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Results for “Psychosexual Development”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A developmental approach to sexuality education: implications for medical practice.

Medical professionals are increasingly expected to address issues of sexuality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with young patients and their parents. Focus group interviews were conducted with parents (n = 43) and adolescents (n = 800) to determine the preferred physician role regarding families and sexual development. Parents believed that a physician was an appropriate expert to assist in preventing negative risk behaviors (e.g., drugs, alcohol, sexual intercourse) and emphasized the importance of the physician developing a comfortable relationship early on with parents and youth to allow for reciprocal dialogue about sensitive topics. Parents also commented that physicians generally appeared uncomfortable when discussing personal issues (viz., sexuality) and frequently lacked communication skills (e.g., use of open-ended questions or statements) to foster conversation. Youth identified physicians as a logical source of information about sexuality but felt hesitant to ask questions that might prompt value-based discussion. Youth also expressed concern about confidentiality in the doctor-patient relationship. Adolescents desired physicians to be more "askable" than they are perceived to be. Guidelines are offered for strengthening office interactions and improving communication skills.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Female adolescents' compliance with contraceptive regimens.

Although today's adolescents have access to a variety of contraceptive options, they remain inconsistent and suboptimal users of these methods. A particularly frustrating problem for those caring for adolescents is the issue of noncompliance with contraceptives, which is an important antecedent of adolescent pregnancy. In the future, new fertility-related developments such as subdermal hormonal implants may reduce the likelihood of noncompliance. For the present, however, systematic monitoring rather than only when noncompliance is suspected is essential in enhancing adolescents' contraceptive compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Peer to peer sexual harassment in early adolescence: a developmental perspective.

The goal of this study was to examine sexual harassment in early adolescence. Available data indicate that peer to peer sexual harassment is prevalent in high school and is associated with psychosocial problems for both victims and perpetrators. For the present study, we adopted a developmental contextual model to examine the possibility that this behavior develops during the late elementary and middle school years and is linked to the biological and social changes that occur at this time. Youths from Grades 6-8 (N = 1,213) enrolled in seven elementary and middle schools in a large south-central Canadian city were asked to report on their sexual harassment behaviors with same- and cross-gender peers; their pubertal development, and the gender composition of their peer network. The results revealed that cross-gender harassment was distinct from same-gender harassment, increased in frequency from Grade 6 to Grade 8, and was linked to pubertal maturation and participation in mixed-gender peer groups. The implications of a developmental contextual model for understanding the emergence of this problematic behavior in adolescence are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Social dating goals in late adolescence: implications for safer sexual activity.

This research examined 2 age-typical goals that adolescents may pursue in social dating (intimacy goals related to open communication and mutual dependence and identity goals related to self-reliance and self-exploration) and the implications of these different goal sets for responsiveness to educational and daily life situations. Education about safer sexual activity that emphasized interpersonal communication skills was more effective in increasing intentions regarding safer sex for adolescents with predominant intimacy goals in dating, whereas education that focused on technical skills was more effective for those with predominant identity goals. Adolescents were also less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior when they were in dating situations that encouraged goal-relevant activities for ensuring safer sex. Discussion focuses on the dynamics within the broader bidirectional fit between personal goals and situational affordances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The psychoanalyst of the adolescent.

The adolescent who comes for psychoanalytic treatment has probably experienced a developmental breakdown-a rejection of his or her body and a distorted image of himself or herself as being male or female. A critical requisite for work with such adolescents is an understanding of one's own adolescent development. The internal freedom of the psychoanalyst is an essential ingredient in the treatment of the adolescent. This means that the psychoanalyst of the adolescent can separate his own sexual life and thoughts from what is lived out in the analytic sessions and thus can ensure that the treatment will confront whatever is essential and that he will avoid deriving gratification from the treatment process through taking over the adolescent's body or feeling that he is secretly sharing the intimacies of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Conflict and compromise in gender identity formation. A longitudinal study.

