Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SENSATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Sensation seeking and alcohol use as markers of sexual transmission risk behavior in HIV-positive men.

Alcohol use and sensation-seeking personality characteristics are commonly associated with sexual risk behavior in populations at risk for HIV infection. However, these associations are not well understood and have not yet been examined in people living with HIV-AIDS. We used path analyses to test a model of sensation seeking, alcohol use expectancies, and sexual risk behaviors among 197 HIV seropositive men. Results showed that alcohol use outcome expectancies and alcohol used in sexual contexts were closely associated with unprotected intercourse and that sensation seeking was significantly related to alcohol use expectancies. Sensation seeking did not mediate the association between alcohol use and unprotected sexual behavior. Further analyses showed that the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use in unprotected sexual contexts was accounted for by expectancies that alcohol use improves sexual performance and enhances sexual pleasure. Analyses also indicated that men living with HIV-AIDS who used alcohol in sexual contexts were characterized by greater overall frequency and quantity of drinking. Prevention interventions may be improved by tailoring them for alcohol-using HIV-infected men, particularly by challenging beliefs and expectations that alcohol enhances sexual performance and sexual pleasure.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Measuring volunteers for exciting psychology experiments with the Sensation-Seeking Scale.

The sensation-seeking motive was first operationalized by Zuckerman, Kolin, Price, and Zoob (1964) with the development of the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS). One area of applied research in which the SSS has been used is the study of volunteering. In this area, evidence suggests that high-sensation seekers volunteer for exciting activities more often than low-sensation seekers, but not for unexciting activities. However, a problem with this research is that no empirical data has been obtained related to the subject's belief of the exciting nature of the activities. In this study, college students were given the most recent form of the SSS and were asked to volunteer for either or both of two studies. SSS scores were higher, p less than .05, for volunteers than for nonvolunteers for a study that subjects rated as exciting, but did not differ for a study that subjects rated as unexciting. This demonstrates that volunteers for exciting studies, but not volunteers for unexciting studies, tend to be higher sensation seekers than nonvolunteers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Attenuation of self-generated tactile sensations is predictive, not postdictive.

When one finger touches the other, the resulting tactile sensation is perceived as weaker than the same stimulus externally imposed. This attenuation of sensation could result from a predictive process that subtracts the expected sensory consequences of the action, or from a postdictive process that alters the perception of sensations that are judged after the event to be self-generated. In this study we observe attenuation even when the fingers unexpectedly fail to make contact, supporting a predictive process. This predictive attenuation of self-generated sensation may have evolved to enhance the perception of sensations with an external cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Measuring vibration sensations with graduated tuning fork. Simple and reliable means to detect diabetic patients at risk of neuropathic foot ulceration.

To find a simple and reliable means to measure vibration sensations, 189 diabetic patients and 88 control subjects were tested at different sites with a graduated tuning fork. Within-test variation at big toes reached 8.4% in diabetic patients vs. 2.2% in control subjects. Mean contralateral variation was 7.5% in diabetic patients vs. 2.5% in control subjects. Tuning-fork sensations were inversely correlated with duration of diabetes, whereas no correlation was found with HBA1c levels or the severity of retinopathy. Ninety-nine (52%) patients had vibratory sensation at big toes of less than 99th percentile of normal values for age. In addition, 51% of the patients with clinical symptoms at extremities (n = 67), 70% of the patients without tendon reflexes (n = 50), and 75% of the patients with abnormal nerve conduction velocities (n = 60) also had low vibration sensations. All patients with lower-limb injuries (n = 7) had values at big toes of less than 2. Altogether, the graduated tuning fork represents a simple and reliable alternative to quantitate vibration sensations. Long-term follow-up of asymptomatic patients will indicate whether these abnormalities reflect underlying neuropathy. Patients with abnormal values at screening will necessitate additional investigations and special foot-care education programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Magnitude estimation and magnitude production: stimulus frequency effects on magnitudes of lingual vibrotactile sensation.

