Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SEROTHERAPY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment by plants of injuries caused by marine animals in New Caledonia. An approach of the indigenous treatment (author's transl)].

An approach by an ethnobotanist and a surgeon of the indigenous treatment of injuries caused by marine animals in New Caledony. Actually, the indigenous plants used are under pharmaco-chemical study. They seem to have a real efficiency against thermolabiles venoms, but the mechanism of their action is still unknown; there is no proof of any antidote action. Their efficiency may result from their mode of preparation and local application on the wounds, with a physical action neutralizing the venoms by chemical structure destabilization. Plants used to treat wounds caused by predators have demonstrated a good healing effect when associated with logic surgical tactic (wounds left unsutured). Nowadays, and in the expectation of further studies, severe cases require modern treatments with pathophysiologic bases, such as serotherapy when available or resuscitation technics. Antibiotics and surgery are an absolute requirement in case of septicemic condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Anticholinesterases and experimental envenomation by Naja.

Danger from snake bites, especially those of Elapidae, pose a public health problem in a large number of tropical and sub-tropical countries. Since the advent of serotherapy, the morality rate has decreased, but suitable sera are not always available, explaining the usefulness of developing symptomatic treatments. The present study is a test of the preventative and curative efficacy of anticholinesterases in the treatment of Naja haje haje venom envenomation. It is clearly shown that the early use of these products leads to a considerable increase in the LD50 in mice having undergone experimental envenomation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Therapeutic approaches in cutaneous lymphoma.

Standard therapy of the CTCL MF and SS consists of topical glucocorticosteroids, PUVA, topical chemotherapy, and total skin electron beam irradiation in stages Ia and IIa; local radiation or total skin electron beam irradiation in stage IIb; and systemic chemotherapy in stages III and IV. The experimental treatment modalities, interferon-alpha and retinoids, especially arotinoid, are most effective in early stages of CTCL; in advanced stages, the effectiveness can be increased by combination regimens. Up to now, the most promising results are obtained by combination therapy of interferon and PUVA. When serotherapy is considered as a therapeutic alternative for patients in stage IIb to IVb, the benefit/risk ratio must be carefully analyzed. Anti-thymocyte-globulin and monoclonal antibodies, either alone or conjugated to radioisotopes or toxin, have shown some therapeutic effect but are still under investigation. Extracorporal photopheresis is well established in erythrodermic patients. Initial reports also have shown encouraging results with this treatment for stage Ib and in combination with methotrexate or interferon. Hexadecylphosphocholine, a new, well-tolerated topical agent, induced a remission rate of 50%, with 25% complete remission in CTCL patients of stage Ia to IIb.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1994

[The reaction of rejection. Elements of diagnosis, surveillance, therapeutic attitude in cases of kidney grafts].

Allograft rejection reaction must be integrated within the general framework of alloreactivity, i.e. involving a huge T cell repertoire with a high number of alloreactive precursors. This reaction is modulated by the particular immunological state induced by chronic renal insufficiency, haemodialysis and primary kidney disease. The inefficiency of current immunosuppressive drugs is illustrated by the tendency towards chronic rejection, involving many growth factors. It must be noted that allo-stimulating cells are different from target cells. Therapeutical armamentarium currently involves corticosteroids and serotherapy, but it is hoped that new immunosuppressive drugs will increase the efficiency of rejection crisis treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Basic features of diphtheria (author's transl)].

The basic features of diphtheria, especially clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and therapy are set out insofar as they are important for the general practitioner. The doctor, not the bacteriologist, must make the diagnosis. Serotherapy must be begun as rapidly as possible, and in adequate dosage. The patients must be carefully watched over in the interests of early detection of possible complications. Rest in bed is required in every case for at least 3 to 4 weeks, longer if possible. Even mild "localized" forms can lead to toxic damage during the course or subsequently. In infants, diphtheria may run its course as the well-defined clinical picture of "diphtheria intoxication" of infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Ambulatory treatment without anesthesia of urinary lithiasis by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy: 7,000 cases].

