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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Humeral head ossification center in congenital heart disease.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ossification (visualization) of proximal humeral ossification center (PHOC) which may indicate bone growth in infants with acyanotic and cyanotic congenital heart disease (HD) compared to normal infants. The medical records and chest radiographs within 3 months after birth of infants who were diagnosed as congenital HD by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization from 1989 to 1999 were reviewed. The PHOC was recorded from chest radiograph as presence or absence in every one-month interval since birth. In all cases, the corrected age of 0 month was defined as 40 weeks post conception. We used a study of 260 normal Korean infants as the normal population in this study. We found that from 67 cases enrolled in this study; 10 cases were excluded because of lack of complete medical records and sequential chest radiographs. In the remaining 57 cases, the average gestational age of the infants was 38.1 +/- 2.7 weeks and the average birth weight was 2860.5 +/- 597.7 grams. Female to male ratio was 1.28:1. The infants were classified by gestational age as term (75.4%) and pre-term (24.6%). Types of congenital HD were diagnosed from echocardiogram (96.5%) and cardiac catheterization (3.5%) of cases; and were divided as acyanotic HD (64.9%) and cyanotic HD (35.1%). The ossification of PHOC in acyanotic full-term infants at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months was 24.0 per cent, 32.0 per cent, 72.0 per cent and 88.0 per cent; in cyanotic full-term infants it was 27.8 per cent, 33.3 per cent, 77.8 per cent, and 94.4 per cent; and in acyanotic pre-term infants was 8.3 per cent, 8.3 per cent, 25.0 per cent, and 41.7 per cent, respectively. There were 2 cyanotic pre-term infants who did not show ossification of PHOC until 3 months. In full-term infants with both types of HD; the appearance of PHOC was significantly later than normal at 1 month corrected age (p = 0.000002) but not significant at 0, 2, and 3 months (p > 0.05); whereas, in pre-term infants with acyanotic HD, the appearance was later than normal at 1, 2, and 3 months (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, and p = 0.0002, respectively). We concluded that the ossification of PHOC is significantly later than normal in pre-term infants with congenital HD, but not significant in full-term infants with congenital HD.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1990

[The modality of endoconnective ossification on cartilaginous substrate: observations on the long bones in the embryo].

The authors conducted a histologic study on the modalities of ossification of the "diaphyseal osseous ferrule" in embryos between the sixth and eighth week of intrauterine life: the ossification of this "diaphyseal osseous ferrule" presents some peculiarities compared to that of other areas: it occurs with the modalities of periosteal ossification, exploiting, however, a cartilagenous substrate. In addition, the authors compared the ossification of the diaphyseal ferrule to that of the "perichondrial ferrule of the layer of ossification", examining histologic sections of embryos in the 25th week of intrauterine life.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1982

[Ossification of the sheep skeleton].

The ossification of sheep skeleton was investigated from 4th to 10th week of gravidity by means of cryostat and paraffin serial sections, cleared specimens and grenz ray radiographs. Significant decalcification occurred in paraffin sections and cleared specimens. These artifacts were not observed in cryostat sections and grenz ray radiographs of silver impregnated specimens. The Clavicle being the oldest bone of sheep embryo contains calcium deposits for the first time at a crown rump length (CRL) of 20.5 mm. During the further development of limbs Radius (at 28 mm CRL) and Tibia (at 30 mm CRL) ossify slightly earlier than Humerus and Ulna or Femur and Fibula respectively. The ossification of the diaphyses of all parallel pairs of long bones starts always at the median sides of these bones which are iuxtaposed to each other. The ossification of the vertebral column starts at C2 (vertebral arch, 45 mm CRL) and at Th1 (vertebral body, 49 mm CRL). During the course of course of development (up to 68 mm CRL) arches and bodies ossify at the same time descending and ascending from a cervical and a lumbar starting point in the vertebral column. The ossification of ribs starts at one point and spreads evenly in all directions over the cartilagineous primordium of the thoracic wall. Mandible and Maxilla are the first bones of skull to appear. They ossify with particular regularity at a CRL of 26.5 mm or 27 mm respectively. During the further development of skull the sequence of ossification of Parietal bone and Temporal bone and of Nasal bone and Zygomatic bone varies. The hypothesis is suggested that the observed variations in the development of sheep skeleton are caused by racial differences of the material investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The fusion of ossification centres in the cartilaginous and membranous parts of the occipital squama in human fetuses.

