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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

DNA single strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes associated with urinary thiodiglycolic acid levels in polyvinyl chloride workers.

The association between vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) exposure and DNA damage has been established. However, the relationship between individual exposure and DNA single strand breaks was limited. Since environmental monitoring may not reflect the actual exposure, a useful marker of exposure is needed to assess the individual exposure. In our previous study, we have found a high correlation between air VCM level and urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA) at the commencement of the next shift. Here, we further used comet assay to evaluate the relationship between urinary TdGA levels and DNA single strand breaks in polyvinyl chloride monomer (PVC) workers. Urinary TdGA levels (n=26) at the commencement of the following shift were analyzed. Ten of the 26 workers also had personal air sampling for air VCM exposure. Questionnaires were administered to obtain epidemiological information including detailed history of occupation and lifestyles. Workers experiencing air VCM level greater than 5 ppm had higher tail moment and tail intensity (%) than those experiencing VCM exposure between 1 and 5, or <1 ppm, respectively (P < 0.05). The results also revealed that level of DNA single strand breaks, including tail moment and tail intensity, were increased with urinary TdGA level. The dose-response relationship of urinary TdGA level and DNA single strand breaks was particularly significant among the workers with 4 mg/g Cr of urinary TdGA level, which is equivalent to 5 ppm air VCM level. We concluded that air VCM exposure greater than 5 ppm could induce DNA damage. Further sensitive assay should be developed for the diction of DNA damage when air VCM exposure below 5 ppm.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1977

The release of plasticizer from polyvinyl chloride haemodialysis tubing.

The extent of migration of plasticizer from haemodialysis lines into saline and plasma has been examined and a number of different types of tubing have been compared. A model system designed to simulate in vivo haemodialysis was evolved. The method uses a continuous cyclohexane extraction in order to mimic uptake of plasticizer by body tissues. Although not an ideal system, the results obtained are indicative of the extent to which the plasticizers are leached.

Adipates↗
PubMed1980

[Evaluation of the work environment in polyvinyl chloride plants].

Working environment has been evaluated in PVC plants by air analysis for vinyl chloride concentration. The vinyl chloride emission has been found to vary with the production stage. It has been demonstrated that in the first year of the production, VC airborne concentration largely promoted the risk of developing occupational diseases. The present work conditions may be regarded as admissible and safe. This results from some technological modifications aimed at the reduction of VC emission into the ambient air.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1975

Mortality study of workers in a polyvinyl-chloride production plant.

Age-standardised mortality-rates for a population of 2100 male workers exposed to vinyl chloride for periods of up to 27 years do not show any excess of total or cause-specific mortality. 1 case of angiosarcoma of the liver was identified just outside the study period. There was no suggestion of an increased frequency of deaths from the more common malignant diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Capillary abnormalities in polyvinyl chloride production workers. Examination by in vivo microscopy.

Examination by wide-field capillary microscopy of the hands of 152 workers in vinyl chloride (VC) polymerization plants demonstrated scattered, scleroderma-like microvascular abnormalities in 21 workers and isolated capillary abnormalities in 27, as compared with only three isolated abnormalities in 50 manual workers not exposed to vinyl chloride. Thirteen of 17 VC workers with objective evidence of VC-associated abnormalities (angiosarcoma or fibrosis of liver, acroosteolysis, or scleroderma-like skin lesions) were observed to have microvascular abnormalities. If prospective studies confirm the implications of this study, capillary microscopy may become a useful mass-screening procedure in the early detection and prevention of VC-associated disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Application of control technology developed in the polyvinyl chloride industry to polymerization processes using acrylonitrile.

Polymerization processes for PVC are sufficiently similar to acrylonitrile polymerization processes to allow a significant transfer of control technology. This transfer should be of value to manufacturers of polyacrylonitrile, ABS/SAN resins, nitrile elastomer and latex who will need to install extensive additional controls to comply with the new permanent standard for acrylonitrile scheduled to be issued by OSHA in late 1978. Control strategies and individual controls developed to limit worker exposure in the PVC industry are described and evaluated relative to applicability to acrylonitrile polymerization processes.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1975

Hematogenous dissemination of ingested polyvinyl chloride particles.

Persorption of large, hard, insoluble, solid particles in micrometer size range is observed with regularity. It is a normal biological effect on the food passage through the intestine. Persorbability of particles is determined by the size of the particles and by their consistency and hardness. PVC particles in micrometer size range are very suitable as models to study persorbability in animals and the hematogenous dissemination of PVC particles. After oral administration of PVC particles to animals, many PVC particles can be found in the blood. Through the bloodsteam they are disseminated in all organs, where individual particles can be found for a long time later.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Environmental dust in a plant for the production of polyvinyl chloride].

The results of an investigation on environmental dust concentration and individual dust exposure in a drying and sacking section of an "emulsion" and "suspension" PVC plant are reported; data on environmental concentration and individual dust exposure have been obtained by gravimetric techniques using similar personal and static dust samplers. Morphology and particle size distribution have been studied by electron microscopy on airborne dust specimens. Morphological analysis showed remarkable differences concerning shape and size between particles sampled in the "suspension" polymer and "emulsion" polymer sacking sections. Remarkably high mean values concerning dustness have been observed: 1.30 mg/m3 (min. 0.15; max. 18.4 mg/m3) for environmental concentration and 5.39 mg/m3 (min. 0.28; max. 45.6 mg/m3) for individual exposure.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of occupational risk for workers producing polyvinyl chloride resin pipes, profiles and fixtures].

