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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Immobilization does not inhibit the post-coital ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone in the rabbit.

Heparinized blood samples were obtained through an indwelling catheter in the central ear artery from sexually mature female New Zealand white rabbits after copulation. Immediately after 1 or 2 matings the female was transferred to a restraining cage; blood samples were taken at intervals while the animal was completely immobilized for 3-5 h or was only immobilized for blood withdrawal. Ovulation was detected by the presence of corpora lutea at laparotomy the following day. Plasma was analyzed for LH by established radioimmunoassay procedures. Immobilization did not inhibit ovulation or the pre-ovulatory surge of LH in either group. These data suggest that immobilization cannot inhibit the reflex release of LH in the female rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The late pubertal cascade in perimenarchial monkeys: onset of asymmetrical ovarian estradiol secretion and bioassayable luteinizing hormone release.

Changes in ovarian function and pituitary gonadotropin secretion were studied in perimenarchial rhesus monkeys. Even in the premenarchial interval, a modest degree of asymmetrical ovarian estradiol secretion was evident. A progression toward marked asymmetry of ovarian function continued after menarche, culminating in ovulatory menstrual cycles with intermenstrual intervals of approximately 28 days. Among postmenarchial monkeys manifesting five or fewer episodes of overt uterine bleeding, no ovulations were detected despite estradiol elevations similar to those of adults in the midfollicular phase. Soon thereafter, among individuals usually having more than 10 menses, the first ovulations were likely to be achieved. The initiation of estrogen-positive feedback, driving the surge modes of gonadotropin secretion, was accompanied by the onset of a striking disparity between bioassayable vs. immunoassayable LH in the circulation. In this report we describe a cascade of late pubertal events including: 1) the gradual establishment of cyclic asymmetrical ovarian estrogen secretion in the perimenarchial interval, 2) increased pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, 3) quantitative and qualitative changes in the pulsatile secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, and 4) an enhancement of bioassayable LH secretion, especially during the preovulatory surge.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The postpartum buffalo. II. Acyclicity and anestrus.

Prolonged postpartum acyclicity (absence of ovarian cyclic activity) and anestrum (absence of overt estrous signs) are major sources of economic loss to buffalo breeders. Studies on the epidemiology of these two problems are highly recommended to achieve successful control. Review of the available literature on controlled studies in dairy buffaloes revealed that first ovulation as detected by rectal palpation and progesterone analysis occurred between 28-71 and 24-55 days, respectively, after calving. Postpartum estrus in the same studies occurred between 44 and 87 days. Reports concerned with data compiled from breeding records of research stations, breeding farms and small holders where estrus is a subjective measure, gave much longer periods. Also data from Egypt, India and Pakistan indicate that only 34-49% of buffaloes showed estrus during the first 90 days after calving and 31-42% remained anestrus for more than 150 days. In swamp buffaloes both postpartum ovulation and estrus are more delayed than in dairy buffaloes. The role of suckling, nutrition, body condition score at calving, milk yield, parity, season of calving and other minor factors were discussed. First postpartum ovulation is frequently followed by one or more short estrous cycles (<18 days). Long anovulatory and anestrous periods due to prolonged inter-luteal phase were reported to occur after short cycles. Also long anestrous periods due to cessation of cyclic activity (true anestrus) for 3 or more weeks and prolonged luteal activity for 28 days or more were described to occur in about 25 and 8-11% of the buffaloes, respectively, after the first or second ovulation. These cycle irregularities certainly impose difficulties on estrus detection programs in postpartum buffaloes. Four main forms of anestrus i.e. true anestrus (inactive ovaries and small and medium sized anovulatory follicles), subestrus, prolonged luteal activity and ovarian cysts in addition to pregnancy are reviewed in this article. Differentiation between true anestrus and subestrus is particularly important in buffaloes because of their weak estrous signs. However, the accuracy of a single rectal palpation of the ovaries is limited with an overestimation of the frequency of true anestrus due to misdiagnosis of the corpus luteum. The possible causes are discussed.

Anestrus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of ultrasound in female infertility management.

