SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Neuritis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Spinal cord microglia in experimental allergic neuritis. Evidence for fast and remote activation.

We have studied the response and the spatial distribution pattern of microglial cells during experimental allergic neuritis induced in the Lewis rat by the transfer of varying doses of activated T cells specific either for the P2 or P0 protein. The microglial reaction was studied immunocytochemically at the light and electron microscopic level using a panel of monoclonal antibodies which included two recently produced antibodies against rat microglial cells, Murine Clone 101 and 102. Activation of microglial cells became apparent through changes in their immunophenotype and morphology within 48 hours of T cell transfer and therefore preceded the onset of clinical disease. Activated microglial cells showed an increased expression of the complement type three receptor, the murine clone 101 and 102 determinants and major histocompatibility complex antigens. The microglial reaction in experimental allergic neuritis occurs at a site remote from the inflammatory changes in the peripheral nerve, the microglial reaction being most prominent in the dorsal and ventral grey matter of the lumbar and the thoracic spinal cord. Similar changes were also observed at this time in the terminal projection fields of the primary, afferent, sensory fibers, such as the nucleus gracilis. Subsequently, after 7 days, motoneurons, particularly in the ventral grey matter of the lumbar spinal cord, were ensheathed by perineuronal microglial cells. These perineuronal microglial cells were in close contact with the neuronal plasma membrane and occasionally appeared to detach afferent synaptic terminals from the surface. Microglial responses were not detected in animals injected with nonpathogenic T cells specific either for the purified protein derivative or ovalbumin. This early activation of microglial cells observed in experimental allergic neuritis suggests that a rapid and remote signaling might be operating in the microglial responses during T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[A case of optic neuritis associated with anticardiolipin antibodies].

We reported a case of optic neuritis with the persistence of severe visual loss and central scotoma in a 26-year-old woman who was proven to have biologic false positive test for syphilis, and the elevated serum titres of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies. C.S.F. findings showed the absence of oligoclonal bands and the presence of IgM anticardiolipin antibody. She was treated twice at intervals of two weeks with methylprednisolone 1000 mg intravenously daily for three days (pulse therapy), and was started on oral prednisolone 60 mg daily which tapered gradually. After the second treatment of the pulse therapy, her visual acuity was improved remarkably and the titre of anticardiolipin antibodies became normal. Her clinical course seemed to be different from that of the optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis, in which many of patients recover near normal visual acuity after a first attack. We suggested that antiphospholipid antibodies might play a role in the etiology of her optic neuritis.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Clinical study on the wrist-ankle acupuncture treatment for 30 cases of diabetic peripheral neuritis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanisms of wrist-ankle acupuncture for prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuritis. METHODS: Ninety cases of diabetic peripheral neuritis were randomly divided into 3 groups, and treated respectively with wrist-ankle acupuncture, body-acupuncture, and the western routine medical treatment, with 30 cases in each of the groups; and therapeutic effects and laboratory results compared. RESULTS: It is proved that the therapeutic effects of the wrist-ankle acupuncture group and body acupuncture group were significantly superior to those of the control group, with no significant differences between the former two groups. CONCLUSION: Wrist-ankle acupuncture has the actions of improving the metabolisms of blood sugar and blood-lipid, lowering down blood viscosity, and restoring the functions of peripheral nerve cells, thus giving definite therapeutic effects for diabetic peripheral neuritis.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMed2006

