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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Forensic discrimination of automotive paint samples using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with multivariate statistics

Analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) has been a standard method for the forensic analysis of automotive paint for a number of decades. Automotive paints are often identified by visual comparison of pyrograms for peak presence and intensities; however, such analyses can be subjective and time consuming. A preliminary investigation based on Py-GC-mass spectrometric analysis of 100 automobile paint samples of five different colors is presented. Designed experiments are employed to select pyrolysis conditions for adequate discrimination. Pattern recognition techniques including principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis are used to visualize clustering of pyrograms to validate comparisons between different automotive paint pyrograms. These methods have the potential to ease the interpretation task for data sets involving a large number of comparisons.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Painting Qa-2 onto Ped slow preimplantation embryos increases the rate of cleavage.

PROBLEM: Qa-2 protein, the Ped gene product, is linked to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Some GPI-linked proteins can be spontaneously incorporated into the membranes of cells via a technique called "protein painting."We investigated whether Qa-2 could be painted onto T cells and embryos and whether the painted protein would be functional. METHOD OF STUDY: Incorporation of Qa-2 into the membranes of T cells and embryos was measured by FACScan and Immuno-PCR, respectively. Function of Qa-2 was measured by cell proliferation. RESULTS: Qa-2 was incorporated by T cells and embryos and was functional. CONCLUSION: GPI-linked Qa-2 protein "painted" onto both T cells and preimplantation embryos is functional, as shown by increased proliferation of T cells after cross-linking with anti-Qa-2 antibody, and increased rate of cleavage division of the embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Arthritis in Flemish paintings (1400-1700).

A close examination of the hands of people depicted in paintings of the Flemish school showed that in five paintings there were figures with hand lesions resembling those of rhematoid arthritis. Although none of the deformities or swellings are indisputable examples of rheumatoid arthritis, they do at least suggest that the painters must have been confronted with rheumatoid-like lesions in their models. In two other paintings there were signs of rheumatic fever and of temporal arteritis. No arthritic lesions were found in the works of painters of the Italian Renaissance, probably because they are less detailed. The finding of rheumatoid deformities in the Flemish paintings does, however, question the general belief that rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that has arisen relatively recently.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Value of chromosome painting in determining the chromosomal outcome in offspring of a 12;16 translocation carrier.

We currently use direct and reverse chromosome painting in prenatal diagnosis. In a family with a subtle 12;16 translocation, adjacent 1 segregation was diagnosed in the first child, a boy, in whom symptoms compatible with partial trisomy 16p and partial monosomy 12q were seen. In the next pregnancy, a chorionic villus biopsy was tested using chromosome painting. Only by supplementing conventional cytogenetic methods with molecular cytogenetic techniques could the true karyotype be unequivocally determined. Reverse painting, using DOP-PCR amplified, flow sorted paternal derivative chromosomes as a DNA library to paint the chorionic villus cells, was especially informative.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2003

Array painting: a method for the rapid analysis of aberrant chromosomes using DNA microarrays.

OBJECTIVE: The authors describe a method, termed array painting, which allows the rapid, high resolution analysis of the content and breakpoints of aberrant chromosomes. METHODS: Array painting is similar in concept to reverse chromosome painting and involves the hybridisation of probes generated by PCR of small numbers of flow sorted chromosomes on large insert genomic clone DNA microarrays. RESULTS: and CONCLUSIONS: By analysing patients with cytogenetically balanced chromosome rearrangements, the authors show the effectiveness of array painting as a method to map breakpoints prior to cloning and sequencing chromosome rearrangements.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Painting of defined chromosomal regions by in situ suppression hybridization of libraries from laser-microdissected chromosomes.

"Painting" of defined chromosomal regions provides a powerful tool for cytogenetic analyses. Here, we demonstrate that chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS)-hybridization of DNA libraries derived by microcloning laser-microdissected chromosomal regions can be applied to achieve this goal. As an example, we used unbanded metaphase spreads from a female patient carrying a balanced translocation. t(1;7)(1qter----1p36::7q11----7qter). Fragments from the long arms of 130 translocation chromosomes were microdissected. After microcloning, human inserts with an average size of about 3 kb were pooled from 400 recombinant bacteriophage DNA clones and used as a complex probe set in CISS-hybridization experiments. This resulted in painting of the translocation chromosome along the region 7q35 to 1p31. Painted chromosomal subregions in normal chromosomes 1 and 7 were consistent with this finding. This approach may be used to perform painting of any chromosome regions for which microlibraries can be established. Possible applications include the definition of marker chromosomes in clinical and tumor cytogenetics and studies of chromosomal evolution, as well as studies of nuclear chromosome topography in animal and plant species.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1995

The development of painting probes for dual-color and multiple chromosome analysis in the mouse.