The methods of magnitude estimation and magnitude production were employed to investigate the effects of stimulus frequency on supra-threshold lingual-vibrotactile sensation-magnitude functions. The method of magnitude estimation was used to obtain numerical judgments of sensation magnitudes for nine stimulus intensities presented to the anterior dorsum of the tongue. The vibrotactile stimulus frequencies employed for 10 subjects (M age = 21.1 yr.) were 100, 250, and 400 Hz. The numerical responses obtained during the magnitude-estimation task were in turn used as stimuli to obtain magnitude-production values for the same three vibrotactile stimulus frequencies. The results appeared to present two suggestions. First, the effects of stimulus frequency on lingual vibrotactile-sensation magnitudes may be dependent on the psychophysical method used in any particular experiment. Second, lingual-vibrotactile magnitude-estimation scales may demonstrate asymptotic growth functions above about 25 dB sensation level. The limitation in the growth of sensation magnitude occurred for all three vibrotactile stimulus frequencies employed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Generation and sex differences in sensation seeking: results of the family study.

Previous research regarding sex and age differences for sensation seeking in English, American, Canadian, and Australian samples showed clear sex differences and a decline of sensation seeking across ages. The 1978 Form V of the Sensation Seeking Scale was administered to a Croatian sample of 151 high school students and their 226 parents. Analysis showed that parents had lower mean scores than their children, consistent with the hypothesis that sensation seeking declines with age. Male subjects scored higher on the total Sensation Seeking, and Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Disinhibition, and Boredom Susceptibility subscales than female subjects, while there was no difference between male and female subjects on the Experience Seeking scale. Also, several sex-by-generation interactions were significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The influence of rate of skin indentation on threshold and suprathreshold tactile sensations.

The effects of skin indentation depth and rate on threshold and suprathreshold tactile sensations were investigated. Indentation rates between 0.3 and 10 mm/sec had little effect on the absolute tactile thresholds measured in terms of indentation depth. Slower rates resulted in increased absolute thresholds. Estimates of the growth in intensity of tactile sensations were made as functions of indentation depth and rate. The fastest rate used (10 mm/sec), for a given depth of indentation, produced the most intense sensation; the slowest (0.1 mm/sec), the least intense sensation. The tactile sensation magnitude estimates, with rate as the parameter, could be described by power functions. At the slowest indentation rate the exponent of the function was 1.36. At faster indentation rates (0.4, 1.0, and 10 mm/sec), two functions of markedly different slopes were required to describe the estimates. The exponents of the power functions were between 0.38 and 0.49 for indentation depths up to about 0.9 mm, and between 1.07 and 1.43 for deeper indentation depths.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Peer networks and sensation seeking: some implications for primary socialization theory.

This article draws on recent work in sensation seeking and peer influences in drug use prevention and considers some possible implications for primary socialization theory. A particular point of focus is a postulate of the theory that an individual's personal characteristics and personality traits do not directly relate to drug use and deviance but ordinarily influence those outcomes only when they affect interactions between the individual and the primary socialization sources. The article suggests a more broadly encompassing perspective which holds that socialization learning through the primary socialization sources gives people's lives direction; it may be the tugs of activation needs which provide impetus for the actions. The authors cite a recent study in which they developed a structural equation model of influence of individual and peer variables on later alcohol and marijuana use. The model indicates an indirect route from individual sensation seeking through peers to drug and alcohol use, with adolescents picking persons of similar sensation-seeking levels, and the sensation-seeking level of these peers tending to influence alcohol and marijuana use. Although previous studies have suggested causal relationships between sensation seeking and drug use and between peer influence and drug use, the findings in this study suggest that the actual process involves both. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]

Exploratory Behavior↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship of respiratory muscle fatigue and respiratory effort sensation: mechanisms and treatment].

We investigated whether fatigue of the expiratory muscle may account for a change in the respiratory effort sensation in normal subjects. We also examined the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and a beta 2-agonist, fenoterol, on respiratory effort sensation during loaded breathing. Experiment 1: Expiratory threshold loading was performed until exhaustion or 30 min, to induce expiratory muscle fatigue. The respiratory effort sensation was scored using a modified Borg scale. The maximum static expiratory pressure during loading (PEmaxload) decreased with time, and the Borg score rose with time. The relationship between the sensory score and PEmaxload was virtually linear. Experiment 2: Twice daily, IMT was performed using a pressure threshold device for 15 min in each session. The inspiratory threshold was set to 30% of each subject's maximum inspiratory pressure (Plmax) and IMT was continued for 4 weeks. Respiratory sensation (Borg score) was evaluated during a progressive exercise test. IMT increased inspiratory muscle pressure by 30%. However, there was no change in Borg score during the exercise test. Experiment 3: Fenoterol (5 mg) was given 2 hours before the inspiratory threshold loading, and then threshold loaded breathing was continued until exhaustion or 60 min. Endurance time increased by 50% in fenoterol group compared to placebo group. The increase in Borg score with time was less in fenoterol group than in placebo group. The decrease in respiratory muscle strength after loading was comparable in both groups. We conclude that the increased respiratory effort sensation during expiratory threshold loading is closely related to expiratory muscle fatigue as indicated by the decrease in expiratory muscle force.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dyspnea↗
PubMed2003

[Phantom vision sensation].