The aims of this paper are twofold. The first aim is to show the complexity of the determinants leading to gender identity formation via the longitudinal study of one female research subject over 33 years. Focus is on the origins, meanings and functions of masculine character traits accrued at each phase of development. The second aim is to show that character formation begins early in the second year of life and that early patterns have a certain continuity with adult character despite reorganizations of the oedipal phase and subsequent contributions from each phase of development. Discussion focuses on the complicated nature of female gender identity formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Anorexia nervosa and Turner's syndrome.

Publications about Turner's syndrome and anorexia nervosa are extremely rare. All of them, including a new case, are listed up and discussed under psychodynamic aspects. The conclusions drawn from these 21 cases might be essential for genetic counseling, hormonal treatment and psychotherapy in Turner's syndrome. (1) There is a connection between the beginning of the hormonal treatment and the onset of anorexia nervosa in Turner's syndrome. The anxiety during hormonal treatment is due to sexual feelings and the confrontation with the gender role. As the manifestation of anorexia nervosa ought to be taken into account the beginning of a hormonal treatment should be decided in individual context. (2) The early childhood of girls with Turner's syndrome is striking with respect to psychosocial constellations. Short stature and other deficits mean narcissistic wounds. Therefore understanding and affectionate parents are most important to them as they particularly suffer from conflicts with the family.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The phallic child: its emergence and meaning in a clinical setting.

The nature of the drive toward forming and maintaining intense attachments with other human beings has been examined in the light of case material from the play therapy sessions of a ten-year-old boy. The primary question addressed concerns the relationship of the attachment drive to other drive systems. Freudian theory, object relations theory, and attachment theory present competing paradigms for understanding the relationship between the drives. The Freudian paradigm sees human attachment as derivative from other drives, especially the sexual drive. In developing his attachment theory, Bowlby broke from the classical Freudian view. He postulated attachment as a primary and autonomous drive. Object relations theory, by contrast, sees sexuality as one manifestation of a more fundamental drive that is intrinsically relationship seeking. Each of these traditions has contributed to our understanding of human reality. A careful examination of the clinical material, however, strongly suggests that a drive toward relationship is intrinsic to libidinal energy. It is therefore concluded that the understanding of the relationship between the drives based on object relations theory provides us with the most adequate framework within which to understand the clinical material.

Adoption↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent sexual offenders: a self-psychological perspective.

Following a request for assistance in formulating a treatment philosophy for adolescent sexual offenders, a qualitative study of seven adolescent offenders was designed with a view to elaborating pre-offense, and post-offense dynamics. The point of departure was the hypothesis that sexual offending had relation to object relations. It was further hypothesized that offenders' object relations and self-development had been disfigured in childhood and adolescent development. The developmental theories of Mahler, Stern, Winnicott, and Kohut were reviewed in order to shed light on the connection between disfigured self-development and sexual offending. Mahler's work suggested that anomalies during the separation-individuation process were heavily implicated. Winnicott's thinking on transitional functioning in potential space and his employment of the concepts of the true self and false self were especially useful. These bodies of work were assimilated to Kohut's theory of self development in which three nuclear sectors of the self, namely, the grandiose-exhibitionistic sector, the idealizing-voyeuristic sector, and the twinship-alterego sector, gradually coalesce and cohere through the moderating influence of parental empathy with the child's developmental tasks. Where such empathy is unforthcoming, or when the normal parental functions are obliterated by traumatic experiences of abuse, unmoderated needs for exhibitionism and voyeurism continue through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Victims of sexual offending were hypothesized to perform functions of restoration and preservation of a chronically weak and threatened self. The sample's interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed and aggregated. Analysis suggested that, indeed, offenses appeared to have been motivated to preserve a weakened sense of self and that the thoughts and perceptions surrounding the offenses resonated with expressions of problematic separation from parental objects. In addition, it was noted that in the post-offense period, offenders had become subject to close supervision, or proctoring, from both formal and informal systems. In close supervision, offenders tended to rapidly crystallize a foreclosed, negative, deviant sexual identity in defense of unmoderated narcissism. Other observations were that intrafamilial offending was consistent with enmeshment in the family, adjudication and apparent treatment readiness, while extrafamilial offending was consistent with exclusion from the family, no adjudication and resistance to treatment.

Adolescent↗