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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A clinicopathological analysis of the efficacy of lodoxamide 0.1% eye drops on the conjunctiva of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis seen at Guinness Eye Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the efficacy of Lodoxamide 0.1 in the reduction of Clinicopathological signs of the conjunctiva in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, non-comparative, Convenient Interventional Case Series. PARTICIPANTS: One Hundred consecutive patients; 57 males and 43 females within age range 2-55 years diagnosed with active and untreated Vernal conjunctivitis were enrolled. Approval was obtained from Ethical committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi- Araba, Lagos. METHODS: Patients were given a bottle of Lodoxamide 0.1 each to instill four times daily into both eyes. Pre-treatment Clinical photographs and conjunctival biopsies were taken in 15 volunteered patients. Ocular signs and symptoms were evaluated on day 1 (baseline), days 2-3 (Interim) and then weekly for 6 weeks (final). Post treatment Clinical photographs and conjunctival biopsies were done at the 6th week. The conjunctival tissues were fixed for 24 hours in 10 Neutral buffered formalin prior to paraffin wax embedding and routinely stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stains. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Primary outcome was based on the reduction of inflammatory cells especially the eosinophils on histological micrographs. Secondary efficacy was based on the rate and extent of reduction of the severity scores of the clinical signs and symptoms. RESULTS: Lodoxamide 0.1 ophthalmic solution significantly reduced the density of the inflammatory cells especially eosinophils in the post treatment conjunctival biopsy cytology specimen. The mean physician severity scores for signs and symptoms consistently reduced from 72 hours of commencement of Lodoxamide with remarkable improvement in a week and complete resolution of all parameters at the end of 5th week. CONCLUSION: Lodoxamide 0.1 ophthalmic solution is highly effective in alleviating the clinical signs and symptoms of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis and its antiallergic activity is exerted by inhibiting migration of inflammatory cells mainly eosinophlis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Action of tioxamast on various models of anaphylactic shock, hyperreactivity and bronchial inflammation in guinea-pigs.

Tioxamast, an anti-allergic compound inhibiting the release and synthesis of certain mediators of allergy and having no major antagonist effect towards such mediators, was experimented on various models of anaphylactic shock, hyperreactivity and bronchial inflammation in guinea-pigs. Tioxamast does not reduce passive pulmonary anaphylactic shocks induced in anaesthetized or conscious guinea-pigs by i.v. challenge of antigen. Likewise, the compound has no effect on systemic hyperreactivity towards i.v. histamine induced in anaesthetized guinea-pigs after a passive anaphylactic shock caused by i.v. challenge of antigen. On the other hand, tioxamast inhibits passive pulmonary anaphylactic shock induced in guinea-pigs by antigen aerosol in conscious guinea-pigs. Likewise, tioxamast decreases hyperreactivity to inhalation of histamine or carbamylcholine obtained after an active or passive anaphylactic shock by aerosol in conscious guinea-pigs. The oxamate derivative attenuates the increase in number of eosinophils and mononuclear cells obtained in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 24 hr after an active anaphylactic shock induced by aerosol. The anti-allergic activity of tioxamast on the various models carried out in guinea-pigs thus appears when these models are induced by a challenge of antigen or mediator by inhalation.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1990

Effect of H1 and H2 receptor blockers on mobilization of myocardial carnosine to histamine during compound 48/80-induced shock in young rats.

Histamine exerts profound effects on the cardiovascular system during shock mediated by H1 and H2 receptors. The source of histamine is uncertain. It is our hypothesis that carnosine serves as a nonmast-cell reservoir for histidine, utilized for histamine synthesis during shock. We have shown that treatment of older rats with compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator, produces age-dependent lethal stress, which is prevented by lodoxamide (LOD), a mast cell degranulation inhibitor, is exacerbated by H2 receptor blockade, and is accompanied by increased mobilization of myocardial carnosine to histidine and histamine. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of H1 and H2 blockers on carnosine mobilization to histamine during 48/80-induced shock in young rats. Fifty male SD rats (125 g) were divided into nine groups: saline; LOD; H1 blocker diphenhydramine (DPH); H2 blocker cimetidine (CIM); 48/80; LOD + 48/80; DPH + 48/80; CIM + 48/80; and DPH + CIM + 48/80. All rats were sacrificed 30 min after final injections and hearts were analyzed via HPLC. There was a reduction in myocardial carnosine (P less than or equal to 0.01) and histidine (P less than or equal to 0.001) and a simultaneous increase in histamine (P less than or equal to 0.01, P less than or equal to 0.001) in animals receiving 48/80 or CIM + 48/80, respectively, compared to controls or groups pretreated with LOD, DPH, or DPH + CIM. These results indicate that 48/80-induced shock increases mobilization of myocardial carnosine and histidine to histamine, which supports a role for carnosine as a nonmast-cell histamine source.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Compliance in clinical trials of two nonbronchodilator, antiasthma medications.

An electronic monitoring device was used to assess patient compliance during clinical trials of two new aerosolized nonbronchodilator, antiasthma drugs. Compliance was poor, but similar, in both trials. Patients took the study drug as instructed on a mean of 37.3% days (range 10% to 77%) in one trial and 37.4% days (range 0% to 63%) in the other. Both underuse and overuse were observed. Underuse was seen on a mean of 38.9% days (range 9% to 81%) and 46.0% (range 15% to 80%) respectively; overuse on a mean of 23.5% days (range 6% to 54%) and 16.6% days (range 0% to 41%). In some patients ten or more activations of the device were recorded at the same time. In six patients such multiple simultaneous activations were recorded on two or more separate days. These patients were among the most noncompliant in the study. Multiple simultaneous activations frequently followed underuse days or preceded followup visits, suggesting the possibility of duplicity. Overall compliance was such that valid conclusions about efficacy of the drugs could only have been drawn in six of 34 patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Effect of histamine receptor antagonists on mortality in compound 48/80-induced shock.