The process of fusion of the ossification centres in the occipital squama is described in human fetal skulls. During the 3rd fetal month, irregular ossification centres appear in the membranous tissue behind the cartilaginous supraoccipital bone plate. The centres rapidly develop to form a meshwork of bony trabeculae which cover the external surface of the supraoccipital plate and then fuse with the primary interparietal part along its lateral edges. In the 4th fetal month, similar irregular ossification centres appear on the internal surface of the supraoccipital plate. After the 5th month, these ossification centres fuse with the root of the secondary interparietal part in the midline. They occasionally fuse with the lateral portion of the primary interparietal part in the early 5th month. These show that the external and internal surfaces of the supraoccipital part are covered with a thin sheet of bone ossified in membrane, which is periosteal ossification, while the main portion of this part develops in cartilage.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absence of lower extremity ossification centers in term infants with congenital syphilis.

Radiologic evaluation is valuable for confirmation of congenital syphilis. Bony abnormalities are thought to be secondary to active disease or a growth response of bone to systemic illness. Anteroposterior lower extremity radiographs of 85 euthyroid term infants (> or = 38 weeks' gestation; mean weight, 3244 gm; range, 1940-4380 gm) with presumptive congenital syphilis were evaluated for the presence of the distal femoral and proximal tibial secondary ossification centers and other bony abnormalities. Both proximal tibial and distal femoral ossification centers were absent in only 9 of 85 infants with syphilis; the proximal tibial center was absent in 26 of 85 (total 30.6%; 95% confidence limits 0.2 to 0.4). This observation is significant at the p < 0.01 level by chi-square analysis with use of historical controls. Periosteal new bone formation was seen in 2 of 85 infants. Metaphyseal lucent bands were present in 21 of 85 infants, 8 of whom also had absent lower extremity ossification centers. For comparison we reviewed lower extremity radiographs from 12 term infants without congenital syphilis. Ossification centers were absent in one growth-retarded infant, and metaphyseal lucent bands were found in one infant. Although standard texts report nearly universal ossification of the distal femoral epiphysis at term, we observed delayed skeletal maturation in 30.1% of term infants with congenital syphilis. We speculate that this delay may be reflective of systemic infection.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1993

Lack of ossification after cranioplasty for craniosynostosis: a review of relevant factors in 592 consecutive patients.

The Center for Craniofacial Anomalies of Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital presents a retrospective study of the outcome of 592 patients who were operated on for craniosynostosis between 1976 and 1991. The quality of ossification 1 year after operation is reported, with a focus on influencing factors. The lack of ossification rate was 5% (30 of 592). Three parameters are identified as increasing the risk of poor osseous wound healing: local postoperative infection; forehead advancement, especially when accomplished with resorbable osteosynthesis; and brachycephaly. In contrast, repaired tears of the dura mater do not seem to pose a risk. Seventy-five percent of patients with local infection and 12.4% with forehead advancement presented a lack of ossification, which is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Lack of ossification can compromise aesthetic and functional results. Decreasing postoperative infection and stable fixation may help promote ossification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Heterotopic ossification in the pulmonary metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of heterotopic ossification in the pulmonary metastases of an adenocarcinoma of the stomach is presented. This report represents the second known case in the world literature. Three cases with ossification in the primary tumor of the stomach and three cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma with ossification in the pulmonary metastases have been reported. The findings in these reports are reviewed and compared with those in the present case. The observations in these cases are consistent with the theory that heterotopic ossification in tumors and/or their metastases is due to metaplasia of fibroblasts induced by the presence of malignant cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2007

Incidence and ossification of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet: a radiographic study in an Arab population.

The incidence and ossification of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet were studied in 922 radiographs (400 hands and 522 feet) in an Arab population from Bahrain, 5-83 years of age and consisting of 549 adults (393 men and 156 women) and 373 children (286 boys and 97 girls). All radiographs of the hand and foot in the adult population showed two sesamoid bones in the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and in the hallucal metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, respectively. Only 2.3% and 1.5% of hands showed sesamoids at the MCP joints of the middle and ring fingers respectively compared to a reported incidence of 7.1% for each digit in Caucasians. The incidence of sesamoids in the MTP joints of third and fourth toes (0.6% each) and inferior to the hallucal interphalangeal joint (3.1%) is probably the lowest reported so far in the literature. In the hands, ossification commenced first in the thumb sesamoids, at the age of 10 years in females and 11 years in males and was completed by the age of 13 and 14 years, respectively. In the feet, ossification began first in the hallucal sesamoids at the age of 8 years in females and 9 years in males and was completed by the age of 10 years in both sexes. The incidence and ossification of sesamoids in the hands and feet in the Arab population from Bahrain seem to differ considerably from reports in other populations. The clinical significance of our findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligaments: evaluation with MRI.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is a special subcategory of degenerative disease responsible for compression of the spinal cord. On MR images, T2-weighted sequences are the most effective to evaluate both spinal cord compression due to the ossification and abnormal signal intensity of the cord. Although ossification of the ligaments is well demonstrated on CT and plain radiographs, MRI noninvasively provides useful information about the degree and extent of spinal cord compression, as well as the character of the ossification.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2001

Disulfide bridge conformers of mature BMP are inhibitors for heterotopic ossification.

