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Results for “Neutron Activation Analysis”

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PubMed1979

In vivo neutron activation analysis for bone calcium (INVAA) in malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients.

Some non-rigid Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptible (MHS) patients have a greater than normal incidence of fractures. Radiologically their long bones are slightly thinner than normal. Excessive numbers of caries because of thin dental enamel may also be present. The Malignant Hyperthermic (MH) defects thus appears to involve cells of bone appendages as well as of muscle. We have measured the concentration of calcium in bone by neutron activation analysis and have found it to be reduced in both non-rigid and rigid malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients. The reductions were particularly marked for the non-rigid patients. Bone calcium concentrations were lower in males than in females and in those under 16 and over 60 years of age. This is additional evidence is favour of the hypothesis that malignant hyperthermia is a widespread defect affecting tissues and organs throughout the body.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Isotopic ratio of 129I/127I in seaweed measured by neutron activation analysis with gamma-gamma coincidence.

129I is a long-lived (1.6 x 10(7) y) radionuclide that is produced in nature as the result of spontaneous fission of heavy elements and reaction of xenon with cosmic rays. Recently, however, artificial sources from nuclear power plants and nuclear test explosions have become a significant component of environmental radioactive iodine. Coincidence gamma-ray detection using Ge detectors makes it possible to simultaneously resolve the numerous gamma-rays produced by neutron activation. In this study, the coincidence gamma-ray detection technique was combined with neutron activation analysis to determine the radioactive iodine composition of seaweed. The ratio of 129I/127I in this common Japanese food item collected from the Ibaraki prefecture has been derived without the need for radiochemical purification. The isotopic ratio of 129I/127I in Kajime algae is 3.5(5) x 10(-10).

Gamma Rays↗
PubMed1992

Bullet identification: a case of a fatal hunting accident resolved by comparison of lead shot using instrumental neutron activation analysis.

Bullet identification by chemical analysis often provides a powerful clue in forensic science. A case is reported in which a hunting accident was resolved by using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for direct comparison of the trace element content in lead shot. Different preparation batches of lead shot appear to have a high within-group composition homogeneity, and good differentiation is achieved between different batches. Determination of the nickel and antimony content on a bush branch demonstrated that the branch had been perforated by one of the shot pellets, and this helped the detectives in reconstruction of the crime scene.

Accidents↗
PubMed1999

Trace elements total content and particle sizes distribution in the air particulate matter of a rural-residential area in north Italy investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis.

The concentrations (ng/m3) of more than 30 trace elements have been determined in the total air particulate of a rural-residential area in north Italy. By collecting the aerosols with multistage impactors the distribution of the trace elements in the different size-fractionated particles has been also investigated. The fine 'inhalable' fraction with particles of less than 10 microns in equivalent aerodynamic diameter (PM10) as well as the subsequent finest 'respirable' fractions with particles of 0-1.1 microns (alveolar), 1.1-4.6 microns (bronchial) and 4.6-9 microns (tracheo-pharynx) have been analyzed and evaluated. Apart from Pb, Cd and, in some cases, Ni and Cu which have been determined by ETAAS (electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy), all measurements have been carried out by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA).

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2003

Use of instrumental neutron activation analysis to determine concentrations of multiple trace elements in human organs.

AInasmuch as the availability of suitable analytical specimens may be limited, the defining of normal concentrations or ranges of trace elements in human organs is problematic. Little is known about whether various parts of an organ, or of bilateral organs, differ in their concentrations of trace elements. In this study, the authors determined the distribution of trace elements in different portions of human organs, and between the right and left lung and kidney, with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). By setting the variance limit at less than 20%, they determined that trace elements were similar in 7 of the 9 organs tested (the exceptions being kidney and lung). Trace element concentrations found in the right lung were very different from those found in the left lung. Some trace elements varied in concentration according to the part or laterality of the organ tested.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Neutron-activation analysis: a novel method for the assay of iohexol.

Accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is of great importance in both research and clinical medicine. Available methods require radiation exposure or are technically difficult, thereby limiting their utility. Recent work has validated plasma clearance of nonradioactive contrast agents (iohexol and iothalamate) for the measurement of GFR. However, their clinical utility has been restricted by the difficulties associated with the detection of contrast agents in serum. In this investigation, we evaluate the sensitivity, accuracy and precision of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to measure serum iohexol at concentrations necessary for estimating GFR. We subjected aliquots of serum containing 0 to 6470 microg/mL iohexol to neutron activation by placing them in a neutron beam for 1 minute. The activation process resulted in the elevation of iohexol's naturally abundant iodine 127 to iodine 128. The spontaneous decay of (128)I to xenon 128 (proportional to the amount of total iodine in the sample) was calculated by means of spectrographic analysis. The correlation between the predetermined elemental mass of iodine in the sample and that measured on NAA was then determined. A similar analysis was performed to establish the intra- and interday accuracy and precision, with multiple measurements taken over a single day and over the course of a month. We noted excellent correlation between iodine measured on NAA and the known elemental mass (r(2) =.99). Measurements were highly accurate (mean accuracy 2.4% +/- 1.8%), with excellent intra- and interday reliability (mean coefficient of variation 4.1% +/- 1.6%). NAA is a feasible and reproducible method of detecting iohexol for the purpose of measuring GFR.

Glomerular Filtration Rate↗
PubMed2003

Determination of multielements in a typical Japanese diet certified reference material by instrumental neutron activation analysis.

Multielements in a typical Japanese diet certified reference material prepared at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) of Japan, in collaboration with the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) of Japan were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Five samples (ca. 510-1000 mg) and comparative standards were irradiated for a short time (10 s) at a thermal neutron flux of 1.5 x 10(12) n cm(-2) s(-1) (pneumatic transfer) and for a long time (6 h) at a thermal neutron flux of 3.7 x 10(12) n cm(-2) s(-1) (central thimble) in the Rikkyo University Research Reactor (TRIGA Mark-II, 100 kW). The irradiated samples were measured by conventional gama-ray spectrometry using a coaxial Ge detector, and by anti-coincidence and coincidence gamma-ray spectrometry with a coaxial Ge detector and a well-type NaI(Tl) detector. The concentrations of 38 elements were determined by these methods.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and other elements in Belgrade using the moss biomonitoring technique and neutron activation analysis.

This study aimed at assessing atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and other elements using the moss genera Brachythecium sp. (B. rutabulum and B. salebrosum) and Eurhynchium sp. (E. hians and E. striatum) collected in autumn 2004 in the urban area of Belgrade. The concentrations of 36 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta, W, Hg, Th, U) were determined in moss and local topsoil samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The concentration of elements in moss positively correlated to those obtained for topsoil. High enrichment factors for As, Zn, Mo, Br, Sb, Se, Hg and Cl, calculated to continental crust composition, gave an evidence for anthropogenic impact on urban area, mainly due to intensive vehicular traffic and fossil fuel combustion. The concentration of elements in moss, characteristic for fossil fuel combustion, obtained in this study were substantially lower than in the previous investigation (2000) conducted in the area of Belgrade. The level of concentrations for V, Cr, Ni, and As in moss from this study correlated to those measured for neighboring countries, and were several times higher than the base-level data from low polluted areas. The level of accumulated elements in both investigated moss genera were similar and all studied species could be combined for biomonitoring purposes in urban areas.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Study of essential elements in cattle tissues from a tropical country using instrumental neutron activation analysis.

There has been increasing interest in the elemental composition of animal tissues to support health and nutritional studies. Determining the elemental concentration in cattle tissues is especially important because these materials are used for multipurpose objectives such as the assessment of animal health, the quality of human foods consumed, and as a potential environmental biomonitor. Chromium, copper, sodium, potassium, iron, and zinc levels were determined in bovine tissues--kidney, liver and muscle--from cattle bred and raised in a potentially metal contaminated region because of mineral activities. The Brazilian data were obtained using k0-instrumental neutron activation analysis, performed at the Nuclear Development Technology Centre/Nuclear Energy National Commission (CDTN/CNEN) in Minas Gerais State. The values of international organizations and the Brazilian analytical data are compatible. This study indicates that the nuclear technique is an efficient tool to determine elemental concentration in animal biological samples.

Animals↗