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PubMed1993

Epidemiology of human infections by Pasteurella and related groups in France.

A retrospective study of infections due to Pasteurella (P.) and related groups was performed between the Pasteurella National Center and Nancy's hospital from 1985 to 1991. Among the 958 cases recorded, wound infections (bites, scratches and punctures) were the common forms of pasteurellosis (66%) caused by P. multocida (48%), P. canis (11%), P. dagmatis (5%), P. stomatis (4%), and in few cases by groups EF-4 and M-5 (14 and 13%, respectively). In human infections unrelated to animal wounds, respiratory tract diseases and bacteremia-septicemia were the predominant infections with respectively 19 and 11%, and caused by P. multocida. Next in importance were urogenital (2.5%), abdominal (1%) and central nervous system (< 1%) infections. The majority of animal bite wound infections was treated with penicillins or tetracyclines; with other forms, penicillins and cephalosporins were more likely.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pasteurella caballi infection following a horse bite.

The isolation of Pasteurella caballi from an horse-bite wound in a 56-year-old man is reported. Biochemical characteristics are described and compared with the other species representing the genus Pasteurella. This strain probably represents the first human isolate of P. caballi in France.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Meningitis from canine Pasteurella multocida following mastoidectomy.

A case of Pasteurella multocida meningitis, following a mastoidectomy is presented. The association of close contact with pets, many of which harbour Pasteurella multocida as part of their normal buccal flora. This case confirms the potential benefit of taking an ear swab prior to mastoid surgery and in seeking an appropriate 'pet' history.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with Pasteurella multocida meningitis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Pasteurella multocida meningitis associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old woman employed in a dog pound presented herself to hospital with fever and meningismus and was found to have culture positive Pasteurella multocida meningitis. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment her clinical course was characterized by a persistent fever and worsening encephalopathy, which prompted further neurological investigation. Spinal fluid exam and serial MRI scans as well as her one-year clinical course were found to be compatible with ADEM. CONCLUSION: Persistent fever and worsening encephalopathy in meningitis may indicate a para-infectious immune process such as ADEM, and may serve as indications for further neurological investigation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Ultrastructural observation of nasal and pulmonary intracellular Pasteurella multocida A:3 in rabbits.

Sixteen 8- to 9-week-old Pasteurella multocida-free rabbits were divided into two equal groups. Eight rabbits in one group were inoculated intranasally with P. multoida type A:3. The other eight were inoculated intranasally with phosphate-buffered saline and used as controls. Nasal swabs taken before and after inoculation were cultured for bacterial isolation. Post-mortem nasal swabs and lung samples were cultured for bacteriological isolation. Nasal mucosa and lung samples were collected and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the nasal cavity of all infected rabbits and from the lungs of four infected rabbits. Degenerative ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells and endothelial cells were seen in the infected rabbits. Deciliation of the ciliated epithelium and hyperplasia of the goblet cells in the nasal mucosa were noted. Thickening of the alveolar septa due to hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, swelling of the endothelial lining of capillaries and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also observed. Intracellular invasion of the nasal epithelial cells and of type II pneumocytes by the organism was observed. Coccobacilli were observed in membrane-bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm of these cells. The vacuoles were adjacent to the host-cell mitochondria and some of these vacuoles appeared to be fused to the mitochondrial membrane. Some type I pneumocytes with intracellular membrane-bound vacuoles containing bacterial cells showed protrusions, which appeared to detach into the alveolar lumina. These results indicated that P. multocida serotype A:3 in rabbits can invade the epithelial cell and cause structural changes in the interstitium, epithelium and endothelium. Heterophils and macrophages appear to play important roles in tissue injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pasteurella multocida infections in mice with reference to haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffalo.

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an infectious disease of cattle and buffalo caused by particular serotypes of Pasteurella multocida and is one of the most economically important livestock diseases in South-East Asia. While HS has been recognized for many years, very little is understood about the disease, primarily because of the expense of cattle and a lack of suitable animal models. The suitability of using mice to study HS was assessed using parameters such as the critical pathogenic dose, kinetics of infection, pathology of disease and resistance to reinfection. Pasteurella multocida M1404, the type strain for Carter group B, the serotype responsible for Asian HS, was injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice. As few as 20 colony forming units produced an overwhelming septicaemia in mice in less than 30 h. The kinetics of infection demonstrated a very rapid in vivo multiplication rate. There was no evidence of inhibition of bacterial cell growth by natural host defence mechanisms, even with the very small inocula used. The gross pathology of the disease in mice was characterized by splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and petechial haemorrhages similar to that observed in cattle and buffalo with HS. Mice were found to develop a short-lived resistance to reinfection following a primary infection which had been successfully treated with antibiotics. The mouse would seem to provide an ideal tool by which to study HS, but warrant further studies in order to be able to critically assess it as a model for this economically important disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Pasteurella multocida as a rare cause of neonatal meningitis].

Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), a Gram-negative bacillus is a typical commensal in the oropharynx of animals such as dogs and cats. Human diseases caused by P. multocida are rare and include respiratory infections, sepsis and meningitis. P. multocida infections are described predominantly in patients with underlying chronic disorders, in elderly patients or in infants < or = 1 year. We describe the case of a 3-week-old boy with meningitis due to Pasteurella multocida. P. multocida was also identified in oral swab and stool cultures of the pet cat. A direct contact between baby and cat was negated by the parents. The patient recovered without any neurological sequelae.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Interstitial pneumonia and sepsis due to a Pasteurella multocida infection].

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 65-year-old diabetic (requiring insulin during the last year) was admitted as an emergency because of a septic temperature rising to 40 degrees C with rigor, tachycardia (up to 120/min) and dyspnoea. On examination there was local reddening and swelling of the skin over the right thenar eminence and along the lower arm. Two days before admission a bad scratch had been inflicted on his right hand by a cat. He had first noticed the reddening and swelling 10 hours after the incident; 1 1/2 days after the scratch and 9-10 hours before hospitalization the first bouts of fever had occurred. EXAMINATIONS: The chest radiogram showed interstitial pneumonia. The clinical findings, the laboratory tests (white cell count 21 750/microliters, platelets 140,000/microliters, C-reactive protein 35 mg/l and positive blood cultures pointed to early septicaemia. The germ was identified as Pasteurella multocida two days after blood had been taken for culturing. HbA1c was 11.38%. TREATMENT AND COURSE: From the time of hospitalization the patient had been treated with ceftriaxon, 2 g daily intravenously, and also with erythromycin because atypical pneumonia had been the suspected diagnosis at first and acute chlamydia infection had at first not been excluded. The patient's general condition quickly improved and the fever started to go down a few hours after onset of treatment. Blood cultures became negative after the first administration of antibiotics. He was discharged in a good state on optimal insulin dosage. CONCLUSION: Pasteurella multocida is present in a high percentage of domestic animals and can be the cause of systemic infections in immunocompromised patients (e. g. poorly controlled diabetes mellitus).

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Pasteurella aerogenes.

A case of C6-C7 vertebral osteomyelitis due to Pasteurella aerogenes in a previously healthy 62-y-old man in the absence of any history of animal exposure, debilitating disease or immunosuppression is reported. Culture testing of biopsy samples of the vertebral body using the panels and database of the BBL Crystal enteric/non-fermenter system revealed that the infecting bacterium was P. aerogenes. Treatment with cloxacillin and gentamicin was followed by resolution of bone infection on serial follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans. Pasteurellae are primarily animal pathogens but are capable of producing a variety of local and systemic diseases in humans.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2002

Serum resistance of Pasteurella multocida in avian and porcine sera, and comparative virulence investigations of selected serum-sensitive and resistant strains in chickens.

Growth in serum of Pasteurella multocida and related species in chicken, turkey, duck and pig sera were compared, and selected serum-resistant and serum-sensitive strains were inoculated into 18-week-old layers. Eighty-seven field strains of Pasteurella spp. and nine reference strains representing different clones defined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) profiles were used in the study. Serum activity was measured by changes in the optical density (OD) of the serum after inoculation and incubation at 41 degrees C for chicken, turkey and duck serum and 39 degrees C for pig serum. Serum activity was measured by comparison with previously determined serum-resistant (P-1059) and serum-sensitive (CU vaccine) strains, and classified into highly serum-resistant, moderately serum-resistant and serum-sensitive. Strains of the same REA type were found to have identical growth curves and the same maximum OD values when tested in serum from the same host species. Turkey serum was shown to be less inhibitory to a wide range of P. multocida strains than chicken, duck and pig sera. Serum-resistant strains were demonstrated among avian as well as mammalian strains. Among the avian strains, the proportion of serum-resistant strains was higher in outbreak strains than in strains from apparently healthy carriers. Removal of the capsule from selected strains by hyaluronidase treatment failed to change the serum activity. The most severe lesions in experimentally infected chickens were produced by a serum-resistant strain; however, lesions were also found in chickens infected by serum-sensitive strains, indicating the involvement of multiple factors in the virulence of P. multocida. Further investigations on serum resistance are indicated in order to relate other host and bacterial factors responsible for the development of fowl cholera.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Clonal stability of Pasteurella multocida in free-range layers affected by fowl cholera.

Detailed longitudinal studies of the genetic stability of Pasteurella multocida ssp. multocida, the cause of fowl cholera, have not previously been carried out. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to provide detailed information on the genetic stability and diversity of P. multocida ssp. multocida in poultry flocks over time, enabling new insights into the molecular epidemiology of this important poultry pathogen. Longitudinal investigations of the rate and causes of mortality were carried out on two free-range layer farms (A and B) over a period of 11 months. The total mortality of two flocks, A1 and A2, on farm A were 62 and 91%, respectively, while the total mortality of a single flock B1 on farm B was 6%. Postmortem examinations were performed on 708 layers from flocks A1 and A2 and in 159 from flock B1. Fowl cholera was the main cause of mortality on both farms. Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from layers on both farms were characterized phenotypically and genotypically, and 322 isolates were identified as P. multocida ssp. multocida. The genetic diversity of 99 isolates from farm A and 31 from farm B was characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. The isolates on each farm had a unique restriction endonuclease analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis type, suggesting a single introduction of a successful clone. Furthermore the clone on farm A was identical to clones previously isolated from outbreaks in the avifauna of Denmark in 1996 and 2001 and in Sweden in 1998. This study provides convincing evidence for the clonal stability of outbreak clones of P. multocida.