The recent development of mouse chromosome painting probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization has extended the use of this common laboratory mammal in cytogenetics. We now report the development of additional painting probes by degenerate-oligonucleotide-primed PCR on chromosomes from mouse lung fibroblast cultures, each homozygous for a single Robertsonian translocation chromosome. These probes are for Rb(1.2), Rb(1.3), Rb(4.6), and Rb(6.7). Probes were also made for the sex chromosomes by isolating shoulders from larger peaks (X) or small, clearly resolved peaks (Y) in the flow karyotype. Combinations of probes were used to paint four chromosomes simultaneously in a single color. Multicolor painting was achieved with a biotinylated Rb(1.2) probe and a digoxigenin-labeled Rb(2.8) probe. Each of the three different homologous pairs was uniquely colored by avidin-Texas Red, anti-digoxigenin-FITC, or both simultaneously. These results extend the usefulness of the mouse as a model for understanding adverse environmental exposures and genetic diseases in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Is FISH painting an appropriate biological marker for dose estimates of suspected accidental radiation overexposure? A review of cases investigated in France from 1995 to 1996.

From 1995 to 1996 about 15 people suspected of being overexposed to ionizing radiation were referred to the Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection in Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, for investigation by chromosome aberration analysis. Biological estimates of accidental overexposure were first obtained by scoring radio-induced unstable structural chromosome aberrations (dicentrics, centric rings, and fragments) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. For dose estimates, the yield of these chromosomal aberrations observed in 500 metaphases was compared with the laboratory dose-response relationship established from human blood irradiated in vitro (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). To extend the possibilities of detecting DNA damage from earlier exposures by visualizing stable chromosome aberrations, chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH painting) was developed using a cocktail of three composite whole human chromosome-specific DNA probes (numbers 2, 4, and 12). A laboratory calibration curve for scoring terminal and/or reciprocal translocations was established for the same radiation quality and dose rate as those used for conventional cytogenetics (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). For dosimetry purposes, it was also important to verify whether FISH painting could be applied to each human blood sample assessed for conventional expertise. For each individual, 2000 metaphases were scored for the presence or absence of reciprocal and terminal translocations. We present here a comparison between the results obtained by the two technologies for each of the cases studied separately. We describe their similarities or differences and discuss the suitability of using FISH painting for routine expertise analysis.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Painting of human chromosome 8 in fifteen minutes.

The technique of chromosome-in-situ suppression (CISS)-hybridization (chromosome painting) has now been well established. However, all standard protocols so far require long renaturation times (typically 12 hours and more). Here, we describe a new, extremely fast protocol for chromosome painting using a commercially available, directly fluorescence labelled probe for chromosome 8. The hybridization conditions used omit separate preannealing procedures and denaturing chemical agents. The renaturation time required for chromosome painting was reduced to 15 minutes. In addition, most washing steps were eliminated. As a consequence, the entire painting procedure was feasible in less than half an hour.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8↗
PubMed2003

Tooth brush abrasion of paint-on resins for shade modification of crown and bridge resins.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and resistance to toothbrush abrasion of three experimental paint-on composite resins developed for the shade modification of crown and bridge resins. The paint-on resins had less filler volume fraction than restorative composites or the crown and bridge resins and consequently were of low viscosity. The maximum surface roughness (Rmax) and the maximum depth loss by abrasion for the paint-on resins following 40,000 cycles of brushing ranged from 2.45 to 4.07 microm and 8.63 to 13.67 microm, respectively. Rmax values were 37.7-67.5% lower than that for the crown and bridge resin subjected to the same test. Wear depth was 19.9-49.4% lower than for the crown and bridge resin. These results suggest that the paint-on resins are expected to have adequate resistance to toothbrush abrasion and may therefore be suitable for clinical use.