Studies are performed on work and hygienic conditions in the production of pipes, profiles and fittings from polyvinylchloride resin, in relation to the toxic factor. Concentrations above TLV are established for vinylchloride, vinylchloride resin dust, phthalates and lead aerosols. Complex clinico-laboratory examinations are carried out on 133 workers, as special attention is paid to the nervous system, liver function, cardio-vascular system and the skeleton system. In 15 workers are established data for toxic effect of vinylchloride, and in other 5 workers - toxic pneumosclerosis, which is a result both from vinylchloride and vinylchloride resin dust. Hygienic and medico-preventive measures are developed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1983

Nailfolds capillary abnormalities in polyvinyl chloride production workers.

In an unselected group of 120 Polish employees of a PCV production plant, nailfold capillaroscopic as well as general medical examination and some laboratory investigations (serum paper electrophoresis, IgA, IgG, IgM immunoglobulin concentration) were performed. Capillary abnormalities were seen in 48 persons (40%). No correlation with the length of occupational exposure, age and immunoglobulin concentration was found. The most frequent capillary patterns were the following: spastic changes with atonic component (18X) with giant Raynaud's loops in 10 of them, discrete spastic abnormalities (15X), scleroderma-like picture (12X) with a prevalence of short scattered capillaries and disarrangement of polarity. The percentage of persons with capillary abnormalities in this study (40%) is very similar to results described by Maricq (1976, 1978) in England (39.5%) and in the USA (36%).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental substantiation of the maximum permissible concentration (MAC) of polyvinyl chloride resin].

The acute and chronic oral, dermal and inhalatory toxicity of PVH resin is studied in white rats. It is established that in acute treatment, irrespective of the route of PVC resin penetration into the organism, its effect proves weakly toxic. During chronic oral and inhalatory experiments, a slight affection of peripheral blood elements only is noted. In the lungs of the animals inhalating 2 and 6 mg/m3 concentrations for a duration of four months, no changes are detected which might be interpreted as being PVH specific. Cumulative effect, and skin stimulating and sensibilizing action of the polymer are neither established. Against the background of the obtained results, a provisional normal MAC value is proposed, namely 2 mg/m3 of PVH dust in the air of the working environment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Thrombocyte storage in plasma. Preparation and storage of thrombocyte concentrates in polyvinyl chloride PL 146 standard bags].

Platelet concentrates (PC) were prepared from CPD-blood using PL-146 triple bag system (Fenwal). They were stored in 60 ml plasma at room temperature for 72 h with gentle agitation by side-over-side rotation with 2 rpm. PC contained on average more than 0.55.10(11) platelets form 450 ml blood. There were significant correlations between pH-values and platelet number as well as percentage of disc-shaped platelets. pH-values, number of platelets and morphology were well maintained in all PC, but 4 of 18 had pH-values below 6.0 after 72 h. This means that 95% of the stored PC had sufficient quality after 48 h and only 78% had it after 72 h.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1984

[Health status of workers of polyvinyl chloride processing plants. II. Results of various biochemical studies].

In 255 workers of two PVC processing plants no changes have been found in routine laboratory tests. No deviations have been found in blood serum, bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, nitric residue of urea, calcium and phosphorus, either. Similarly, the activity of acid phosphatase and gammaglutamylotranspeptidase was not changed. In most examined groups a slight statistically significant increase in ALAT activity has been found, in others--increase in the activity of AspAT and basic phosphatase. Workers exposed to lead did not exhibit any laboratory plumbism symptoms. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the activity of erythrocytes deltaaminolevulinic acid dehydratase has been found. The studies suggest that workers processing PVC most probably exhibit slight toxic liver lesion.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Release of diethyl-2-hexyl phthalate from stored blood on contact with polyvinyl chloride].

Softness and flexibility of PVC are due to the addition of plasticizers in high concentration; the most used of them for blood storage bags is DEHP. In this work, a method for labelling DEHP with 14C from 14C phtalic anhydrid is given. A piece of PVC from a commercial blood bag is labelled, in our laboratory, with 14C DEHP and used to follow the kinetics of DEHP leaching in blood during storage. It is also used to study the influence of some parameters such as lipids amount of blood, shaking, and plastic sterilisation on this leaching. DEHP leaching is a three steps phenomenon and the level is not correlated to lipids content of blood. Thermal treatment of PVC and shaking have an influence on leaching. DEHP is not metabolised during blood storage at 4 degrees C and can not be detected as free molecule; it is absorbed on plasmatic proteins.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraction of diethylhexylphthalate from total nutrient solution-containing polyvinyl chloride bags.

Total nutrient solution (TNS) is a new method for delivering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by admixing dextrose, amino acids, and lipids in a single container. Recommendations are to use nonpolyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers for admixture of these solutions. PVC is a hard, brittle, and inflexible substance, and plasticizers, predominantly diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), are added to impart flexibility. DEHP is a lipid soluble suspected carcinogen, hepatotoxin, and teratogen which has been shown to leach from PVC products containing lipophilic admixtures. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the amount of DEHP which leaches from PVC bags containing TNS. Six study groups, which contained three formulas stored at 25 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C and 4 degrees C +/- 1 degree C, were assayed for DEHP at time 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr, 1 wk, and 3 wk using high-performance liquid chromatography. The control group contained an amino acid source, a carbohydrate source, and standard electrolytes, and the other groups contained a 10% lipid source or a 20% lipid source in addition to the constituents of the control group. Lipid-containing groups demonstrated detectable levels of DEHP at 48 hr, and DEHP content increased in these groups throughout the 21-day study. DEHP concentrations were lower in lipid-containing groups stored at 4 degrees C than comparable groups stored at 25 degrees C.

Diethylhexyl Phthalate↗