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PubMed1988

Photography. Is it useful in learning how adolescents view hospitalization?

This pilot study explored the use of photography as a media for learning how adolescents view hospitalization. Six adolescents, 13-18 years of age were issued cameras with one roll of film and instructed to take pictures that would document their hospitalization. An interview using the adolescent's pictures was conducted with each subject. The camera was found to be a useful tool and an effective means for helping adolescents share their view of a hospital experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Position of angle-supported, iris-fixated, and ciliary sulcus-implanted myopic phakic intraocular lenses evaluated by Scheimpflug photography.

PURPOSE: To examine postoperative positional stability of myopic phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. METHODS: The study included 46 eyes which received an anterior chamber angle-supported (Bausch & Lomb NuVita; 10 eyes), anterior chamber iris-fixated (Ophtec Artisan; 20 eyes) or ciliary sulcus-implanted phakic IOL (Staar ICL; 16 eyes). The distance between the phakic IOL and the crystalline lens and the cornea as well as rotation around the optical axis was evaluated using Scheimpflug photography at 1, 3 to 6, and 12 months postsurgery. RESULTS: The anterior chamber phakic IOLs showed no significant movement in anteroposterior direction. The posterior chamber phakic IOL showed a significant movement toward the crystalline lens between postoperative months 3 and 12. The median amount of rotation around the optical axis between the 3- and the 12-month evaluation was 1.9 degrees (range = 0.0-33.5 degrees) for the NuVita, 0.6 degrees (range = 0.0-3.5 degrees) for the Artisan, and 0.9 degrees (range = 0.2-2.3 degrees) for the ICL. Four NuVita IOLs rotated more than 10 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The angle-supported anterior chamber phakic IOLs showed a generally stable position regarding distance to cornea and natural lens, but rotation was observed in four IOLs. The iris-fixated phakic IOL showed the highest overall stability. The posterior chamber phakic IOL was stable in terms of rotation but had a tendency to decrease in distance toward the crystalline lens. Intraocular lenses implanted in phakic eyes followed for 12 months demonstrate stable IOL position overall.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Use of digital photography in the Case orthodontic clinic.

In 2002, the orthodontic clinic at Case Western Reserve University totally converted to digital photography. We want to share the learning curve during this transition with clinicians planning the same change. A system and a protocol were developed for this transition; they have been in use for over a year. This system allows the handling of digital cameras when there are more clinicians than cameras; it can be applied to various specialties or fields.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2006

Structure-function relationships of Ca spark activity in normal and failing cardiac myocytes as revealed by flash photography.

We describe the two-dimensional imaging of excitation-induced Ca gradients in isolated myocytes under physiological conditions, using a novel method of flash photography of fluo-3 fluorescence. This method is useful for showing the spatial distribution and reproducibility of rapidly triggered Ca release events, and their relationship to underlying structures. In normal rat myocytes, Ca sparks were evident 6ms after stimulation emerging from around t-tubules, as judged by co-localization with di-8-ANEPPS staining. Gaps in the spark pattern coincided with gaps in di-8-ANEPPS staining. Vacuolar fluo-3 uptake, previously identified as lysosomal, was prominent in some of the gaps, suggesting possible areas of t-tubule turnover. In normal dog myocytes, the beat-to-beat variance of Ca sparks was very low, t-tubular voids were small, and Ca gradients resolved rapidly. In myocytes from dogs with failure induced by rapid pacing, a reduced Ca transient was observed associated with increased areas that were void of sparks and t-tubules, and a greater beat-to-beat spark variance. These abnormalities resulted in a non-uniform spatial distribution of sparks, leading to Ca gradients across the cell that persisted for longer times after stimulation. Such Ca gradients could cause heterogeneous contraction and contribute to contractile failure.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Nicephor[e]: a web-based solution for teaching forensic and scientific photography.

Nicephor[e] is a project funded by "Swiss Virtual Campus" and aims at creating a distant or mixed web-based learning system in forensic and scientific photography and microscopy. The practical goal is to organize series of on-line modular courses corresponding to the educational requirements of undergraduate academic programs. Additionally, this program could be used in the context of continuing educational programs. The architecture of the project is designed to guarantee a high level of knowledge in forensic and scientific photographic techniques, and to have an easy content production and the ability to create a number of different courses sharing the same content. The e-learning system Nicephor[e] consists of three different parts. The first one is a repository of learning objects that gathers all theoretical subject matter of the project such as texts, animations, images, and films. This repository is a web content management system (Typo3) that permits creating, publishing, and administrating dynamic content via a web browser as well as storing it into a database. The flexibility of the system's architecture allows for an easy updating of the content to follow the development of photographic technology. The instructor of a course can decide which modular contents need to be included in the course, and in which order they will be accessed by students. All the modular courses are developed in a learning management system (WebCT or Moodle) that can deal with complex learning scenarios, content distribution, students, tests, and interaction with instructor. Each course has its own learning scenario based on the goals of the course and the student's profile. The content of each course is taken from the content management system. It is then structured in the learning management system according to the pedagogical goals defined by the instructor. The modular courses are created in a highly interactive setting and offer autoevaluating tests to the students. The last part of the system is a digital assets management system (Extensis Portfolio). The practical portion of each course is to produce images of different marks or objects. The collection of all this material produced, indexed by the students and corrected by the instructor is essential to the development of a knowledge base of photographic techniques applied to a specific forensic subject. It represents also an extensible collection of different marks from known sources obtained under various conditions. It allows to reuse these images for creating image-based case files.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2006