The paper presents the phenomenon of phantom sensation including in particular, a phantom vision. These unusual sensations occur among the blind (or almost blind) and are characterised by the perception of various visual impressions, for example, light, geometrical shapes, buildings, people, flowers etc. The paper presents views explaining the generation of phantom vision. According to Melzack's theory, the occurrence of these sensations is explained in relation to the phenomenon of transforming the neuro-activity of the brain in a specific--for each organ--neuronal network called neuromatrix. Even if some organs do exist but have ceased to function completely (or to a significant degree) and consequently the brain does not receive any sensory stimuli from them, the neuromatrix in brain can generate visual sensations constituting the phantom vision phenomenon. The article also includes commentaries on such visual and mental sensations like hallucinations, Pick's visions and so called "scotoma of the leg".

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Friends, porn, and punk: sensation seeking in personal relationships, internet activities, and music preference among college students.

One hundred thirty-eight college students completed a questionnaire assessing level of sensation seeking, number of close and casual friends, Internet usage, liking certain styles of music, and genre of music listened to most often. It was found that the number of casual and close friends was positively associated with sensation seeking. Individuals who reported using the Internet to get sex-oriented material, download or play music, play games, and chat/instant message with friends in the previous 24 hours had higher levels of sensation seeking. Liking punk, heavy metal, and reggae music were related to higher levels of sensation seeking. Higher sensation seeking was also associated with spending more time listening to punk music.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Sensation-seeking behavior and the incidence of spinal cord injury.

Professionals in the rehabilitation field differ in their conceptualization of the role of premorbid personality factors as related to risk behavior and incidence of traumatic injury. Some hold that specific premorbid personality traits can be identified for the spinal cord injured population; others argue that no one personality trait or specific combination of traits is descriptive of this heterogeneous population. This study explores the relationship between the sensation-seeking behavioral patterns and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) was administered to 56 patients with spinal cord injury (50 males and 6 females) between the ages of 16 and 50. A description of the incident causing injury was obtained for all 56 patients and subsequently rated by non-medical judges on a dimension of prudence-imprudence. No significant correlations were found between sensation-seeking scores and rated prudence of onset of injury, and sensation-seeking scores were no higher for SCI patients than for a comparable normal population. These findings indicate that spinal cord injury is not related to sensation-seeking, and, more generally, support the view that no premorbid personality trait distinguishes the SCI population from the normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Peripheral neural correlates of temperature sensations in man.

The present paper describes recent advances in our knowledge on human sensations as correlated to neural activity in specific (thermal) and non-specific (mechanothermal) skin afferents. In this respect, considerable progress has been achieved by technical developments of microelectrodes that allow the percutaneous recording of single fiber activity of myelinated and of unmyelinated skin afferents from conscious human subjects. Psychophysical and neurophysiological measurements have been performed to identify possible neural correlates of static and dynamic temperature sensations, heat sensation and paradoxical thermal sensations. The functional role of temperature sensitive mechanoreceptors is discussed. These correlations between thermal sensations and neural events in man may be regarded as first approximations since, at the present time, quantitative neural data are based only on small populations of primary thermal afferents.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1993

Phantom sensation, phantom pain, and stump pain.

Phantom sensation, phantom pain, and stump pain have been known since antiquity. For millenia, sensations in the missing body part were thought to be of psychic origin. During this century the psychic explanations have gradually given way to physiological explanations. However, these have been tenuous hypotheses that have poorly explained the reported symptoms. This history is reviewed here. It is now believed that phantom pain probably originated in the pain transmitting neurons of the dorsal horn. This has led to significant advances in the treatment of this disorder. It is now thought that phantom sensation is best explained as a sensory emgram or a part of the neuomatrix as purposed in 1989 by Melzack. This hypothesis is in agreement with newer theories of brain function. The differential diagnosis and treatment of stump pain are also reviewed. There is no current treatment for phantom sensation. The treatment of phantom pain and stump pain must be part of a more comprehensive rehabilitation program aimed at restoration of function in all spheres of the individual's life. Discussion of the role of "phantom" sensation and pain in the spinal cord injured is also presented.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMed1997

[Diabetic neuropathy: thermal sensation and metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetics].