The roles of histamine and H1 and H2 receptors in shock are uncertain. We have found that treatment of aged rats with compound 48/80 (a mast cell degranulator) produced lethal (LD99) shock which was completely prevented by lodoxamide (LOD), a mast cell degranulation inhibitor. This study evaluated the effect of H1 and H2 receptors and age on mortality of 48/80-induced shock in rats. To assess survival, 65 young male (125 g), 65 mature male (250 g) and 30 aged male (500 g) SD rats were placed in groups and treated intraperitoneally with saline; 48/80; LOD + 48/80; the H1 blocker diphenhydramine (DPH) + 48/80; the H2 blocker cimetidine (CIM) + 48/80; or DPH and CIM + 48/80. Rats were observed for 30 min or until death. All 125 g rats survived. Of the 250 g rats, 50% of 48/80-treated and 100% of CIM + 48/80-treated rats died; all others survived. All 500 g 48/80- and CIM + 48/80-treated rats died; all other 500 g rats survived. For all ages, survival differences between saline-, 48/80-, and CIM + 48/80-treated rats were highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.0001). In addition, both 48/80 and CIM + 48/80 greatly reduced mean survival time in the 250 g and 500 g groups (P less than or equal to 0.0001) compared to all other treatments. Both LOD and DPH were protective against 48/80, and DPH was also protective against CIM + 48/80, for both absolute survival and mean survival time (P less than or equal to 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lack of significant arrhythmogenicity from chronic theophylline and beta-2-adrenergic combination therapy in asthmatic subjects.

We monitored 14 asthmatic subjects (aged 18 to 60 years), with multiple 24-hour electrocardiogram (Holter) recordings, who were taking continuous sustained-release theophylline and beta-2-adrenergic therapy for control of their symptoms. All of the patients were enrolled in an efficacy study for the antiasthmatic drug lodoxamide. No patient demonstrated intrinsic cardiac disease by history or by a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recording prior to entry into the study. All of the patients were stable at the beginning of the study while on therapeutic theophylline concentrations and inhaled and oral beta-2-adrenergics. Attempts were made to decrease the theophylline dosage by sequentially reducing the dose each week to one-half, one-quarter, and discontinuation. Holter monitoring was repeated at the end of each week of a new dose level. Five patients were able to reduce dosage and eight were able to discontinue theophylline completely. Theophylline therapy was associated with a higher mean heart rate (85.4 vs 79.9 bpm). The combination of theophylline and beta-2-adrenergics therapy was not associated with quantitative or qualitative changes in atrial or ventricular ectopic activity over beta-2-adrenergic therapy alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacologic agents of potential value in protecting kidneys from ischemic damage.

Use of metabolic inhibitors has been proven useful in hypothermic anoxic storage. The data are sparse about its effects in machine preservation when the hypothermic organ is oxygenated and metabolizing, although at a slow rate. Concentration of a particular drug is also important. They can, in fact, be injurious at wrong concentrations. Various drugs have been proven to be beneficial in protecting kidneys from ischemic injury. At present, methylprednisolone seems to be the best agent, offering a predictable and complete protection, thereby justifying its use in all donors where there is reasonable suspicion of warm ischemic damage.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1979

[Genetic and biochemical studies on familial neuroblastoma].

The diagnosis of bilateral neuroblastoma in the adrenal glands in a newborn led to the discovery of a family with clustering of tumors of neural crest origin. According to the two-mutation model of neuroblastoma development we searched for individuals with the first mutation, who are predisposed to neuroblastoma. Neither chromosomal analysis of the peripheral blood nor the examination of catecholamines nor of gm-phenotypes could mark the first step to neuroblastoma. However, it was possible to detect cystationinuria in familial neuroblastoma for the first time. Cystationinuria could be calssified as secondary to vitamin B6-deficiency. Since cystathioninuria and vitamin B6-deficiency were not only seen in blood-relations but also in relatives by marriage there was no fixed correlation to individuals with tumor or their relatives.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Effects of hematoporphyrin (HPD) and a chemiluminescence system on the growth of transplanted tumors in C3H/HeJ mice.

Photoradiation therapy is emerging as a promising technique for combating cancer. Fundamentally, this approach consists of two steps: hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is used to selectively sensitize cancer cells to visible light; after an appropriate time interval, light is introduced into the tumor via a laser-fiber optic system to trigger the cytotoxic action of HPD. The present investigation was initiated to determine the therapeutic potential of HPD in combination with a chemiluminescent activator in treating mice which had been transplanted with tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Role of the neurosecretion of the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei in the pathogenesis of experimental urolithiasis].

Experiments made on male rats fed oxamide during 10 days provided new data on the changes in the morphofunctional status of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system (HHNS) in the course of the development of urolithiasis. The changes develop in three stages. The first stage is marked by an increase of the HHNS functional activity, the second one by its decrease, and the third one by its recovery. It is concluded that the changes in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone produced by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus are involved in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis, which should be taken into account in multiple modality treatment of the disease.

Animals↗