Ultrasound became an important help for the diagnosis of infertility by demonstration of the pelvic organs, of growing ovarian follicles, of intrafollicular structures and of cyclic uterine endometrial changes. Ultrasonic particularities of ovaries and their landmarks such as the ovarian artery, are described. Average ovarian blood flow can be measured. In hormone stimulated cycles, the ultrasonic examination is repeated through ovulation, induction and even afterward. The average diameter of the growing follicle is measured. The results of more than 8000 scans allowed the deduction that ovulation induction would be successful if the preovulatory follicular diameter was between 18 and 24 mm. Where two or more follicles of that diameter are present, multiple pregnancy occurs. The risk of overstimulation can be assessed. The importance of ultrasound is even higher than estradiol because it is impossible to differentiate between one big, some medium or many small follicles with hormone assays. It is possible to see the cumulus oöphorus, but not earlier than 1-2 days before ovulation. Following successful ovulation the mature follicle appears to have a more solid than cystic make-up. Signs of a failure of ovulation are given. Cyclic changes in the histology of the endometrium are described and make it possible to predict ovulation within 12 hr. Ultrasound is an important aid in predicting the time of ovulation more accurately than the basal body temperature and faster and cheaper than hormone profiles. Ultrasound plays a role in egg collection and replacement of the embryo. The detection of ovulation is very important in the treatment of infertility. This was only possible for a longtime by hormone profile. Nowadays ultrasound is an accepted method in the diagnostic procedures of this field. It permits the visualization of the position and size of the uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries, the exclusion of genital anomalies and the demonstration of physiological changes of these organs during the menstrual cycle. The main points of ultrasound in the diagnosis of infertility are as follows: Demonstration of the pelvic organs (uterus, Fallopian tube, ovary) and vascular structures. Demonstration of growing ovarian follicles (Measurement of their numbers and sizes). Demonstration of intrafollicular structures (Cumulus oöphorus, Corpus luteum). Demonstration of cyclic uterine endometrial changes. Most of the results were first obtained with high-resolution compound scanners, but the new generation of real-time scanners are equally capable. Sector scanners are superior to linear-array-parallel scanners, especially for the demonstration of specific structural ch

Corpus Luteum↗
PubMed1990

Pregnancy following combined growth hormone--pulsatile GnRH treatment in a patient with hypothalamic amenorrhoea.

A patient with hypothalamic amenorrhoea and a poor response in terms of pituitary growth hormone (GH) to acute administration of growth hormone-releasing factor has been treated with pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) combined with GH to induce ovulation. GH was administered daily until signs of ovulation were detected. The luteal phase was supported by pulsatile GnRH only. Combined treatment gave an improved follicular recruitment, higher plasma levels of 17 beta-oestradiol and an earlier ovulation, compared to the previous cycle with pulsatile GnRH only. The result was a twin pregnancy which ended with the birth of two healthy male babies. The role of GH in potentiating the ovarian response to gonadotrophins, as well as the GH secretion abnormalities associated with dysfunctions of the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis, might provide a rationale for combined GH and pulsatile GnRH treatment in such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Detection of the LH surge for AID, AIH and embryo transfer using a twice daily urinary dip-stick assay.

The detection of the spontaneous LH surge in 12 infertile women being monitored for transfer of frozen-thawed or donor embryos was studied using plasma radioimmunoassay (RIA), urinary RIA and a dip-stick enzyme immunoassay. Ten of the 12 women had plasma LH surges and in all but one woman the dip-stick assay detected the LH surge to within 12 h of the plasma RIA. The urinary RIA detected the LH surge in only six of the 10 women. In two of these cases the surge was detected 24 h and 36 h later than by plasma RIA. The dip-stick assay has many advantages and could be usefully integrated as a mode of monitoring ovulation in infertility therapy.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1982

Effect of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum progesterone levels when administered on various cycle days.

Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in the conventional dose of 150 mg, was administered intramuscularly to 49 healthy, already sterilized, Thai women on cycle day 5 (13 subjects), day 7 (12 subjects), day 9 (13 subjects) and day 11 (11 subjects) of normal menstrual cycles. Serum progesterone levels were then monitored in order to ascertain the latest follicular phase day in the cycle (up to day 11) when ovulation would be inhibited in the first month after injection. Among the 25 subjects who received DMPA on day 5 and 7, no longitudinal serum progesterone level rises indicative of ovulation were detected. When DMPA was given on day 9 and 11, 2 out of 13 subjects (15.39%) and 3 out of 11 subjects (27.28%), respectively, had serum progesterone levels characteristic of ovulation. It is concluded that the initial cycle's ovulation can also be inhibited when DMPA is administered on day 7 of that cycle. However, DMPA administered on day 9 and 11 failed to inhibit ovulation of that cycle in some of the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New observations on the significance of nipplelike protrusions in the nuclei of endocervical cells.