Heterotopic ossification is a frequent complication in patients who have suffered head and neck traumas or undergone total hip replacement. Heterotopic ossification occurs when osteogenic precursor cells present at the ectopic site receive the necessary signal(s) to differentiate into osteoblasts. At the protein level, the key factors in differentiation of cells to the osteogenic lineage are BMPs. Stable BMP variants derived from the identical amino acid sequence but with different disulfide bridge configurations have been investigated and found to be capable of inhibiting ossification in vitro and in vivo in rodents. These findings provide a concept for the straightforward development of a novel class of BMP antagonists that could lead to new treatments for traumatically and genetically induced heterotopic ossification and also, possibly, for disorders in which other members of the TGF-beta superfamily are involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The suppression of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty.

In a double-blind prospective randomised study we examined the effects of Diclofenac on heterotopic ossification after hip arthroplasty. Either the drug, or a placebo, was given by mouth to 158 patients in doses of 3 x 50 mg for 6 weeks. Diclofenac resulted in highly significant improvement (p less than 0.0001 versus controls) without severe side-effects. Heterotopic ossification decreased from 55% in the placebo to 15%. Significant degrees of heterotopic ossification did not occur with the drug. Movement of the hip was considerably increased after operation. We recommend Diclofenac prophylaxis against heterotopic ossification after hip operations in view of the serious clinical effects of this complication and its quoted incidence of 15% to 80%.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification.

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ossification of the Achilles tendon: imaging abnormalities in 12 patients.

Ossification of the Achilles tendon is a rare clinical entity that is characterized by the presence of an ossific mass contained within the fibrocartilaginous substance of the tendon. Because the radiographic features of this condition have not been documented entirely and the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings have not been determined, a review of 16 affected tendons in 12 patients was performed in an attempt to characterize the imaging abnormalities associated with this process. MR imaging was performed in three Achilles tendons which demonstrated thickening of the tendons at the level of the ossifications and a lack of intratendinous signal abnormalities compatible with acute tendinitis. Signal intensity similar to that of bone marrow was present in the ossifications.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1984

Pathology of spinal cord lesions caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

The pathologic changes in the spinal cord of three autopsied cases associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament ( OPLL ) are reported. Compression of the spinal cord was marked at the level of the intervertebral disc, and the spinal cord was strikingly flattened antero-posteriorly. Intensive damage was seen in the gray matter as compared to the white matter. The white matter showed demyelination and axon loss with status spongiosus, which was more marked in the postero-lateral than in the anterior columns. The most seriously damaged parts of the spinal cord showed tissue necrosis and cavity formation which extended from the central parts of the gray matter to the ventral parts of the posterior columns. Adventitial fibrous thickening of the vein, hyaline degeneration of the walls of the arterioles, and compression of the anterior spinal vein were observed in the damaged regions. It was evident that secondary circulatory disturbance due to the compression produced by the ossification was of significance in the pathogenesis of the spinal cord damage. A tangle of peripheral nerves, ectopic and reactive, with Schwann cell proliferation was present in the posterior median fissure and the postero-lateral columns in one case. The spinal nerve roots that showed marked demyelination and axon loss were damaged by ossification at the places where the anterior nerve roots emerged from the spinal cord and where the roots penetrate the dura. There was ossification of the dura mater in all cases examined.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The effect of prophylaxis for thrombosis on heterotopic ossification following total hip joint replacement.

The effect of prophylaxis for thrombosis on heterotopic ossification was investigated using 216 total hip joint endoprostheses implanted between 1976 and 1978. During this period a random comparative study of low dose heparin and oxyphenbutazone/acetylsalycilic acid was carried out. The rate of ossification in the 216 hip joints was 17.6%, and was about average for the values specified in literature on this subject. Heterotopic ossification occurred in 30.1% of the 103 hip joints treated with heparin, whilst the rate of ossification in the 113 hip joints treated with oxyphenbutazone/acetylsalycilic acid was only 6.2%. This represents a statistically significant difference in disfavour of prophylaxis with heparin.