The medical and ethical aspects of photography in the sexual assault examination: why does it offend?

This paper reviews the literature in respect to the photo-colposcopic examination of anogenital injury in the sexually assaulted child, considered to be the 'gold standard' of examination, and how this compares with gross visualisation, still the standard procedure in adult examinations. It then examines the claim that, because the presence of injury does not provide a distinction between consensual and non-consensual intercourse in adults, photo-documentation is unnecessary medically and constitutes an invasive procedure which is ethically unacceptable. The paper questions whether the unwillingness of forensic physicians to extend photo-colposcopy to the examination of adult victims is related more to political and gender issues than to claims made on ethical and medical grounds, and concludes that any move to ban anogenital photography in adult forensic examinations (currently under consideration in the author's own jurisdiction) would possibly constitute an interference with independent clinical judgment and an incursion into the patient's right to evidence-based medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Camera adapter for anterior segment slitlamp photography.

We describe an original, affordable and readily accessible slit lamp camera adapter. This is easily assembled from parts already available in most eye units, allowing ready access to anterior segment photography, using both digital and analog cameras.

Anterior Eye Segment↗
PubMed2002

Reliability of retinal photography in the assessment of retinal microvascular characteristics: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

PURPOSE: Retinal microvascular characteristics, as graded from retinal photography, have been shown to predict stroke. We evaluated the reliability of retinal photographic grading in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: Retinal photographs were taken of all subjects who attended the third Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study examination (1993 to 1995). These were graded using standardized protocols. Focal retinal characteristics were graded using a "light box" system. Generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing was quantified from computer-assisted measurements of digitized photographs. Two sub-studies were conducted to investigate the reliability of these grading methods. In the Individual Variability Study, selected subjects (n = 206) had two retinal photographs taken on one day, and a further one or two photographs taken 3 weeks later. In the Grader Variability Study, a stratified random sample of photographs had repeat retinal grading (n = 495 photographs for light box grading; n = 276 photographs for computer-assisted grading). RESULTS: Reliability of the computer-assisted quantification of generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing was high in both studies (reliability coefficients 0.64 to 0.69 for Individual Variability Study, and 0.79 to 0.83 for the Grader Variability Study). There was more variability for focal abnormalities graded using the light box system. Variability for Individual Variability Study (same individuals, repeat photographs) tended to be greater than for the Grader Variability Study (same photographs, repeat gradings). CONCLUSION: Retinal microvascular characteristics, especially computer-assisted quantification of generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing, can be ascertained reliably by standardized photographic grading methods, supporting the validity of their associations with cardiovascular disease. However, these characteristics appear to vary somewhat between eyes and over time in a single individual.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Stereoscopic photography with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

Digital fundus angiography has advantages over conventional photography. However, digital angiography as it is normally performed, provides no stereoscopic information. Because stereoscopic data can be crucial in the evaluation of conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, we developed methods to record stereoscopic information during video angiography with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope and to produce high-quality static stereoscopic images. Stereoscopic information was collected by moving the scanning laser ophthalmoscope side-to-side and with a modified Allen separator. Stereoscopic images were displayed as stereoscopic pairs on 35-mm film, stereoscopic pairs from a digital printer, and as stereoscopic images directly on a conventional video monitor. This system to capture and display stereoscopic information is convenient, uses readily available technology, and can be adapted to any digital angiography system.

Fluorescein Angiography↗
PubMed1983

A simple methods of instant close-up photography.

In the ophthalmic examination, photographs document both normal and pathologic findings in patients. Thus, they constitute an invaluable part of the medical record. High-quality external photographs, produced quickly and inexpensively, are particularly helpful as a surgeon's reference in blepharoplasty, blepharoptosis correction, and other oculoplastic procedures. Instant-camera photography is also useful in the evaluation of ocular motility and neuro-ophthalmic disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Sperm velocity and percentage of motility in 100 normospermic specimens analyzed by the multiple exposure photography (MEP) method.