Nuclear nippling was noted in the endocervical columnar cells in smears taken from women of child-bearing age who were using a progesterone-only contraceptive. The phenomenon occurred most consistently in smears from women who were amenorrheic, a condition indicative of a marked decrease of estrogen activity. These observations do not support the previous explanations linking nuclear nippling to estrogenic stimulation. Close observation of the progress of these nuclear protrusions showed that they represented an arrested attempt at nuclear division, with the inhibition possibly due to the rapid rise of the progestogen level, which may be caused either by the use of progesterone-only contraceptives or by the onset of ovulation. The presence of nuclear nippling in normal smears may thus establish the occurrence of ovulation; its observation in metastatic tumors should indicate that the primary tumor has a columnar cell component.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the ICAGEN-Target canine ovulation timing diagnostic test in detecting canine plasma progesterone concentrations.

Accuracy of the ICAGEN-Targeta progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit to measure plasma progesterone was compared to that of radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 166 canine samples. Overall agreement of ICAGEN-Target ELISA and RIA was 85% (141/166). Agreement of ELISA and RIA at high (5 ng/ml or greater), medium (greater than 1 ng/ml, less than 5 ng/ml), and low (0 to 1 ng/ml) plasma progesterone concentrations was 96% (72/75), 73% (19/26), and 77% (50/65), respectively. Use of whole blood resulted in unreliable progesterone concentration results by ELISA when compared to plasma progesterone concentrations measured by RIA (n = 140). Use of this ELISA test kit to determine canine ovulation date should start within three to four days after onset of proestrus and continue every other day until the first detection of medium concentrations (greater than 1 ng/ml, less than 5 ng/ml). Daily plasma testing during the time of transition from medium to high (5 ng/ml or greater) concentrations was essential for determining ovulation date. The second or third day after the first appearance of high plasma progesterone concentrations using this kit should be the day of breeding for optimal reproductive performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Detection of the fertile phase from changes in cervico-vaginal fluid volume.

Characteristic changes in cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) volume which occur during the menstrual cycle might be used to detect the fertile phase. Twenty-five normal women were asked to withdraw CVF and measure its volume at home using a small, disposable, graduated vaginal aspirator. In 16 cycles day 0 (ovulation) was defined as the day of maximum follicular diameter according to serial ultrasound examination. A rise in CVF volume occurred between day -9 and -2 and a peak between day -4 and 0. In these sixteen, and in a further 72 cycles, day 0 (time of maximum fertility) was taken as the day of peak cervical mucus secretion. CVF volume rose, on the average, on day -6.2 (range -17 to -2) and peaked on day -0.8 (range -5 to +2). In two cycles, no rise and peak were identified. Changes in CVF volume were easy to recognise and could be useful to couples wishing to achieve pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-induced serum luteinizing hormone surge is not detectable in the milk of cows.

Six lactating Holstein cows were used to determine whether a serum luteinizing hormone (LH) surge induced by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) could be detected in milk. A double antibody radioimmunoassay was evaluated for measuring LH in whole milk. Cows (d 10 of the estrous cycle) were injected with saline (time zero), followed by LHRH 12 h later. Blood samples were collected hourly for 12 h via jugular cannula following each injection; milk removal was accomplished every 2 h by a portable milking machine. On d 10 of the next estrous cycle, treatment, order was switched, with the same cows receiving LHRH at time zero and saline 12 h later. Approximately 2 h following LHRH treatment, serum LH levels peaked at 29 ng/ml and remained elevated for 5 h. There was no corresponding change in milk LH detected during the 12-h to 24-h period following the induced serum LH surge. Our conclusion is that the measurement of LH in the milk of cows shows little promise for predicting ovulation time in the cow.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The use of a urinary estrone conjugates assay for detection of optimal mating time in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis).

Forty-four female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were examined to determine the optimum fertile period for mating. Daily urinary estrone conjugates (E1C) were measured, beginning on day 7 of the menstrual cycle, until a 1.5-gold E1C rise above the baseline was detected. The females were bred the next morning. Pregnancies were verified in all animals at day 18 postbreeding, and/or on day 25 postbreeding. Serum progesterone levels were used to correlate the relationship between ovulation and the E1C peak. Forty-four of the 57 cycles indicated a urinary E1C peak between days 10-15 of the menstrual cycle; this peak occurred on the day following the initial 1.5-fold to twofold rise in 90% of the cycles. A single 2-hr mating period the day before, the day of, or the day after the E1C peak resulted in conception in 17 of 44 (38.6%) animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Minimum time lapse between luteinizing hormone surge or human chorionic gonadotropin administration and follicular rupture.