Cyclosporine A treatment of leprosy patients with chronic neuritis is associated with pain control and reduction in antibodies against nerve growth factor.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic neuritis (CN) is still a major problem in leprosy and is difficult to manage in patients who do not respond well to prednisone. In this study we (i) evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CyA) in controlling CN patients, and (ii) analyse the presence of anti-NGF antibodies in the sera of leprosy patients, and their behaviour during CyA treatment. DESIGN: This was an open, prospective, non-comparative study. Sixty-seven leprosy patients in three different institutions in Pará, Brazil were studied from January, 2001 to January, 2004. Of these, 47 had no CN and 20 were leprosy patients suffering from CN and taking at least 40 mg/day prednisone to control nerve impairment and pain. Patients received 12 months reducing course CyA starting at 5 mg/kg per day. The outcome measure was sensory impairment, assessed using Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination (SWME), muscular force and spontaneous or palpation-related pain. RESULTS: Antibodies against NGF were detected in the sera of leprosy patients, which may explain the depletion of NGF in leprosy contributing to neuritis, inflammation and loss of cutaneous nociception. The levels of these antibodies in CN patients were slightly lower than in patients with no CN. However, anti-NGF titres in CN patients treated with CyA were lowered to levels similar to those in the normal subjects. There was also improvement in sensory impairment, muscular force and pain. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that anti-NGF antibodies are present in the sera of leprosy patients and may influence the outcome of neuritis, and that CyA might be a useful drug in controlling nerve impairment and pain in leprosy patients.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Dysgammaglobulinemia in steroid-dependent optic neuritis: response to gammaglobulin treatment.

At the age of 12, a prematurely born boy with an otherwise unremarkable past medical history developed bilateral optic neuritis associated with transverse myelopathy. Over the ensuing 3 years, recurrent bouts of optic neuritis OU, with dyschromatopsia, and acuity and field loss (arcuate, central, and paracentral scotomas) were controlled with increasing doses of corticosteroids. However, the patient became steroid-dependent and experienced recurrent optic neuritis during multiple attempts at tapering the steroids. He developed optic atrophy and steroid complications, including cushingnoid features and growth maturation delay. Immunoglobulin G subclass 2 and 3 deficiencies were the only serologically detectable abnormalities. Administration of intravenous gammaglobulin (25 g monthly) allowed discontinuation of steroids without further ophthalmic or neurologic disease. Following steroid withdrawal and institution of gammaglobulin, the patient grew 6 inches within 2 years, regaining his vision, retrieving his stature, and normalizing his psychosocial development.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

High-pass resolution perimetry in optic neuritis.

The topography of visual field defects resulting from optic neuritis as measured by spatial resolution perimetry is not known. Using high-pass resolution perimetry, the number and severity of visual field defects in the central visual field was determined in 18 patients with resolved optic neuritis and 18 age-matched controls. Comparisons were made between three groups of eyes: (1) the involved eyes of the patients, (2) the uninvolved eyes of the patients, and (3) the eyes of the controls. Concentric zone analysis showed the involved eyes to have depression of the visual field in all zones with slightly more loss centrally. The "uninvolved" eyes showed a mild equal depression in all zones. Spatial resolution acuity measurements (which correlate directly with the spatial separation of retinal ganglion cell receptive field centers) indicated that the percentage of functioning retinocortical channels for normal eyes, uninvolved eyes, and involved eyes were 112%, 94%, and 58% of the reference normal values, respectively. These differences were all statistically significant. Resolution perimetry of the central visual field of eyes with resolved optic neuritis involves the cecocentral and Bjerrum areas. The loss was often patchy and a combination of cecocentral and arcuate defects. There was also a mild generalized depression of the uninvolved eye.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Evaluation of acute vertigo: unusual lesions imitating vestibular neuritis.

The acute onset of vertigo is a common clinical problem presenting to primary care physicians or otologists for evaluation. Usually the underlying disease process is benign and self-limited in nature. In the absence of hearing loss or additional neurologic findings, a common initial diagnosis is vestibular neuritis. The patient is treated symptomatically and observed for spontaneous resolution. However, other more serious disease processes may mimic the presentation of vestibular neuritis and be misdiagnosed. Five cases of serious central nervous system disorders that were similar to vestibular neuritis in their initial presentation are reviewed to illustrate this point. Each patient presented with the acute onset of continuous vertigo without associated hearing loss. The correct diagnosis was established only after further evaluation was pursued. Recommendations for the initial and subsequent evaluation of these patients are discussed.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

[MR imaging of optic neuritis using short T1 IR (inversion recovery)].

