash and next highest at the onset of the rash. The positive rate then fell; it rose again near the end of the first week, but the further increased positive rate after that time was associated with very small numbers of specimens. Of 12 child contacts of measles, 5/12 (41.67 per cent) had positive urine specimens and one of them developed measles two days after sampling. None of the seven patients with negative urine specimens developed measles. Measles antigen was detected in urine sediment by fluorescent-antibody tests in 39 per cent of the patients with measles studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Volume determinations of the whole prostate and of the adenoma by transrectal ultrasound: correlation with surgical specimen].

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether preoperative transrecta ultrasound (TRUS) mesaurements of the transition zone (TZ) and total prostate volumen predict real prostatic weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compare estimated TRUS volumes with surgical specimen weight, in surgically treated patients with localized prostate cancer (group A, n = 33) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (group B, n = 37). The volume was calculated by the ellipsoid formula. Both measurements were compared with surgical specimen weight, assuming 1 as specific prostate weight. RESULTS: Group A: mean prostate measured volume was 38.6 cc. (SD 22.7), mean RP specimen weight was 54,2 g (SD 27.2) (p = 0.001). Total estimated prostate volume underestimated prostatectomy specimen weight by 29%. In order to adequate the estimated volume to the specimen weight, we calculated the formula: estimated prostate weight = 0.95 x prostatic measured volume + 17,657 (p = 0.005). Group B: mean TZ measured volume was 62.8 cc. (SD 23.3), mean adenomectomy specimen weight was 79.9 g (SD 45.9) (p = 0.001). TZ estimated volume underestimated adenomectomy specimen weight by 21%. In order to adequate the estimated volume to the specimen weight, we calculated the formula: estimated TZ weight = 1.67 x TZ measured volume - 24,768 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We found significative differences between TRUS measured volumes and real weight of surgical specimen. These differences could be corrected by simple formulas that allow to minimize the observed underestimations.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Correlation of immunohistochemical molecular staging of bladder biopsies and radical cystectomy specimens.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship of p53, retinoblastoma (RB), and p16 expression between precystectomy transurethral resection bladder (TURB) biopsy and matched cystectomy specimens; and to determine the value of p53 immunoreactivity for predicting progression and survival in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed p53 immunohistochemical staining on matched archival TURB and cystectomy specimens taken from 40 patients. Twenty-seven and 26 of these patients were also evaluated for RB and p16 expression, respectively. RESULTS: Twenty-eight (70%) of the TURB and 22 (55%) of the cystectomy specimens stained positive for p53. RB and p16 protein expression were altered in 19 (70%) and 19 (73%) of the TURB specimens, respectively, and 19 (70%) and 19 (73%) of the cystectomy specimens, respectively. There was a strong correlation between p53, RB, and p16 expression and TURB and cystectomy specimens (all p < 0.001). In preoperative and postoperative multivariate analyses, biopsy p53 and cystectomy p53 were independently associated with disease progression (p = 0.049 and p = 0.034, respectively) and bladder cancer-related death (p = 0.044 and p = 0.037, respectively). CONCLUSION: p53, RB, and p16 expression patterns on TURB specimens correlate with cystectomy specimens. p53 immunoreactivity is an independent predictor of disease progression and bladder cancer survival. These data support the potential of prognostic staging using immunohistochemical analysis on bladder biopsy specimens prior to neoadjuvant or definitive therapy.

Adult↗