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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Extensive consumption of Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. (Bignoniaceae) nectar by parrots in a Tecoma savanna in the southern Pantanal (Brazil).

Neotropical parrots forage for various food items such as seeds, fruit pulp, flowers, young leaves, and even arthropods. While foraging, many species wander over large areas that include both open and closed habitats. In this study, I examined parrot foraging activity during a brief synchronous and massive flowering in August 1998 in a tecoma savanna (dominated by Tabebuia aurea) in the southern Pantanal. Six parrot species, ranging from the small Brotogeris chiriri to the large Amazona aestiva, foraged for T. aurea nectar, but Nandayus nenday was by far the major nectar consumer, and the results of each of their visits, like those of the other species, was damage of a substantial proportion of the existing flower crop. Parrots foraged mostly during the afternoon, when nectar concentration tended to be higher. Nevertheless, compared to bird-pollinated flowers, which produce copious nectar, T. aurea had a smaller mean nectar volume per flower. Hence, presumably the amount of damage wreaked by these parrots resulted from their efforts to obtain part of their daily energy and water requirements. Thus, the synchronous and massive flowering occurring in such a brief period in the dry season may be related to, among other factors, the necessity of satiating predators such as parrots, which are still abundant in the Pantanal.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Comparative anatomy of cerebellar catecholamine innervation from teleosts to mammals.

The cerebellar innervation of the catecholamine (CA) neurons was experimentally investigated with histofluorescence method in the brains of the vertebrates from teleosts to mammals. In the teleosts the source for the cerebellar CA are composed of three CA neuron groups. Hypothalamic CA neuron group contributes mainly to innervation in the valvula cerebelli whose development is dependent on the high degree of the development of the lateral-line organ. CA neurons in the medulla oblongata might innervate the vestibulo-lateral lobe and corpus cerebelli. These two CA neuron groups appear to constitute the main source for the cerebellar CA, though it is certain that rhombencephalic CA neurons also send their axons to innervate the cerebellum. In the tailless amphibian which is devoid of the lateral-line nerves, cerebellar CA especially in the corpus cerebelli is supplied mainly by the rhombencephalic CA neurons which still remain in less developed stage in phylogenetic scale. In the bird, ascending CA neuron system is maintained by long axons and the anlage of locus coeruleus (LC) appear first in this class. A large number of CA nerve terminals in the cerebellum of the bird are supplied by both CA neurons of the dorsal part of the tegmentum and CA neurons disseminated in the tegmental reticular formation. In the mammals showing the highest development of the cerebellar and cerebral cortices, LC is well developed and cerebellar CA is supplied mainly by LC, though cerebellum is innervated by other CA neurons besides LC. Possible significance of the CA neurons on the development of the cerebellum in phylogeny was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) as endocrinological test model. Thyroxine transport in blood.

By comparing in-vivo and in-vitro investigations the transport protein of thyroxine in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) was determined. Electrophoretic and auto-radiographic methods were applied. Both investigations show the alpha-globulin to be a thyroxine-binding protein. The contradictions to other investigators are discussed. The experimental animal as an endocrinological model of the thyroid for questions of human medicine is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[A case of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by contact with budgerigars (bird-breeder's lung)].

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for repeated episodes of dry cough, low-grade fever, and gradual development of dyspnea on exertion. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lung fields. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed an increased number of lymphocytes, and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed alveolitis and epithelioid cell granuloma. The acute onset and the patient's living environment suggested summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, anti-Trichosporon antibody was negative and a definitive diagnosis could not be made. The patient's condition improved with corticosteroid treatment and, after discharge from the hospital, she moved to a new home. The following year, however, her symptoms returned, and she was readmitted to our hospital. Recurrence of the disease despite the change in environment ruled out summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Given the patient's history of budgerigar breeding five years earlier, bird breeder's lung was suspected. Anti-bird excreta antibody found in the patient's serum and BALF, along with a positive lymphocyte stimulation test against pigeon serum, strongly suggested an acute onset of bird breeder's lung. We report a rare case of acute bird breeder's lung with radiologic findings of ground-glass opacities, a one-year disease-free period and an acute relapse.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of Pacheco's disease herpesvirus in Texas.

Pacheco's disease herpesvirus was determined to be the agent responsible for the death of about 200 psittacine birds comprising five species. Clinical signs, necropsy lesions, and virus isolation and identification methods are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Behavior of pet animals].

