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PubMed1986

[Anaerobic bacteria in various infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns].

In this study we have examined antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from various samples of 75 patients. Anaerobic bacteria from 22 (29.3%) patients, and only aerobic bacteria from 29 (38.7%) patients have been isolated; there has been no growth in cultures from 24 (32%) patients. Of 75 isolates from 51 patients 38 (50.6%) are anaerobic and 37 (49.4%) are aerobic bacteria. Following anaerobic bacteria have been isolated: Peptostreptococcus (13), Peptococcus (5), microaerophilic streptococci (2), Veillonella (1), Bacteroides (9), Fusobacterium (4) and non spore forming anaerobic gram positive bacilli (4). Among the 38 anaerobic bacteria the highest resistance has been shown against tetracycline (65.8%). Resistance rates for cephalothin, erythromycin and penicillin G are 28.9%, 15.8% and 7.8%. In our investigation we have shown no resistance against carbenicillin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Simultaneous isolation of anaerobic bacteria from udder abscesses and mastitic milk in lactating dairy cows.

A variety of non-sporulating anaerobic bacterial species were isolated from udder abscesses in 10 lactating dairy cows. Fifty percent of the abscesses yielded multiple anaerobic species and the other 50% only 1 species. The anaerobic bacteria, however, were always accompanied by classical facultative anaerobic mastitogenic bacteria. In four of the five cows also afflicted with mastitis in the quarters with abscesses, the anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were identical. Peptococcus indolicus was the most commonly isolated organism followed by Eubacterium and Bacteroides spp. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Identification of some anaerobic bacteria in nonspecific anaerobic infections in animals.

Over 200 anaerobic bacterial isolates were recovered in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory from nonspecific infectious disease from 72 specimens originating from ten animal species. The majority of isolates were nonsporeforming bacteria and about half were identified to species. Bacteroides species formed the major group and included B. oralis, B. fragilis, B. corrodens, B. ruminicola subspecies ruminicola, B. ruminicola subspecies brevis and various subspecies of B. melaninogenicus. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci constituted the next major group of isolates and the main species identified in cattle was Peptococcus indolicus. Clostridial species were uncommon. Nine specimens yielded a pure culture of an anaerobe and, in samples containing mixtures of bacterial species, each specimen yielded an average of 3.1 anaerobic and 1.4 aerobic bacterial species. The failure to identify many of the isolates is discussed.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1986

[Anaerobic infections in ulcerating tumors of the head and neck. A contribution to the problem of odors].

Incurable exulcerated head and neck tumours frequently produce a foul odour which is a great problem for patients, nurses and family of patients. This odour is a sign of anaerobic infection in necrotic tumours. Bacteriological examinations in fifteen patients with tumours of the oral cavity, the oropharynx and with recurrent tumours of the hypopharynx and larynx showed anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides melaninogenicus, B. oralis, B. bivius, Peptococcus and Fusobacterium were most frequently represented. Five cases showed mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections. Foul odour disappeared regularly after a short time by antianaerobic chemotherapy (clindamycin or metronidazole). Foetor is evidently caused by microbial activity of anaerobic bacteria in secondary infected tumours. Antibiotic treatment directed strictly against anaerobes helps to improve quality of life of patients with advanced head and neck cancer with regard to foetor.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1985

Amino acid sequence of the [4Fe-4S] ferredoxin isolated from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Norway.

The complete amino acid sequence of the [4Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Norway was determined by repetitive Edman degradation of the whole protein and peptides derived from tryptic digestion. The protein has 59 residues. Four of the six cysteine residues are involved in the binding of the [4Fe-4S] cluster in the same arrangement as in clostridial ferredoxins. This sequence is compared to various Desulfovibrio ferredoxin sequences and to the sequence and three-dimensional structure of Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxin. Evidence of gene duplication is indicated. The requirement of some sequence features in the ferredoxin for an interaction process with its electron transfer partner, cytochrome c3, is postulated in the discussion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

[Etiology of bacterial vaginosis (non-specific vaginitis)].

