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PubMed1992

Ambulatory polysomnography: technical aspects and normative values.

Ambulatory polysomnographic (APSG) assessment of sleep disorders is now possible, but the technique of APSG is sufficiently different from in-laboratory PSG that normative data from in-laboratory PSG may not apply to APSG. This paper reviews the technical aspects of APSG and presents normative APSG data from 20 older healthy males. Subjects underwent medical and psychiatric screening before completing APSG in their homes. Total sleep time and the rapid-eye-movement sleep latency (RL) were both shorter than those reported by others using traditional in-laboratory techniques. The shorter total sleep may be related to behaviors at home that impinge upon sleep. The shorter RL may be related to differences in calculation methods. Periodic limb movements were common in our subjects but did not contribute to sleep disturbance. We conclude that APSG is sufficiently different from traditional PSG as to warrant collection of a large normative data base.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical use of polysomnography (PSG)].

The clinical diagnoses in 695 cases using PSG were analysed. The results are as follows: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in 482 cases (69.4%), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases with nocturnal hypoxemia in 25 cases (3.6%), epilepsy in 31 cases (4.5%), other sleep disorders in 5 cases (0.7%), and essentially normal in 152 cases (21.9%). Some parameters of PSG in 65 cases with OSAS and those in 2 cases before and after treatment were analysed. It is emphasized that PSG is using for diagnosis of different types of OSAS with appraisable seriousness and of other related sleep disorders. The method and indications of PSG were discussed.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1991

Polysomnography and sleep disorder centers.

Sleep disorders are common in our society. It is estimated that there are 50 million people in the United States who suffer to varying degrees from sleep problems. A great deal has been learned about sleep during the past 40 years. Much of this knowledge has been obtained by the use of PSG, which consists of the simultaneous recording of several physiologic parameters from a patient just prior to and during sleep. Much of the technology utilized in PSG are based on individual tests developed many years ago. Current published data permit the conclusion that PSG is useful for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with sleep-related breathing disorders, may be helpful in the evaluation of suspected cases of narcolepsy wherein other findings are inconclusive or contradictory, and may be helpful in cases of parasomnias and/or suspected epilepsy wherein the distinction between seizure activity and other forms of sleep disturbance is uncertain. Current data do not permit a firm conclusion as to the clinical effectiveness of PSG in other symptoms of sleep disturbance such as insomnia. Current, ongoing clinical trials are expected to provide information addressing this point, and several agencies (NINDS, ADAMHA, and NIA) have expressed their intent to encourage the organization of prospective trials to determine the ultimate clinical utility of SDC and PSG techniques. A physician need not be present during PSG in an SDC.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1991

[Contribution of polysomnography in the assessment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy].

15 COPD patients underwent a polysomnographic study demonstrating poor quality of sleep, a mean of SAO2 of 88.8 +/- 3.9% and a apneic-hypopnea index (AHI) of 5.7 +/- 11.8. AHI was higher in sleep stages I and II than in REM sleep. SAO2 showed a progressive drop when going from an awake stage to REM sleep. Respiratory events responsible for the most important desaturation where mostly observed in REM sleep and corresponded in 8 patients to obstructive events (overlap syndrome). The lower mean SAO2 in REM probably explains the best the importance in desaturation related to the respiratory events (Hb dissociation curve). Ear oximetry recordings however interesting are not able to quantify and recognise correctly the respiratory events. Therefore a polysomnographic study remains necessary in order to diagnose adequately the overlap syndrome.

Electrophysiology↗
PubMed1990

Polysomnography methods and interpretations.

As the field of sleep disorders medicine continues to mature, appropriate diagnostic techniques are becoming properly defined and standardized. This article focuses principally upon diagnostic testing for sleep apnea, although other sleep disorders are discussed briefly. When interpreting a polysomnogram, one must consider a number of complex variables. A critical discussion of the methods for adequately measuring these variables is provided together with guidelines for appropriate interpretation.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1990

[Ketotifen and polysomnography in patients with allergic rhinitis].

To obtain a complete study of respiratory patients, it is correct to analyze also the sleeping pattern. In these subjects, to improve respiratory tests and to reduce the bronchoconstriction, we must to use drugs with a constant action. However, during sleep, a decreased respiratory muscle function, a ventilation perfusion imbalance and a decreased response to chemical stimuli are undesirable factors related to transient desaturations. The study of sleep stages is useful to know better the respiratory disorders and the action of the drugs. We report the data of an allergic rhinitis population to evaluate the eventual modifications in sleep pattern brought upon by ketotifen.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Study of the prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome in patients with chronic diseases of the respiratory organs using pulse oximetry and polysomnography].

In the literature, depending upon the group of subjects investigated and the diagnostic criteria applied, the prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is reported to be between 1 and 10%. In the present study, 220 nonselected male patients (age range: 45.1 +/- 11.4 years, Brocca index 109.0 +/- 18.0%, 147 cases of chronic bronchitis, 65 of bronchial asthma, 8 with other diseases of the airways, 44.1% obstructive ventilation disturbances, 41.8% smokers) were investigated. As a screening method, nocturnal monitoring of oxygen saturation with the aid of a digital pulse oximeter (Draeger) was carried out. On average, 65.4 +/- 136.5 cases of desaturation to less than 90% SaO2/8 hours sleep were observed. In 48 patients with a Brocca index of more than 120%, desaturations at 156.1 +/- 244.5 were significantly more frequent than in 172 patients with a low relative weight (40.2 +/- 67.0, p less than 0.0001). Forty-eight patients (21.8%) revealed more than 80 episodes of SaO2 drops per night. Twenty-two patients were submitted to polysomnographic investigation. In 13 patients--6% of the overall group--who had more than 100 episodes of apnea/hypopnea (AHI 47.2 +/- 30.1), a sleep apnea syndrome was demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Polysomnography].

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Blood Gas Analysis↗