Occurrence of ovulation was detected by laparoscopy between 22 and 47 hours following the onset of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in plasma (61 patients) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (76 patients). None of 22 patients had ovulated before the 34th hour following LH surge or hCG, as compared with 3.4% (3 of 89) and 50.0% (11 of 22) laparoscoped after 34 to 37 hours or 37 to 39 hours, respectively. Whether measured with respect to the initial rise of LH or the injection of hCG, the time lapse before ovulation was comparable. Ovulation was more frequently established at 37 to 39 hours in spontaneous cycles (10/13) than in clomiphene-treated cycles (1/9, P less than 0.01). The onset of the LH rise was found to be a more accurate criterion than the LH peak in determining the time of ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Arabidopsis ovule is the target for Agrobacterium in planta vacuum infiltration transformation.

The visual marker GUS has been utilized in this study to understand the Arabidopsis thaliana vacuum infiltration transformation process by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. High transformation frequencies of up to 394 transgenic seeds per infiltrated plant were achieved. The results showed that the majority of the transgenic seeds from single infiltrated plants were from independent transformation events based on Southern analysis, progeny segregation, distribution of transgenic seeds throughout the infiltrated plants and the microscopic analysis of GUS expression in ovules of infiltrated plants. GUS expression in mature pollen and anthers was monitored daily from 0 to 12 days post-infiltration. In addition, all ovules from a single infiltrated plant were examined every other day. GUS expression frequencies of up to 1% of pollen were observed 3-5 days post-infiltration, whereas frequencies of up to 6% were detected with ovules of unopened flowers 5-11 days post-infiltration. Most importantly, transgenic seeds were obtained only from genetic crosses using infiltrated plants as the pollen recipient but not the pollen donor, demonstrating Agrobacterium transformation through the ovule pathway.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1996

Is there seasonality in human ovulation?

To study seasonality in human ovulation in a direct way, we measured the occurrence of ovulation in infertile patients with spontaneous menstrual cycles (< 6 weeks) who visited the fertility clinic at the University Hospital Nijmegen in the Netherlands for the first time in 1991 or 1992 (n = 407). Ovulation was detected using serial transvaginal ultrasound and midluteal progesterone measurement and was performed during one screening cycle. The frequency of ovulatory cycles per month varied from 73% to 93% (not statistically significant). No seasonal pattern in ovulation was found in subfecund Dutch women with spontaneous menstrual cycles. This finding was not confounded by the effects of age of the women, body mass index, or disorders that could influence ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Results of an efficacy-finding study (EFS) with the computer-thermometer Cyclotest 2 plus containing 207 cycles.

Prospectively collected cycles of 207 women were used to find out the efficacy of the Cyclotest 2 plus algorithm in detecting the fertile time in a woman's cycle. The results of the device were compared with the beginning and the end of the fertile time identified by the symptothermal method (STM) of natural family planning (NFP). It was found that the algorithm led to dangerous reduction of the fertile time (FT) in only 2 out of 207 woman cycles (0.96%). However, at the end of fertile time (FE) the device requested more abstinence than was necessary in about 12% of the cycles. We feel that more research should be performed on detecting the end of the fertile time.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1984

A "sandwich" solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for lutropin in urine.

In this "sandwich" technique of enzyme immunoassay for lutropin in urine, a highly purified lutropin-specific anti-gamma-globulin is conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The conjugate is then extensively purified to remove free enzyme and free antibody molecules. The solid phase consists of anti-lutropin immune globulin coupled to polystyrene tubes or beads. The specific antibody on the solid phase binds the lutropin in the urine sample or in the standard solution, which in turn binds to the specific antibody conjugated to the enzyme. The amount of bound enzyme, which is determined colorimetrically, is thus directly proportional to the amount of lutropin in the sample. We optimized assay conditions and report them here. The sensitivity of the assay is equal to that of radioimmunoassay and almost 10-fold that of the hemagglutination inhibition assay. The test can be used to detect the pre-ovulatory surge of lutropin in women.

Animals↗