56 women who were diagnosed bioclinically as having a bacterial vaginal infection were studied, as were 35 women as a control group. The study was a semi-quantitative analysis of the vaginal bacterial flora, both aerobic and anaerobic. It shows that Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria such as Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroïdes, Veillonella and Mobiluncus were associated in a statistically significant way with bacterial vaginitis. On the other hand Lactobacilli were less frequently found (p less than 0.001) than in the control group of women. The way in which the microbial flora is changed has been observed during attacks of vaginitis and is discussed, as is the importance of making the diagnosis and of treating this syndrome.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpiramide in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpiramide (CPM, SM-1652) a new semisynthetic cephalosporin were carried out in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The results were obtained as follows: In vitro antibacterial activity of CPM against recent 255 clinical isolates was compared with those of cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefoperazone (CPZ). CPM showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus, K. pneumoniae, Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus. However the minimum inhibitory concentration of CPM was inferior to those of CEZ, CMZ and CPZ against E. coli. The transfer of CPM to the female genital organs was found to be good. Tissue levels over than 5 micrograms/g were maintained after 5 hours. CPM was administered to 10 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infections. Good responses were obtained in all of the cases. Neither adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 1 case with slight elevation of BUN.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of the maternal cervix and newborn gastric fluid and conjunctiva: a prospective study.

Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed on cervical swabs from 35 mothers and their newborn infants' gastric aspirates and conjunctival sacs. Four hundred seventy-nine isolates were obtained; 287 were aerobes and 192 were anaerobes. The cervical and gastric cultures overall yielded a similar flora, but this was not always the case when one compared mothers with their own newborn infants. The conjunctival cultures yielded about half of the number of bacteria per specimen that the gastric contents yielded, and a repeat conjunctival culture done 48 hours later showed a marked reduction in the number of potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated. The predominant aerobes isolated were Staphylococcus epidermidis, diphtheroids, viridans streptococci and Haemophilus vaginalis. The predominant anaerobes were the Bacteroides fragilis group, Propionibacterium acnes, Peptococcus, other Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus organisms. Statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlation between the isolation of certain groups of organisms and increased duration of pregnancy, increased baby's weight, and prolonged duration of labor.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriology and treatment of chronic otitis media.

Tympanocentesis was performed in 50 patients with chronic otitis media. Pus was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobes only were isolated from 21 patients, 3 had only anaerobes (peptococcus sp.) and 26 had both aerobes and anaerobes. There were 68 aerobic isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered in 36 (72%). Other aerobes commonly recovered included proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. There were 48 anaerobes isolated. Anaerobic gram positive cocci were isolated in 24 instances. Sixteen Bacteriodes sp. were recovered, including 7 B. fragilis and 6 B. melaninogenicus. The patients were divided into two groups according to their antimicrobial therapy: 28 received carbenicillin and 22 clindamycin. An aminoglycoside was added when aerobic enteric gram negative rods were present in significantly high numbers in the culture. There was good to excellent response to therapy in more than half of the patients and in 12% there was a remission from symptoms for up to one year. Thirty-six percent of the patients had no response to therapy. There were no statistical differences in response to therapy in the two groups treated. Antimicrobial therapy directed against aerobic and anaerobic isolates from chronic otitis media had a high success rate in complete eradication of the infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of three methods of susceptibility testing of bacteroidaceae, peptococcaceae and other anaerobes to doxycycline.

The in vitro activity of doxycycline against 147 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes was determined by broth dilution, agar dilution and agar diffusion tests. The strains were isolated from clinical specimens in 1977. Saccharolytic Bacteroides strains (39 B. fragilis, 6 B. thetaiotaomicron, 4 B. vulgatus) showed broth dilution MICs of less than or equal to 0.0625-4.0 microgram/ml after 5 h incubation and MICs of less than or equal to 16 microgram/ml after 15 h incubation at 37 degrees C. With strains of B. oralis, B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius, B. corrodens, Veillonella sp. and Megasphaera elsdenii the broth dilution MICs were less than or equal to 0.0625-32 microgram/ml after 15 h incubation. Peptostreptococcus spp., Propionibacterium acnes, Eubacterium sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Clostridium sp. had broth dilution MICs of less than or equal to 2 microgram/ml, whereas Peptococcus spp. were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.0625 to greater than 32 microgram/ml. With the great majority of strains tested, MICs were 2 to 256 times higher in agar than in broth dilution tests. Clinical and experimental studies seem to be needed to determine which of the in vitro data are correlated to the outcome of doxycycline therapy. Several groups and species were separately considered for statistical analysis of the relationship between zone size and MIC. With gram-positive anaerobes, correlation was poor between broth dilution MIC and zone size (correlation coefficients r = - 0.168 for Peptococcaceae, and r = - 0.108 for P. acnes). When calculating the regression lines for agar dilution MICs and zone diameters, a higher correlation was found (r = - 0.9 for Peptococcaceae; r = - 0.397 for P. acnes). With B. fragilis and other Bacteroides species correlation coefficients were r = - 0.807 to r = - 0.891 for broth and agar dilution MICs and zone size but stochastic linearity was lacking.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anaerobic infection after total hip replacement. Report of three cases.

