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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Return to work after occupational injury. Family physicians' perspectives on soft-tissue injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To document physicians' views about facilitating factors for and barriers to their helping workers recover after occupational soft-tissue injuries and to ascertain physicians' knowledge and attitudinal barriers to their involvement in return to work. DESIGN: Faxed survey. SETTING: Manitoba family practices and emergency departments. PARTICIPANTS: General practitioners, family physicians, and emergency physicians regularly caring for injured workers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physicians' ranking of facilitating factors and barriers, changes to help their involvement in return to work, and their attitudes and knowledge about return to work. RESULTS: Respondents and nonrespondents were demographically similar, 232 physicians (51.3%) responded. Respondents believed the main facilitating factors were physicians' ability to explain the nature and prognosis of injuries to workers (69%) and the willingness of workplaces to accommodate injured workers (26%). The main barriers were workers' misunderstandings and fears about their injuries (70.7%) and non-supportive supervisors and co-workers (20.8%). The most frequently requested change was better workplace job accommodation (48%). Most physicians agreed they had a role in planning return to work and were aware of the effect of job satisfaction, psychosocial elements, and work-related factors. Despite supporting evidence, only one third of physicians stated they would say "try to continue usual activities" to patients with occupational low back pain. CONCLUSION: Most physicians seemed aware of their role in return to work and the effect of occupational factors, but their advice on activity after injury differed from that in practice guidelines.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Occupational injuries and exposures among Canadian dentists: the results of a national survey.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the frequency of occupational exposures reported by dentists in Canada and to identify factors associated with occupational exposure. DESIGN: A national mailed survey of a stratified random sample of 6,444 dentists with three follow-up attempts. Weighted data were analyzed using t tests, analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The response rate was approximately 66%. Occupational exposures, percutaneous injuries, and mucous membrane exposures in the last year were reported by 67%, 62%, and 29% of respondents, respectively. Fewer than 1% reported exposure to human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B virus (HBV). Respondents reported means of 1.5 mucous membrane and 3.0 percutaneous exposures per year. HBV immunization was reported by 91% of dentists, but of these 28% reported no post-immunization serology. Other reports of suboptimal compliance included use of a postexposure protocol by only 41% and HBV vaccination of all assistants or of hygienists by 74% and 77% of respondents, respectively. Factors associated with percutaneous exposure included non-use of postexposure protocol or puncture-proof containers for sharps disposal, treating > or =20 patients per day, and male gender. Risk factors for mucous membrane exposure included non-use of eye protection or masks. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of the protective effect of puncture-proof containers, eye protection, and masks and raises concerns related to HBV post-immunization serology and postexposure protocols. To reduce risk of infection, educational interventions are required to improve compliance with Universal Precautions, with emphasis on comprehensive HBV immunization and post-immunization serology, the use of barriers, puncture-proof containers for sharps disposal, and postexposure protocols.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fatal occupational injuries in the United States, 1980 through 1985.

The National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance project was designed to gather demographic, employment, and injury information from death certificates for all deaths due to injuries at work in the United States. Approximately 7000 workers have died each year during the 6-year period from 1980 through 1985: 94% were men, and 6% were women. Unintentional injuries caused the deaths of 83% of the men and 50% of the women. Eleven percent of the men and 39% of the women died from homicide. While the greatest number of deaths occurred in the group aged 20 through 34 years, fatality rates were highest among those aged 70 years and older. Expressed as deaths per 100,000 workers, annual fatality rates for black workers (7.7) were slightly higher than for white workers (6.5). The four industrial groups with the highest fatality rates were mining (31.9); transportation, communication, and public utilities (25.4); construction (24.0); and agriculture, forestry, and fishing (20.7). From 1980 through 1985 the annual traumatic occupational fatality rate fell 23%.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hazard identification in occupational injury: reflections on standard epidemiologic methods.

To prevent workplace injuries, epidemiologic research must continue to progress beyond methods originally used for acute or chronic diseases. For injury research, exposure assessment requires increased sophistication because exposures comprise multiple, transient factors and complex work activities. Frequently reported risk factors such as age, gender, seniority, or prior injury are often confounders or effect-modifiers of unknown exposures. Injury rate calculations across nominal categories, e.g., department or job classification, identify where hazards are concentrated but provide little insight into their nature; injury counts often perform almost as well. Calculation of rates in relation to time actually spent in plausible etiologic exposure conditions usually is not feasible. Generalization of the Haddon approach for individual injury events to systematically analyze injury case series can identify both the mechanism of injury and the relative occurrences of high-risk conditions. In some contexts, case-crossover designs may elucidate injury causation. National databases and information systems of employers, insurers, and equipment suppliers could contribute case series for injury hazard identification. By enhancing exposure assessment through a focus on case series, epidemiologic research can expand its contribution to preventing workplace injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

A comprehensive initiative to manage the incidence and cost of occupational injury and illness. Report of an outcomes analysis.

A comprehensive initiative utilizing an in-house preferred provider organization, medical case management, and application of ergonomic techniques was implemented in an effort to control the incidence and cost of workplace injuries. The program was evaluated utilizing OSHA 200 Logs to compare the incidence and lost time due to compensable injury and illnesses before and after beginning the program. After the introduction, there was a significant decrease in injuries and illnesses (53/1000 vs 27/1000, P<.01) and average days lost per event (10.4 vs 6.6 days, P<.01). A significant increase in restricted-duty days (.2 vs 1.5 days, P<.01) and an 18% reduction in medical and indemnity costs of the institution's workers' compensation expenditures were observed. This study demonstrates the initial effectiveness of an aggressive ergonomic and managed care approach to reducing the incidence, severity, and cost of occupationally related injury and illness. It also highlights the effectiveness of an outcomes analysis approach, using lost time as an end point, to measure the effectiveness of preventive and management strategies in the workers' compensation setting.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Fire and flame related events with multiple occupational injury fatalities in the United States, 1980-1995.

The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system recorded 1587 fire and flame related occupational fatalities among the civilian workforce in the United States between 1980 and 1995. Of these fatalities, 433 resulted from 127 incidents that involved two or more victims. For purposes of this study, these victims were categorized into one of three cause-of-death classifications: burns, inhalation or other traumatic injury. The classification 'Burns' accounted for 232 or just over one-half of the fatalities and an additional 172 cases were coded as inhalation. Other traumatic injury was named as the cause of death for another 23 fatalities or five percent of the multiple victims. The cause of death for the remaining six fatalities could not be determined from the death certificates. This study revealed the similarities and disparities of the demographic and employment characteristics associated with these three cause-of-death classifications.

Accidents, Occupational↗