Color↗
PubMed2004

Optical and color stabilities of paint-on resins for shade modification of restorative resins.

The purpose of this study was to examine the optical and color stabilities of the paint-on resin used for shade modification of restorative resins. Three shades of paint-on resin and two crown and bridge resins were used. The light transmittance characteristics of the materials during accelerated aging tests such as water immersion, toothbrush abrasion, ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, and staining tests were measured. Discolorations of materials resulting from tests were also determined. There were no significant effects of water immersion, toothbrush abrasion and UV light irradiation on the light transmittance and visible color change of paint-on resins, whereas the staining tests significantly decreased the light transmittance and increased color change of the translucent shades of materials. Our results indicate that the paint-on resins exhibit stable optical properties and color appearance, which are at least as good as the crown and bridge resins.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1994

[The louse in Dutch seventeenth-century painting].

In the XVIIth century, physicians still considered that lice are issued from the body excretions by a "spontaneous generation" phonomenon. It does not disturb the patients who continue to treat themselves by delousing. This is painted very often in Dutch paintings from this century, especially in "genre painting", which is specific of Holland. Delousing is not only anecdotical, but has a deeper meaning has, it is symbolic of the good care that women must take of their children, but also a symbol of human sins and bad behaviour. Through the paintings of several Dutch painters, lice can therefore give an idea of the XVIIth century Dutch society.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Farmers' paintings promote family planning.

Longyan Prefecture in West Fujian has a long and noble tradition of folk painting. The local authorities have made use of all forms of art, including folk painting, to promote the implementation of the family planning program. Folk painters in Longyan Prefecture have fully displayed their talent in producing numerous paintings to increase the population awareness of the public, depict people's keenness to respond to calls by the government for practicing family planning, and show the progress they have made in integrating family planning with economic development in rural areas. Most painters are farmers, while some are grassroots government officials working in towns and townships. They applied this ancient form of art to serving the great cause of controlling population growth and improving the quality of life in the country. Selected paintings were exhibited first in Fujian Province and then in Beijing, and have won several awards. Some of them were shown in Britain, America, Denmark, and the Philippines.

Advertising↗
PubMed1979

Contact sensitivity and the DNA response in mice to high and low doses of oxazolone: low dose unresponsiveness following painting and feeding and its prevention by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide.

Cyclophosphamide was used to assess the role of suppressor cells in the contact sensitivity reaction. A single painting with 300 microgram and 30 microgram oxazolone produced poor contact sensitivity reactions (ear swelling). Cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) 2 days before painting increased the response to the lower doses but had less effect on the response to 3 mg oxazolone. A single feed with 10 mg oxazolone caused strong contact sensitivity while lower doses (10-1000 microgram) caused poor responses. Cyclophosphamide increased the response to the lower doses but not to the highest dose of oxazolone. These results suggested that the poor response to painting and feeding lower doses of oxazolone was due to a suppressor system which was sensitive to cyclophosphamide. A different result was obtained when contact sensitivity was measured by arrival of radioactively labelled cells. Cyclophosphamide had the greatest effect on cell arrival when high doses were fed. This indicates that ear swelling and cell arrival measure separate aspects of the contact sensitivity response. The lower doses of oxazolone, which caused little contact sensitivity, reduced the response to a standard immunizing dose. This low dose unresponsiveness occurred after either painting or feeding (Chase-Sulzberger phenomenon). It did not occur in mice treated with cyclophosphamide before the first exposure to oxazolone. This suggested that the low dose unresponsiveness was due to suppressor cells. The response to oxazolone was also assessed by DNA synthesis in the regional lymph nodes. A small dose of oxazolone (30 microgram) caused a peak of DNA synthesis on day four while a high dose (3 mg) caused a peak on day three. Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide depressed the response to 30 microgram although it increased contact sensitivity. The secondary response was smaller than the primary on days 3, 4 and 5 after immunization but larger on day two. The depression but not the increase was prevented by cyclophosphamide and was probably due to a suppressor system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Use of chromosome painting for marker chromosome identification in two children with congenital disorders.