In a series of 387 consecutive total hip replacements there were nine infections (2.3% infection rate). Three of the infections were caused by an anaerobic gram positive cocci, Peptococcus. This is an increased incidence of infection for this previously rare pathogen. The anaerobic infections occurred despite prophylactic antibiotic coverage with Keflin. No causative factors such as hospital, operating time, operating personnel, medical disease, or blood loss could be associated with the observed anaerobic infections. Two of the anaerobic infections appeared late. This is consistent with other reports of anaerobic infections in implants. Drainage after total hip arthroplasty operation must be cultured for anaerobes as well as aerobes, especially late infections in patients on prophylactic antibiotics. Drainage which is sterile to aerobic culture should alert the physician to a possible anaerobic infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical trial of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) was administered to 19 patients with various infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The clinical efficacy was judged as excellent in 1 case and as good in 16 cases; hence, the efficacy rate was 89.5%. SBT/CPZ was not effective in a patient with end-stage carcinomatous peritonitis and nor in a patient with pyosalpinx caused by E. coli and Peptococcus magnus. Except a case by E. coli, SBT/CPZ was highly effective for pyosalpinx and pelvic peritonitis where E. coli or K. pneumoniae was the causative organism. No side effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies on piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies were made on piperacillin (PIPC) and the results were obtained as follows. Serum and uterine tissue concentrations of PIPC were obtained from 36 to 215 minutes after intravenous single shot of 2 g of PIPC. The cervix uteri, endometrium and corpus uteri showed the highest antibiotic levels of 38.0, 43.0 and 33.0 mcg/g, respectively, at 65 minutes after injection, and oviduct and ovary showed the highest level of 31.5 and 28.5 mcg/g at 36 minutes. Its concentrations were sufficiently effective against the major pathogens (Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes) demonstrated in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. PIPC was administered 6 patients, including 3 of pelvic peritonitis (isolated organism was E. coli 1), 2 of acute endometritis (Klebsiella sp. 1, Peptococcus sp. + Bacteroides sp. 1) and 1 of acute adnexitis, in a dosage of 1 or 2 g twice or 3 times a day for a period of 5 to 8 days by intravenous administration or intravenous drip infusion. Clinical response was obtained excellent in 1 and good in 5. No adverse reaction as observed in any of the cases treated with PIPC, nor was there any marked changes in the laboratory findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical study with piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

1. Tissue concentrations of piperacillin (PIPC) between 80 to 150 minutes after the completion of 2 g/1 hour dripping infusion were 4.6 approximately 6.4 micrograms/g in the uterus, ovary and oviduct. These concentrations were higher than 80% MIC of the causative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides and Peptococcus, isolated from infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. 2. The PIPC concentration in the retroperitoneal space exudate reached a peak value of 34.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after the completion of 2 g/1 hour dripping infusion and thereafter maintained a constant level. These concentrations were sufficient for the therapy of parametritis. 3. We administered PIPC at 4 g per day for a period of 4 approximately 8 days to 4 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infectious diseases. All cases proved to respond effectively. No adverse effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. From the above, we considered that PIPC was an effective and safe antibiotic against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Bacterial flora isolated from the cervical secretions of patients with acute gonorrhea and their sensitivities to spectinomycin and ampicillin].

Subsequent to studies of clinical effects of spectinomycin (SPCM) and ampicillin (ABPC) given in combination on acute gonorrhea in female patients, sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to each of these antibiotics was determined. Furthermore, cervical discharge of female patients was searched for other organisms. Combined antimicrobial action of SPCM and ABPC were also examined. Aerobic and anaerobic organisms were obtained from cervical discharge of 20 cases of acute gonorrhea. The predominant aerobe (45%) was S. agalactiae, while the predominant anaerobes (combined 70%) were Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp.. The results indicate that mixed infections of N. gonorrhoeae and aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci should be considered in acute gonorrhea in female. MICs of SPCM for 20 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were determined. SPCM showed MICs of 3.13 approximately 12.5 micrograms/ml against 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml. There were no strains with MICs of 25 micrograms/ml. ABPC had MICs of 0.2 micrograms/ml against 10(8)CFU/ml and 0.1 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml. Five strains (25%), MICs of which were greater than or equal to 6.25 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml and greater than or equal to 1.56 micrograms/ml against 10(6) CFU/ml, were all beta-lactamase producing. In vitro combined antimicrobial action of SPCM and ABPC is additive.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

[Comparison of antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime with other cephalosporins against clinically isolated bacteria (author's transl)].

