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Being a close relative of a dying person. Development of the concepts "involvement in the light and in the dark".

The current study is based on an earlier article in which relatives' involvement in care was described as "involvement in the light" or "involvement in the dark." Involvement in the light was characterized as the relative being well informed and experiencing a meaningful involvement. The relatives involved in the dark felt uninformed, that they were "grouping around in the dark" when they tried to support the patient. The present study analyzed further the meaning of "involvement in the light" and "involvement in the dark," and investigated whether two different care cultures, the relationship with the staff, and a rapid course of illness influence the involvement of relatives. Relatives of 52 patients who died, 30 at a surgical department and 22 in a hospice ward, were interviewed after the patients' deaths. All the relatives of the patients in the hospice ward and 13 of those in the surgical department were judged to be involved in the light. Of the relatives judged to be involved in the dark, 12 either had a sick relative with a rapid course of illness or felt that the sick relative had died unexpectedly. A pattern was clearly observed: The relatives involved in the light described being met with respect, openness, sincerity, confirmation, and connection, whereas the opposite was experienced by those involved in the dark.

Caregivers↗

The personal development of mothers of terminal cancer patients: how Japanese women change through the experience of caring for and losing their children to cancer.

The author interviewed 57 mothers who had lost children to cancer about their experiences concerning their children's illness and death. These mothers became their children's main caretakers because they felt responsible and unable to count on others. They maintained emotional stability while interacting with their children and worked to protect their children from mistakes made by health care professionals. These experiences made many mothers tougher. After their children died, they had to form a different kind of relationship to their children to overcome their grief. This process compelled the mothers to reconsider issues concerning life and death and changed their fundamental values.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Role of nanobiotechnology in developing personalized medicine for cancer.

Personalized medicine simply means the prescription of specific therapeutics best suited for an individual. Personalization of cancer therapies is based on a better understanding of the disease at the molecular level. Nanotechnology will play an important role in this area. Nanobiotechnology is being used to refine discovery of biomarkers, molecular diagnostics, drug discovery and drug delivery, which are important basic components of personalized medicine and are applicable to management of cancer as well. Examples are given of the application of quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and molecular imaging in diagnostics and combination with therapeutics -- another important feature of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is beginning to be recognized and is expected to become a part of medical practice within the next decade. Personalized management of cancer, facilitated by nanobiotechnology, is expected to enable early detection of cancer, more effective and less toxic treatment increasing the chances of cure.

Drug Delivery Systems↗