Exposition of results and complications in 7,162 consecutive sessions with Shockwave Extracorporeal Lithotripsy (SWEL) applied to 3,950 lithiasis located at all levels of the urinary tract. These procedures have been performed without sedation or anaesthesia. Diuresis was not forced during or after treatment with serotherapy, mannitol, or diuretics. Treatment was conducted in an outpatients clinic in all cases. The treatment/lithiasis ratio in this initial series was 1.7. Following therapy, 7.09% of patients treated attended the emergency unit due to colic pain/fever. 3.60% of patients treated required hospitalization due to major complications: subcapsular-retroperitoneal haematoma, 9 cases; ureteral obstruction, 120 cases; septicemia, 22 cases; renal function annulment, 11 cases and death, 2 cases.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1995

Cross-reactive immunity against different strains of the hepatitis E virus transferable by simian and human sera.

Monkey infection with the hepatitis E virus induces protection. We confirm the humoral nature of this immunity and show that protection is effective against the homologous strain, as well as against heterologous strains isolated from Asian and African countries. However this immunity is incomplete since only the clinical disease seems to be prevented, while the virus is still excreted in stools and can even appear in blood as well after serotherapy as previous acute or occult infections. We obtained also a preliminary evidence that convalescent human sera are also efficient for the passive protection, indicating that seroprophylaxis of HEV hepatitis in pregnant women (20% of mortality during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy) should be attempted in the case of epidemics.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria in adults].

Diphtheria morbidity among adult population of Moscow is growing. The tests of different modes and schemes of heterogeneous antidiphtheria serum administration have found out that the highest efficacy of serotherapy was achieved with a single intravenous dose. Another treatment of diphtheria is hemosorption. Widely used in present-day clinical practice hemosorbents provide adequate elimination of the toxin from plasma. The authors analyse the present situation in clinical symptoms, complications, lethality of diphtheria basing on the data provided by S. P. Botkin's Hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Antibiotic resistance in pneumococci].

In 1875, 7 years prior to the description of the Koch bacillus, Klebs visualized the first Streptococcus pneumoniae in pleural fluid. Since then, this organism has played a decisive role in biomedical science. From a biological point of view, it was extensively involved in the development of passive and active immunization by serotherapy and vaccination respectively. Genetic transformation was also first observed in S. pneumoniae, leading to the discovery of DNA. From a clinical point of view, S. pneumoniae is today still a prime cause of otitis media in children and of pneumonia in all age groups, as well as a predominant cause of meningitis and bacteremia. In adults, bacteremia still has a mortality of over 25%. Although S. pneumoniae remained very sensitive to penicillin for many years, penicillin-resistant strains have emerged and increased dramatically over the last 15 years. During this period the frequency of penicillin-resistant isolates has increased from < or = 1% to frequencies varying from 20 to 60% in geographic areas as diverse as South Africa, Spain, France, Hungary, Iceland, Alaska, and numerous regions of the United States and South America. In Switzerland, the current frequency of penicillin-resistant pneumococci ranges between 5 and > or = 10%. The increase in penicillin-resistant pneumococci correlates with the intensive use of beta-lactam antibiotics. The mechanism of resistance is not due to bacterial production of penicillinase but to an alteration of the bacterial target of penicillin, the so-called penicillin-binding proteins. Resistance is subdivided into (1) intermediate level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] of penicillin of 0.1-1 mg/l) and (2) high level resistance (MCI > or = 2 mg/l). The clinical significance of intermediate resistance remains poorly defined. On the other hand, highly resistant strains have been responsible for numerous therapeutic failures, especially in cases of meningitis. Antibiotics recommended against penicillin-resistant pneumococci include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and in some instances vancomycin. However, penicillin-resistant pneumococci tend to present cross-resistances to all the antibiotics of the beta-lactam family and could even become resistant to the last resort drugs mentioned above. Thus, the explosion of resistance to penicillin in pneumococci is a ubiquitous phenomenon which must be fought against by (1) avoiding excessive use of antibiotics, (2) the practice of microbiological sampling of infected foci before treatment, (3) the systematic surveillance of resistance profiles of pneumococci against antibiotics and (4) adequate vaccination of populations at risk.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Envenomation by exotic snakes].