BACKGROUND: The early detection of peripheral neuropathy in diabetics is important since it is the main risk factor for lower limb trophic lesions in diabetics. AIM: To assess the relationship between feet thermal sensation threshold and metabolic control in ambulatory non-insulin-dependent diabetics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A random sample of 34 non-insulin-dependent diabetics followed for more than five years in a special clinic, out of 368 patients, was selected. Warmth sensation thresholds were measured in the dorsum of both feet using a MSTP-III thermostimulator. The average value of all glycosylated hemoglobins obtained during the 9.7 +/- 5.3 years of follow up for each patient was calculated. A multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed between thermal sensation as the dependent variable and glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, age and diabetes duration. RESULTS: The regression model disclosed glycosylated hemoglobin as the only independent predictor of warmth sensation threshold (partial r = 0.385; p = 0.043). Fifteen diabetic patients with good metabolic control, defined as those with a mean glycosylated hemoglobin of less than 9.5%, had a warmth sensation threshold of 35.6 +/- 3.7 degrees C, whereas 19 diabetics with a had control (glycosylated hemoglobin > or = 9.5%) had a threshold of 39 +/- 3.8 degrees C (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: In this group of diabetics, there is a relationship between the severity of distal polyneuropathy and the metabolic control, assessed with glycosylated hemoglobin levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Faecal incontinence associated with reduced pelvic sensation.

Eight patients with faecal incontinence associated with high threshold of rectal sensation are described. All had a normal anal sphincter on clinical and physiological assessment including anal manometry, pudendal nerve latency estimation and single fibre electromyography. In each case however rectal sensation was abnormal. The threshold of rectal sensation was 143 +/- 33 ml (range 110-200 ml) compared with control values of 39 +/- 14 ml (range 25-65 ml) (P less than 0.005) in 12 normal age-matched individuals. The degree of rectal distension required to initiate the recto-anal reflex was no different in the incontinent patients (19 ml, range 15-25 ml, compared with 22 ml, range 15-30 ml, in the controls). There was also no difference in the maximal tolerated volume of rectal distension between the groups (291 +/- 87 ml and 279 +/- 91 ml respectively). These observations may have defined a small group of patients with incontinence in whom an abnormality of rectal sensation rather than sphincter incompetence could be a part of the pathophysiological disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sensation information, self-instruction and responses to dental surgery.

The interaction effects of presurgery anxiety and two intervention strategies upon adjustment during dental surgery were examined. Patients undergoing gingivectomy (N = 113) were randomly assigned to one of four information groups: sensation, self-instruction, combined sensation and self-instruction, or control; and separated according to level of trait and state anxiety. Results showed an interaction effect between the information conditions and state anxiety (p less than .05). Compared with the control group, high state anxiety subjects reported less tension (p less than .05) and distress (p less than .05) after receiving sensation information; less tension (p less than .005) after receiving self-instruction information; and increased positive self-statements (p less than .05) with the combined information. Low-state anxiety subjects showed negative treatment effects; sensation information alone (p less than .001) or combined with self-instruction (p less than .01) reduced the number of reported positive self-statements.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome with loss of pain and temperature sensation on the contralateral face: clinical, MRI and electrophysiological studies.

Thirteen patients with Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome (WLMS) were studied. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence demonstrated infarction in the dorsolateral medulla which produced loss of pain and temperature sensation on one side of the face ipsilateral to the lesion in seven patients. However, in another six patients, the infarction in a similar location produced the same sensory loss on the contralateral face. This is the first report of an analysis comparing these two conditions in WLMS patients, confirmed by MRI. The finding of normal blink reflex and somatosensory evoked potentials (stimulation on median nerve) in the two groups of patients may indicate that the impulses travel along the central pathways of touch, vibration and joint position sensation instead of the pathways for pain and temperature, because the patients had normal sensation of touch, vibration and joint position but impairment of pain and temperature sensation. In addition, it is suggested that the pathways of late blink reflex (R2) pass through the medial lemniscus in the ventromedial medulla instead of the spinal trigeminal tract in the dorsolateral medulla. Further, the observation of the much longer lantencies (about 29 ms) of the normal R2 raises the possibility that the impulses may travel along the longer pathways through the opposite medial lemniscus and up to the thalamus or cortex where they project to bilateral motoneurons of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Although the alternative of R2 travelling only by the shorter pathways through the brain stem is not excluded, this is not supported by current data.

Adult↗