Identification of supernumerary de novo marker chromosomes was considered up to now as difficult and sometimes impossible with classical cytogenetical banding methods. The determination of their chromosomal origin is now easier with fluorescent in situ hybridisation techniques and enables an exact correlation between chromosomal aberration and phenotypic features to be established. The authors describe the use of chromosome painting with chromosome 13 and 18 Whole library DNA probe for identification of supernumerary markers in tow patients with congenital disorders. Cytogenetic examination in the first cave revealed a mosaicism with a ring chromosome 13 but clinical findings were different from the classical "ring 13 syndrome', and chromosome painting revealed in an extra--dicentric 13 chromosome (mos : 47, XX, -13, +r (13) +dic (13) / 46, XX, r (13) / 45, XX, -13 / 48, XX, -13, +r (13), (12) dic (13) / 47, XX, -13, + (2) r (13), R-banding pattern on prometaphases and chromosome painting in the second case confirmed the marker to be a 18 p isochromosome (47, XX, +i (18p)). The feasibility and the usefulness of chromosome painting in ascertainment of the possible genetic significance of markers is discussed.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromosome painting and quantitative karyotyping of colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, DLD-1 and HCT-15.

Chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine abnormalities identified by G-banding in colon cancer lines, DLD-1 (ATCC CCL 221) and HCT-15 (CCL 225). DNA libraries from chromosomes comprising these abnormalities (i.e., N2, N8, N11, N16, N17 and N20) were used to prepare paint probes by PCR amplification. Of these paint probes, N2 and N8 exhibited additional chromosome-specific hybridization signals on centromeres that were also useful as a marker for chromosome identification. Results from FISH-painting and G-band analysis were consistent and permitted our quantitative analysis on karyotype evolution in vitro. In DLD-1, predominant cells having trisomic N20 in early passages were replaced by others with disomic N20 in late passages resulting in the trisomic 2p13-23 segment as the only deviation from the diploid content. In HCT-15, predominant cells having t(16;16) and double Y chromosome copies in early passages were replaced by those bearing the paired N16 and single Y chromosome in later passages. Thus cultures changed from the predominant hyperdiploidy to the sole pseudodiploidy with increased number of normal chromosomes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Persistence of radiation-induced translocations in human peripheral blood determined by chromosome painting.

We have investigated the persistence of translocations and other types of chromosome damage with time using human peripheral blood acutely exposed in vitro to 137Cs gamma rays at doses ranging from 0.5 to 4 Gy. Freshly drawn blood from one donor was irradiated and metaphase chromosomes were prepared 2 to 7 days after exposure. Chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were painted red-orange and chromosomes 3, 5 and 6 were painted green by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using "semi-directly" labeled whole-chromosome painting probes. This type of labeling combines direct and indirect labeling and showed significant advantages over both these other methods. All types of structural chromosome aberrations were classified by the Protocol for Aberration Identification and Nomenclature Terminology (PAINT) system. The yields of dicentric chromosomes, acentric fragments and ring chromosomes diminished with time as expected. Translocations exhibited greater persistence but showed a clear and statistically significant reduction in frequency at all doses. The mathematical model suggested that the translocation frequencies would reach a plateau of approximately 4, 15, 51, 106 and 179 translocations per 100 cell equivalents after irradiation with 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy, respectively. When translocations were classified by the conventional system, an analysis of the distribution of translocations and dicentrics per cell indicated that both types of exchanges were Poisson-distributed 48 h postirradiation. However, cells bearing translocations have a higher possibility of having dicentrics than cells without translocations. These findings suggest that dicentrics may contribute to a decline of translocation frequencies with time, and that some translocations are not completely persistent. The results obtained here using human blood exposed in vitro may influence the use of translocations as a retrospective biodosimeter of exposure to ionizing radiation in humans.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2005

Raman spectroscopic analysis of the Maya wall paintings in Ek'Balam, Mexico.

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the examination of wall painting fragments from the archaeological site of Ek'Balam (Yucatán, Mexico). Thirty-three samples have been studied, all originating from room 23 of the Acropolis, and being representative of the painting technique at Ek'Balam during the late Classic Maya period. Several pigments such as haematite, calcite, carbon, cinnabar and indigo were identified in these samples. The latter pigment was presumed to be present as 'Maya blue', which is an intercalation product of indigo and palygorskite clay. The observed Raman spectra are reported and some band assignments have been made. This survey is the first Raman spectroscopic examination of a whole set of pigments in archaeological Maya wall painting fragments.

History, Ancient↗