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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Signature size in the psychiatric diagnosis: a significant clinical sign?

To test the hypothesis that patients' signatures may have a useful potential in making psychiatric diagnoses, the authors conducted a correlation study between signature sizes and psychiatric diagnoses. 252 medical records at St. Louis State Hospital in Missouri, USA, were randomized for the measurement of the signature sizes and assessment of DSM-III diagnoses. Analysis of variance and pair-wise comparison show that the signature size in the manic group is significantly larger than those of any other categories of psychiatric diagnoses (p less than 0.05), and that the signature size of organic mental disorder is significantly larger than those of the normal group (p less than 0.05). The authors suggest that further studies are needed to develop the clinical significance, if any, for interpreting patients' signatures.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Multi-modal hallucinations.

A patient may experience hallucinations in more than one modality simultaneously or at different times and they may or may not appear to emanate from a single source. Current nomenclature is imprecise, often has particular diagnostic implications and fails to distinguish between these different phenomena. This has resulted in considerable confusion with a tendency to dismiss the importance of these symptoms. The various terms in current usage and the presence of these symptoms in a variety of different conditions are examined. To aid further research and improve clinical practice the authors advocate the use of the term multi-modal hallucinations and suggest operational criteria.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1987

Integration of DSM-III and ICD-8 to be used in a consultation-liaison psychiatric service. Preliminary experiences.

In 1983 a total of 405 patients received psychiatric supervision in somatic departments in the general hospital. At this supervision, these patients were registered by means of a five-axial diagnostic coding according to the DMS III principle, and this was combined with a quantitative global assessment of the severity of the condition. Reliability testing was undertaken by five supervising physicians with a total of 15 patients. The total number of supervisions constituted one supervision per somatic bed per annum. Women were overrepresented, and medical departments made the greatest use of psychiatric supervision. Reactive conditions dominated parallel with a high relative incidence of alcohol-related conditions. In patients with diagnoses of psychoses, only slight to moderate psychiatric symptoms were encountered. This held true also for personality deviations. 50% of the patients had experienced significant psychosocial stress, but 10% of these were diagnosed as having non-reactive psychoses, 52% of the patients had moderate to pronounced disturbances of social function. Half of the patients supervised in this manner could be investigated or treated in the referring departments. Approximately half of the patients in whom referral to private psychiatric specialists was made did not keep these appointments. Reliability testing in the material shows the employability of the diagnostic armamentarium. All in all, the investigation suggests that extension of the liaison psychiatric service in somatic departments would result in a relative increase in the number of patients who could be treated in the referring department and an increase in the number of psychiatric conditions diagnosed. Establishment of a psychiatric outpatient clinic in the somatic environment appears to be indicated.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Developments in liaison psychiatry in the United Kingdom.

This paper reviews the organisation of liaison psychiatry in the United Kingdom and discusses the range of clinical problems which liaison psychiatrists undertake. It is suggested that, if services are to expand, more controlled intervention studies must be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of psychiatry in a general medical setting.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Juvenile court versus child guidance referral: psychosocial and parental factors.

The authors compared the psychiatric symptoms, socioeconomic status, family structure, family size, and occurrence of treated parental mental illness in 136 children referred to a juvenile court and 82 children referred to a child guidance clinic. The prevalence of psychiatric and organic symptoms and treated parental psychopathology in both groups of children did not differ significantly. Juvenile court clinic children, however, tended to come from larger families and to lack a biological mother in the home. The authors explore explanations for the routing of sick children to the juvenile court rather than to a treatment facility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Primary prevention in perspective.

Discussion of primary prevention has been made difficult by lack of clarity of underlying concepts and assumptions. Is the purpose to prevent diagnosable mental illness or to prevent unhappiness and social incompetence? What are the implications of the assumption that societal stress causes mental illness? Is there a clear distinction made between major and minor mental illness? Except for a few specific conditions there is little evidence that primary prevention has been effective. The authors feel that research and program evaluation in prevention is sorely needed but should be funded separately and with discretion. Scarce mental health funds should not be diverted from direct treatment for this purpose.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

DSM-III: the major achievements and an overview.

DSM-III will be published early this year. In the first part of this article the authors describe some of the major achievements of DSM-III: the process of its development, reaching consensus on many controversial diagnostic categories and a definition of mental disorder, the provision of diagnostic criteria and a multiaxial evaluation system, and the demonstration of improved diagnostic reliability. In the second part of the article the authors present an overview of DSM-III in which they describe its departures from DSM-II and the reasons for these changes. They conclude that in the next few years there should be systematic study of DSM-III in use, so that information about its strengths and limitations can be made available to those responsible for developing DSM-IV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A new look at organic brain syndromes.

The author points out that organic mental disorders have been neglected for the past 30 years and that the classification of these disorders is obsolete. On the basis of the new explicit criteria formulated in DSM-III, the growing recognition that organic disorders constitute a major public health problem, the advances made in the neurosciences, and the current focus on chronic diseases and critical care medicine, however, he predicts an increase in interest in organic mental disorders in the coming years. He outlines the new classification system, suggesting that it should stimulate research and thus lead to sorely needed therapeutic advances.

Affective Symptoms↗