Snake bite envenoming in tropical areas affects an estimated one million people according to the World Health Organization. Two studies showed that annual mortality is between 30,000 and 50,000 people. Clinically cobra and viper envenoming are the most well known but several other snakes cause characteristic manifestations allowing species-specific diagnosis. Immuno-enzymatic tests are a useful diagnostic tool that is currently expanding but remains available only in developing countries because of cost. Treatment consists mainly of serotherapy in the most severe cases. Use of purified products and fragments active specifically on toxins and enzymes is both safer and more effective. Heparinotherapy should be used only when indicated by clinical manifestations and hemostasis testing. Management of envenoming must be organized in function of antivenom availabilities in a given region. Future improvements in immuno-enzymatic tests and antivenoms should allow more successful treatment of severe snake bite envenoming.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The clinico-electrocardiographic parallels in localized forms of oropharyngeal diphtheria in adults].

Clinical and ECG findings in 186 patients with local diphtheria of the oropharynx showed that cardiac pathology in local diphtheria patients is weak and short-term. In late diagnosis and missed serotherapy myocardial damage may be more serious and eventuate to myocarditis. Premorbid background (previous infections, chronic alcohol intoxication) presents as an additional risk of myocarditis in local diphtheria.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tetanus in Libreville: hospital analysis of 30 cases].

We investigated 34 cases of tetanus in patients younger than 75 years old in Libreville. We found that the incidence of tetanus was 8 cases for every million people. The disease mostly affected people younger than 50 (85%). Only two neonatal tetanus cases were reported. The death rate was 74%, despite the availability of intensive care and respiratory assistance. We stress the benefits of tetanus immunization, which must be continued, and suggest the use of intrathecal serotherapy for the cure of tetanus in Libreville.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Serologic therapy of tetanus in the United States, 1965-1971.

To study the influence of tetanus antitoxins on the outcome of human tatanus, we analyzed data on 545 cases reported to the Center for Disease Control from 1965 through 1971. Patients treated with antitoxin had a significantly lower case-fatality ratio than untreated patients, and the effect of serotherapy was not modified significantly by the age or race of the subjects. Antitoxin of equine origin and human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) were equally effective. The data on the effect of different doses of TIG suggest that 500 units may be as effective as the currently recommended therapeutic dose of 3,000 to 10,000 units. The importance of possible bias introduced by unmeasured factors such as quality of supportive therapy could not be determined, but confounding by 11 recorded potentially confounding factors was minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A retrospective Dutch study comparing T cell-depleted allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation vs T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Retrospectively, a cohort of 43 hematological patients receiving an allogeneic T cell-depleted (TCD)-PBSCT between 1994 and 1997, was compared to a cohort of 435 patients, who received an allogeneic TCD-BMT between 1990 and 1996. Both cohorts were comparable with respect to diagnosis, risk status, age and sex. PB grafts contained four to five times more hematopoietic progenitor cells and T cells as compared to BM grafts. T cell depletion was performed by either elutriation, CD34 selection, E-rosetting, or Campath serotherapy. Conditioning was cyclophosphamide/TBI in the majority of patients of both cohorts. All patients received cyclosporin A as GVHD prophylaxis until day 90 post-transplant. Engraftment was significantly faster in the PBPCT cohort with a median time to neutrophil recovery (>0.5 x 10(9)/l) of 16 vs 21 days in the BMT cohort (P = 0.0009). Platelet recovery to 50 x 10(9)/l was 16 vs 34 days for the PB and BM cohort respectively (P < 0.0001). A median percentage of 76% of BMT patients recovered to 50 within 100 days post-BMT vs 91% of patients receiving a PB graft. The incidence of acute GVHD grades II, III and IV was similar in both cohorts. In contrast, the probability of developing chronic GVHD was 21% in the BM cohort vs 37% in the PB cohort. Relapse incidence was reduced in the PB cohort (9 vs 29%), while treatment-related mortality was not different for both cohorts. These favorable results require confirmation by a prospective randomized trial, which is currently being performed by several European centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Muc-1 core protein is expressed on multiple myeloma cells and is induced by dexamethasone.