We examined the antibacterial activity of MX in comparison with those of other CEPs, using aerobic Gram-positive cocci, aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria, 870 strains in total, all isolated from clinical specimens, in 1979 and 1980. Against Streptococcus, CMX showed superior antibacterial activity than those of CFX, CMZ, CXM and CTM. Against H. influenzae, CMX also showed superior antibacterial activity than those of CFX, CMX, CXM, CTM and CEZ. ABPC-and PIPC-resistant strains were sensitive to CMX. CTX, CPZ and CZX also showed antibacterial activities equivalent to that of CMX. Against enteric bacteria, E. coli, Klebsiella, E. cloacae, Serratia, C. freundii and Proteus, CMX showed superior antibacterial activity than those of CFX, CMZ, CXM, CTM and CEZ. Especially, against E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, P. rettgeri and P. inconstans, CMX showed strong antibacterial activity. As to non-fermentation bacteria, CMX's antibacterial activity was relatively weak except P. putrefaciens, Alcaligenes and Comamonas. However, it was superior than that of CEZ. In comparison with other CEPs, the strength of CMX varied according to the kinds of bacteria. As to anaerobic bacteria, CMX showed strong antibacterial activity against Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, C. perfringens, Veillonella and Fusobacterium. However, its antibacterial activity against Bacteroides was similar to those of other CEPs.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

[A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)].

A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, has brought about the following results. 1. The antibacterial activity of CZX against Bacteriodes fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron was superior to that of CEZ, but inferior to that of CFX. CZX was the most active of the 3 drugs against B. distasonis, and was as active as CFX against B. vulgatus. The MICs of CZX against Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and anaerobic Streptococcus were 1.56 microgram/ml or lower. CEZ was more active than CZX against these anaerobic cocci. 2. The concentrations of CZX in female genital organs and retroperitoneal dead space exudate after drip infusion of 1 g were high enough to fulfill the MICs of many bacterial isolates. 3. CZX administered intravenously to 9 patients in daily doses of 1 approximately 8 g for 4 approximately 11 days was 100% effective. Pathogenic bacteria in 6 of the patients were eradicated in 4 and partially eradicated in 1. The other patient had no bacteriological examination after therapy. 4. No adverse reaction was observed. From above results it is concluded that CZX must be one of the most effective antibiotics for the treatment of gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The study group was organized to evaluate the usefulness of cefmenoxime (CMX) injection, a new synthetic cephalosporin, for the treatment of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Fundamental and clinical studies were made by the society and the following results were obtained. 1. The peak distribution of CMX's MIC for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Bacteroides sp. and Peptococcus sp. isolated from obstetrical and gynecological infections with relatively high frequencies area 0.1, less than or equal to 0.05, 0.2, 3.13, 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, with an inoculation of 10(6) cells/ml. 2. When 1 g of CMX is administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 hour, the maximum concentrations in various tissues of female genital organs were as follows: 14.2 and 13.2 micrograms/g in ovary and oviduct, respectively, at 1.20 hours after the start of administration, and 16.9 and 26.3 micrograms/g in corpus uteri and cervix uteri, respectively, after 1 hour. As for the transfer to the exudate in the pelvic dead cavity, the peak concentration was 15.6 micrograms/ml after 2.13 hours. 3. In the clinical studies, CMX was given to 258 cases with female genital organ infections and others. As for the clinical effects, with exclusion of 3 cases in which other antibiotics are concomitantly used, responses were excellent in 76 cases, good in 162 cases and poor in 17 cases, among 255 cases in total. The efficacy rate was 93.3%. The efficacy rates by diseases were 97.1% (68/70) for intrauterine infections, 88.8% (79/89) for intrapelvic infections, 98.4% (62/63) for adnexitis, and 100% (23/23) for infections of external genital organs. As for the clinical effects on causative bacteria, the efficacy rates were 100% (19/19) for single infections due to Gram-positive bacteria, 94.8% (55/58) for single infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, and 88.2% (15/17) for single infections due to anaerobic bacteria. And its efficacy rates were 89.6% (69/77) for mixed infection cases. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (0.8%); 1 case with eruption, and 1 case with diarrhea and vomiting. As for abnormal laboratory findings, lower white blood cell count was observed in 2 cases and elevation of the values regarding hepatic functions in 9 cases. All cases were returned to the normal after the completion of the administration. Cefmenoxime showed a satisfactory clinical efficacy and a potent bacteriological effect in treatment of the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and it has been concluded that cefmenoxime will be useful addition to the antibiotics for the therapy of these infections.

Adolescent↗