Aspirin↗
PubMed2006

Pathophysiological role of endothelin in ectopic ossification of human spinal ligaments induced by mechanical stress.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is characterized by progressive ectopic bone formation in the spinal ligament. To identify the genes related to ossification affected by mechanical stress during OPLL, analyses using cDNA microarray were carried out using cultured human spinal ligament cells that had been subjected to uniaxial cyclic stretching. Samples were obtained from a total of 14 patients: seven cervical or thoracic OPLL patients and seven control patients. Spinal ligament cells derived from tissues of OPLL (OPLL cells) and control (non-OPLL cells) patients were subjected to uniaxial sinusoidal cyclic stretching (0.5 Hz, 20% stretch) for various time periods (0-9 hours). cDNA microarrays revealed that ranges of distribution of both up- and downregulated genes evoked by cyclic stretching were significantly wider in OPLL cells than in non-OPLL cells. Increases in the mRNA expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) as well as various marker genes related to ossification were also observed. mRNA expression of ET-1 and alkaline phosphatase was increased by mechanical stress in a time-dependent manner, while addition of ET-1 to static cultures of OPLL cells increased mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase in a dose-dependent manner. During 9 hours of cyclic stretching, ET-1 release increased to about sixfold the amount observed in nonstretched cells. In non-OPLL cells, neither cyclic stretching nor ET-1 induced any increase in alkaline phosphatase expression. These results suggest that mechanical stress promotes the progression of ossification in OPLL cells through autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms of ET-1.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Anomalies of ossification in the posterolateral femoral condyle: assessment by MRI.

BACKGROUND: Anomalies of ossification in the lower femoral epiphysis are often radiographically indistinguishable from juvenile osteochondritis dissecans. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the MRI characteristics of the anomalies of ossification in the posterolateral femoral condyle that distinguish it from juvenile osteochondritis dissecans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined the medical records, plain radiographs (n = 4), MRI (n = 4) and follow-up MRI (n = 2) of four boys (age 8-11 years) with anomalies of ossification in the posterolateral femoral condyle. RESULTS: Plain radiography showed symmetrical marginal irregularity of the posterolateral femoral condyles of both knees. These lesions were asymptomatic, and the areas of irregular radiographic appearances reduced in size or disappeared without treatment within a mean observation period of 3.5 months. MRI showed a clearly demarcated low-intensity islet with the same signal intensity as subchondral bone (which was considered to be an accessory ossification nucleus) in a high-signal area in which the signal intensity was equal to that of normal articular cartilage. The areas observed as radiolucent zones on plain radiography were visualised at the same signal intensity as articular cartilage, and were continuous with articular cartilage on MRI; thus they were regarded as uncalcified cartilage. These MR findings are different from MR images of osteochondritis dissecans. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is considered to be the most effective non-invasive diagnostic method for these two conditions.

Child↗
PubMed2001

CT and MRI characteristics of ossification of the ligamenta flava in the thoracic spine.

The purpose of this study was to compare MRI findings with CT findings of mass-forming calcification/ossification of the thoracic ligamenta flava (OTLF). Twenty-one Chinese patients presented with clinical evidence of chronic and progressive thoracic spinal cord compression which included: difficulty in walking; weakness; and/or numbness of the extremities, back pain, and lower extremity paresthesias. Axial and sagittal T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were performed through the thoracic spine on a 1.0-T Impact unit (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Axial CT was obtained with 5-mm contiguous sections through the thoracic region. Decompressive surgery with resection of the OTLF were carried out in all patients. Low signal intensity of the mass-forming OTLF was demonstrated at a single level (n=1) or at multiple levels (n=20) on both T1WI and T2WI. The distribution of OTLF was bilateral at all levels identified in 6 cases, unilateral at all levels in 5 patients, and both unilateral and bilateral at different levels in 10 cases. Ossification of the thoracic ligamenta flava involved the upper thoracic spine (T1-4) in 3 cases, midthoracic spine (T5-8) in 3 cases, lower thoracic spine (T9-12) in 10 cases, and more than one thoracic spinal subregion in 5 cases. Computed tomography confirmed the MR findings regarding the location and distribution of OTLF in all cases, as well as the associated evidence of central spinal canal stenosis. In addition, 5 patients revealed associated ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. All patients demonstrated gradual, but incomplete, clinical improvement of the radiculomyelopathy following decompressive surgery. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament resulting in thoracic central spinal canal stenosis and clinical radiculomyelopathy is not uncommon in the Asian people. Ossification of the thoracic ligamenta flava can be accurately evaluated equally well by CT and MR with regard to level(s) and side(s) of involvement, as well as to the relative degree of central spinal canal stenosis and the associated compression of the thoracic spinal cord.

Adult↗