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that selectively identify Muc-1 core protein (MoAbs DF3-P, VU-4H5) determinants were used to identify the Muc-1 glycoform present on 7 multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, 5 MM patient plasma cells, 12 MM patient B cells, as well as 32 non-MM cell lines and normal hematopoietic cells. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that all MM cell lines, MM patient plasma cells, and MM patient B cells expressed Muc-1 core protein epitopes. Circulating B cells from 4 normal donors also expressed Muc-1 core protein. In contrast, Muc-1 core protein was absent on 28 of 32 non-MM neoplastic cell lines, 17 of which expressed Muc-1. Splenic and tonsillar B cells, CD34(+) stem cells, resting T cells, and bone marrow plasma cells obtained from normal donors both lacked Muc-1 glycoforms. We next studied the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptor agonists and antagonists on Muc-1 expression, because consensus sequences for the response elements of these steroids are present on the Muc-1 gene promoter. These studies showed that dexamethasone (Dex) induced Muc-1 expression on MM cell lines, as determined by both flow cytometry and Western blot analyses. Dex also induced upregulation of Muc-1 on prostate and ovarian cancer cell lines. Time and dose-response studies demonstrated that Dex induced maximal cell surface Muc-1 expression by 24 hours at concentrations of 10(-8) mol/L. Dex induced Muc-1 upregulation could be blocked with a 10-fold excess of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486, confirming that Dex was acting via the glucocorticoid receptor. No changes in Muc-1 expression were observed on MM cells treated with estrogen and progesterone receptor agonists and antagonists or with RU486. These studies provide the framework for targeting Muc-1 core protein in vaccination and serotherapy trials in MM. In addition, the finding that Muc-1 expression on MM cells can be augmented by Dex at pharmacologically achievable levels suggests their potential utility in enhancing treatments targeting Muc-1 in MM.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed2025

Impact of High-Titer Convalescent Plasma on Clinical and Virologic Outcomes Among Veterans Hospitalized With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: VA CoronavirUs Research and Efficacy Studies-1 (VA CURES-1).

In the initial absence of proven therapies, empirical COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was rapidly introduced for individuals hospitalized for COVID-19. Seventy-five participants were randomized from November 2020 to June 2021 in a double-blind, multi-site, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (VA CURES-1) evaluating the impact of CCP vs. saline in Veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 with hypoxemia. The composite primary outcome was acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or all-cause death by Day 29. We analyzed clinical outcomes, nasal viral RNA, plasma cytokines and viral evolution over time. Among 40 participants receiving saline and 35 receiving CCP with high neutralizing titers (median 1:1420), the percent reaching the primary outcome was similar (10%), as were time to clinical recovery and to nasal viral clearance. By whole genome sequencing, viral molecular complexity evolved pre- to posttreatment more frequently in recipients of saline vs. CCP (4 of 7 (57.1%) vs. 1 of 4 (25%), respectively), based on numbers of mixed allele positions. Numbers of amino acid-changing, non-synonymous mutations in the spike protein were greater in saline vs. CCP recipients. Both outcomes suggested purifying selection (reduced overall viral infection complexity) following CCP. In conclusion, convalescent plasma showed no significant clinical impact but may influence SARS-CoV-2 complexity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04539275.

Aged↗