Aging↗
PubMed2002

Wound infection with Neisseria weaveri and a novel subspecies of pasteurella multocida in a child who sustained a tiger bite.

A 7-year-old girl developed a wound infection as a result of a tiger bite she sustained. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the causative organisms were Neisseria weaveri and what is, to our knowledge, a previously undescribed subspecies of Pasteurella multocida, for which we propose the designation "Pasteurella multocida subspecies tigris subspecies nov."

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Infective endocarditis due to Pasteurella dagmatis: case report and review.

We report a case of endocarditis due to Pasteurella dagmatis complicated by vertebral osteomyelitis in a 55-year-old former alcoholic woman. To our knowledge, this is the second report of endocarditis attributed to that organism in the English-language medical literature. Rare cases of endocarditis due to other Pasteurella species and their varied clinical features are summarized.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pasteurella multocida tonsillitis: case report and review.

Pasteurella multocida is frequently part of the normal flora of the nasopharynx and digestive tract of several wild and domestic animals. Although P. multocida can produce a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, only four previous cases of tonsillitis caused by this organism have been reported. We present a case of pasteurella tonsillitis in a 30-year-old female who was exposed through her cat, which manifested upper respiratory symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Plasmid-mediated florfenicol resistance in Pasteurella trehalosi.

OBJECTIVES: A florfenicol-resistant Pasteurella trehalosi isolate from a calf was investigated for the presence and the location of the gene floR. METHODS: The P. trehalosi isolate 13698 was investigated for its in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and its plasmid content. A 14.9 kb plasmid, designated pCCK13698, was identified by transformation into Pasteurella multocida to mediate resistance to florfenicol, chloramphenicol and sulphonamides. The plasmid was sequenced completely and analysed for its structure and organization. RESULTS: Plasmid pCCK13698 exhibited extended similarity to plasmid pHS-Rec from Haemophilus parasuis including the region carrying the parA, repB, rec and int genes. Moreover, it revealed similarities to plasmid RSF1010 in the parts covering the mobC and repA-repC genes and to plasmid pMVSCS1 in the parts covering the sul2-catA3-strA gene cluster. Moreover, the floR gene area corresponded to that of transposon TnfloR. In addition, two complete insertion sequences were detected that were highly similar to IS1593 from Mannheimia haemolytica and IS26 from Enterobacteriaceae. Several potential recombination sites were identified that might explain the development of plasmid pCCK13698 by recombination events. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that in the bovine pathogen P. trehalosi, floR-mediated resistance to chloramphenicol and florfenicol was associated with a plasmid, which also carried functionally active genes for resistance to sulphonamides (sul2) and chloramphenicol (catA3). This is to the best of our knowledge the first report of resistance genes in P. trehalosi and only the second report of the presence of a florfenicol-resistance gene in target bacteria of the family Pasteurellaceae.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Reduction of mortality in specific-pathogen-free layer chickens by a caprine serum fraction after infection with Pasteurella multocida.

Caprine serum was fractionated by size, and its proteinaceous material <8,000 Da [caprine serum fraction immunomodulator 2 (CSF-I2)] was evaluated for its ability to impart immunoresistance to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer chickens. The SPF layers were challenged with 18 to 30 cfu of Pasteurella multocida X-73 (serotype 1) at 5 wk of age. A high degree of mortality was apparent 24 and 48 h later (62+/-14% and 88+/-7%, respectively). Mortality observed after 48 h was minimal. Noting the rapid onset of mortality, we administered CSF-I2 (material that expressed no direct antimicrobial activity but was believed to be an immunostimulant) 1 d before challenge and coincident to time of challenge. The group of birds that received CSF-I2 (either 5 or 10 mg per administration) expressed significant reduction in mortality throughout the 1-wk study period. Reduction in mortality appeared to be dose dependent. Birds that received two administrations of 10 mg CSF-I2 had significantly fewer deaths than did the group of birds that received half that amount. No deaths were recorded through 24 h, whereas, at 48 h, the percentage mortality was 13 in CSF-I2-treated birds. This study demonstrates that one or more small molecular weight compounds isolated from caprine serum were able to reduce mortality in SPF layers infected with Pasteurella multocida.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Posttraumatic Pasteurella multocida meningitis.

The patient described was immunologically compromised by multisystem trauma. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the respiratory tract and subsequently from the cerebrospinal fluid; direct spread apparently occurred by way of a basilar skull fracture. Sepsis was absent. He was successfully treated but subsequently had hydrocephalus, which has not previously been reported to occur after P multocida meningitis. Because of the opportunistic nature of this infrequent human commensal and the significant morbidity and mortality associated with it, we believe that isolation of Pasteurella multocida from the respiratory tract justifies treatment, especially in the compromised host.

Adult↗