Severe mistakes in pet keeping are often the result of ignorance. Many animals suffer from the care of their owners. Industry provides food in the proper composition, but the importance of the cage's interior, its size and the number of animals of the same species kept in it is often neglected. The key to a better understanding of pets is the knowledge of the ecological environment of their species. Fish, amphibia and reptiles are capable of simple acts of learning, but their potential of adaptation to their environment is determined mainly genetically, which can be observed best during the phase of their youth. Most members of these animal groups are born with a perfect behaviour program. Thus aquaria and terraria should as far as possible correspond to the needs and requirements of the species in question to its ecological niche. An aquarium should be a model of the animals' biotope. The effect of the conditions under which a pet is kept on its wellbeing is discussed in detail for the budgerigar and the guinea pig. Experiments with budgerigars showing that too small cages and the missing company of animals of the same species lead to abnormal behaviour are described. Guinea pigs live in packs. The fact how important the group and its social organization is for the individual guinea pig is documented by experimentally verified data. Furthermore the effect of the guinea pig's ontogeny under experimental conditions on the structure of a pack is discussed. Already small changes in the size of the cage or in its interior encourage the guinea pig's exploration behaviour and its mobility.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Nephroblastoma. A comparative immunocytochemical and lectin-histochemical study.

Nephroblastomas (Wilms' tumors) from a dog, a bird, a pig, and a child were subjected to comparative immunocytochemical and lectin-histochemical analysis along with normal renal tissues from the same animals. Primary rabbit and mouse anti-human antibodies directed at intermediate-filament proteins, neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein, and epithelial membrane antigen were employed, as were biotinylated peanut agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, and lectins from Dolichos biflorus and Ulex europaeus. The human neoplasm showed positivity for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen and bound peanut, soybean, and wheat germ agglutinins in epithelial areas. Among the animal tumors, the porcine and canine nephroblastomas showed immunoreactivity for cytokeratin and vimentin in epithelial and blastematous areas, respectively. In addition, they were positive for S100 protein in epithelial foci. All of these results were substantiated by staining patterns in nonhuman kidneys. None of the neoplasms or renal tissues showed reactivity to the other antigens that were assessed. In the porcine tumor, endothelial cells bound D biflorus lectin, and epithelial areas were stained by U europaeus lectin. The avian nephroblastoma bound peanut, soybean, and wheat germ agglutinins, while the canine neoplasm showed no lectin-histochemical reactivity. These data appear to reflect limited immunohistological and histochemical similarities between nephroblastomas of different vertebrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pathogenesis of Sarcocystis falcatula (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). III. Pathologic and quantitative parasitologic analysis of extrapulmonary disease.

Forty-four budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were administered sporocysts of Sarcocystis falcatula orally and were examined at necropsy intervals from less than 12 hr to 168 days. Tissue were examined by touch preparations (of organ cut surfaces), light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Meront and cyst burdens were determined in various organs and correlated with duration of infection, inoculum, and the meront or cyst burdens of other organs. Host inflammatory tissue reactions were quantitated and correlated with meront and cyst burdens. Quantitation of meronts was more accurate in tissue sections than in touch preparations, but quantitation of merozoites was better in touch preparations. More than 97% of meronts were found in capillary, venular, and venous endothelial cells. Cysts were found only in cardiac and skeletal myocytes. Merogony began in the lamina propria of the small intestine less than 12 hr postinoculation (PI). Meronts were in liver and lung by the second day PI and in other organs by 3-7 days PI. Mean meront burdens were highest in lung (33 meronts/mm2), lower in liver and kidney (1-3 meronts/mm2), and infrequent in other organs (less than 0.9 meronts/mm2). Cysts were first seen in cardiac myocytes 7 days PI. They developed through the metrocyte stage and then degenerated, rarely reaching maturity. Cysts were first noted in skeletal muscle at 8 days PI. In leg, upper esophagus, and tongue, cysts matured between 44 and 77 days PI. In pectoral muscles, the majority of cysts degenerated during the late metrocyte and early intermediate stages (28-42 days PI). In addition to a previously reported and often fatal acute interstitial pneumonitis, S. falcatula-infected budgerigars also sustained a chronic active hepatitis, interstitial myocarditis, myositis, nephritis, splenitis, and encephalitis. These lesions weakly correlated with meront burdens in most sites during early infection (up to 50 days PI).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Avocado (Persea americana) intoxication in caged birds.

Avocados of 2 varieties were mashed and administered via feeding cannula to 8 canaries and 8 budgerigars. Two control budgerigars were given water via feeding cannula. Six budgerigars and 1 canary died within 24 to 47 hours after the first administration of avocado. Deaths were associated with administration of both varieties of avocado. Higher dose was associated with greater mortality. The 2 budgerigars given water were normal throughout the observation period. Results indicated that avocados are highly toxic to budgerigars and less toxic to canaries. Postmortem findings observed in some birds included subcutaneous edema in the pectoral area and hydropericardium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three cases of gastric neoplasia in psittacines.

Two adenocarcinomas of the proventriculus and an adenocarcinoma of the ventriculus are described in psittacines. All birds had evidence of digestive tract dysfunction. Hemorrhage into the lumen of the digestive tract from the ulcerated surfaces of the tumors was evident in all birds, either clinically or at necropsy. Radiographic studies, including contrast films, were useful in two cases. Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff stains were helpful in determining the origin of the tumor in one case.

Adenocarcinoma↗