Specimens from 100 fertile or potentially fertile men with sperm counts above 20 million/ml were analyzed objectively by the new multiple exposure photography method (MEP). The following results (means and standard deviations) were obtained: sperm concentration, 66 million/ml +/- 47; percentage of motile spermatozoa, 45% +/- 18; speed of motile spermatozoa, 30.3 micrometer/second +/- 5.5; abnormal forms, 29% +/- 10.2; average motility index (product of sperm speed and fraction of motile spermatozoa), 14 +/- 7.5. Low correlations were found between sperm concentration, percentage of motility, and spermatozoal velocity. Moderate correlations were found between percentage of motility and spermatozoal velocity. Negative moderate correlations were found between abnormal forms and spermatozoal velocity as well as between abnormal forms and percentage of motility. The differences between some of our results and those obtained by others are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Time-lapse photography: a novel tool to study normal morphogenesis and the diseased hepatobiliary system in children.

The etiology of biliary atresia (BA) and many other childhood cholangiopathies remains unknown. To investigate the normal and diseased hepatobiliary system in vitro, we isolated and cultured biliary epithelial cells (BEC) from a number of species including man. Time-lapse video microscopy was used to study cell movements in vitro, and demonstrated the characteristic morphologic appearance of the BEC and their interactions with hepatocytes and other cell types on artificial biosynthetic materials. The cells remain attached and viable in routine culture conditions; however, when placed onto or within a source of extracellular matrix, the cells move off the surface and form characteristic morphologic patterns, which on time-lapse video are consistent with tube or duct formation. These findings suggest that time-lapse photography may be a useful tool for in vitro studies of normal morphogenesis of the hepatobiliary system and may enable us to better understand biliary atresia and other childhood cholangiopathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Foot switch photography with a lecture scope in cystourethroscopy.

Photography during cystourethroscopy has been made lighter and easier with a new system involving a special lecture scope and a 16 mm. camera. With this system endoscopic photographs can be made by pushing a foot pedal. Therefore, the system allows for free movement and full control of the cystourethroscope. Bright and sharp photographs are produced, making them useful in the diagnosis of a case. In addition, the same view can be observed by an operator and an assistant simultaneously.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Color photography in open urological surgery.

The quality of intraoperative color slide photography can be improved by 1) orienting the viewer with landmark outline and constant camera position during the procedure, 2) brown gloves to avoid contrast within the operative field, 3) blue sponges to absorb blood, 4) contrasting stay sutures or tapes and 5) taking multiple pictures at different exposures. These points are illustrated with the photographic record of the repair of multiple renal artery aneurysms to provide the urologist with helpful hints in the recording of his interesting or challenging operative procedures.

Aneurysm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterizing benthic substrates of Santa Monica Bay with seafloor photography and multibeam sonar imagery.

Seafloor photography from three cruises is combined with multibeam sonar imagery to characterize benthic substrates and associated fauna of Santa Monica Bay, California. The multibeam EM1000 imagery was collected in 1996. Two sampling cruises (in 1998 and 1999) provided photographs at 142 sites throughout the Bay; a final cruise (in 2000) collected still photographs and continuous video along nine transects on the mainland shelf from Pt. Dume to the Palos Verdes peninsula. Muddy substrates (typically low backscatter) were the predominant habitat throughout the Santa Monica Bay, from the 20 m isobath to the adjacent Santa Monica basin floor (780 m). Bioturbation was pervasive as evidenced by abundant open burrows, mounds, and faunal tracks and trails. Sandy substrates (typically intermediate to high backscatter) were restricted to the innermost mainland shelf and a narrow outer shelf band north of Santa Monica Canyon. Cobble and gravel substrates (high backscatter) were restricted to the innermost shelf south of El Segundo and limited parts of the shelf edge. Rocky substrates (high backscatter) with interspersed patches of sand and gravel occurred on the high-relief marginal plateau and along parts of the shelf break offshore of Malibu.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1999

The uses of digital photography in dermatology.

Digital photography is a powerful tool that is transforming the specialty of dermatology by integrating patient and practice management. The fundamentals of digital imaging are discussed, and an approach to the selection of a digital camera and its associated hardware and software is provided. The applications of this technology to patient and practice management are addressed, and the ethical implications of digital tampering are also discussed.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1995

Exploring the concept of health among adolescents with diabetes using photography.

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the concept of health among adolescents with diabetes. Photography was used to facilitate communication. Participants were given Polaroid cameras with instructions to take pictures illustrating health. They were then asked to explain in writing how their pictures demonstrated the concept. The participants produced 46 pictures and 53 descriptive expressions, which were analyzed for content. Health was described as energy, positive feelings, absence of illness, strength, activity, fitness, mental ability, and relationships. There were also descriptions of what one does to be healthy, which included eating nutritious food, exercising, engaging in diabetes-related care, sleeping, studying, relaxing, maintaining hygiene, and obtaining shelter.

Adolescent↗