We evaluated the ability of MRI using short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) to diagnose optic neuritis. Eleven patients with previous or recent attack of optic neuritis were studied with MRI at 0.5 tesla. STIR images revealed high signal regions in 7 of 12 symptomatic and 5 of 10 asymptomatic nerves. Three of five asymptomatic nerves with high intensity were pertinent to the cases with past attack and seemed to reflect the demyelinating change. The other two nerves were pertinent to the cases without past attack and seemed to show occult lesions. We consider that STIR is useful in detection of optic nerve lesions associated with optic neuritis.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

"Optic neuritis": a masquerading disease.

Optic neuritis is a clinical entity with specific characteristics. Many disease can be associated with the symptomatology. We retrospectively selected the files of 16 persons out of 60 optic neuritis patients. Selection was based on the detection of a non-common etiology. As underlying etiology for "optic neuritis" we found e.g.: histiocytosis, intracerebral aneurysm, spongioblastoma.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1989

[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with meningitis, myelitis, and bilateral optic neuritis].

A 16-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital in August 23, 1986, for headache, nausea and low grade fever. Marked increases in immunoglobulin indices were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. When she was 13, she was diagnosed as having SLE and lupus nephritis. On September 9, 1986, she complained of urinary retention, and pathological reflexes were elicited bilaterally. On September 13, she complained of a sudden loss of vision (count fingers) in the right eye which worsened to a visual acuity of light perception over the next 48 hours. A visual evoked response potentials (VEP) to flash stimulation gave a loss of amplitude and an increase in latency. On September 16, she complained of a similar loss of vision in the left eye. Leakage of dye around the left optic disc was found by a fluorescein angiogram on September 26. These results indicated a diagnosis of bilateral optic neuritis. Both visual acuity returned rapidly over the following month following oral prednisolone treatment. Optic neuritis is an exceedingly rare complication in SLE. Although the visual prognosis have been fairly good in the reported cases, some have resulted in various states of blindness. As for etiology of optic neuritis in our patient, ischemic change of optic nerves due to microvasculopathy as well as slight demyelinating process were speculated by the VEP pattern.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Relationship between central visual field and pattern VECP in optic neuritis].

We compared the visual field within 10 degrees with the latency and amplitude of the P100 component of pattern visually evoked cortical potentials (PVECPs) in optic neuritis. Twenty five eyes of 17 cases with optic neuritis suffered from multiple sclerosis (MS) and in 21 eyes of 17 cases optic neuritis was caused by unknown etiology. The visual field was tested by program 31 of the automated perimeter Octopus. PVECPs were recorded with a television system. The visual field was considered to be abnormal for when at least one abnormal point was found within a 10-degree field. P100 peak latency of PVECPs with above normal mean latency plus 2SD was defined as abnormally prolonged. The abnormalities found by 10-degree visual field and PVECPs latency correlated significantly both in cases of MS and unknown cause. The eyes with mean loss of over 4dB within a 10-degree visual field invariably had a delayed latency. Those with an abnormal central point or abnormal points in the lower part within 10-degree visual field had a delayed latency. The latency was estimated in relation to causes, age, visual acuity and visual field. The cases with worse vision or worse field showed a tendency to have a prolonged latency. In unilateral cases the ratio of PVECPs amplitude between affected eyes and healthy fellow eyes was studied. The eyes which had abnormal visual field within 10 degrees and a delayed latency showed reduced amplitude of at most 61% compared with that of the healthy fellow eyes(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Optic neuritis in cat scratch disease.

A patient with optic neuritis is described whose associated lymphadenopathy, cat exposure, and positive cat scratch antigen skin test suggested the diagnosis of cat scratch disease. Optic neuritis and other neurologic abnormalities, especially encephalopathy, may be associated with, or the presenting manifestation of, cat scratch disease. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of cat scratch disease-related optic neuritis to be reported.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Surgical treatment of leprous neuritis. The results in 114 operations].

One hundred and fourteen surgical operations for neuritis were performed in 50 patients coming from areas where leprosy is endemic. The neurological signs included pain and/or sensorimotor deficit. The surgical procedure consisted of transposition and/or neurolysis. Pain subsided in 86 per cent of the cases, and the sensorimotor deficit was reduced in 78.9 per cent. The effects of surgery on pain always appeared on recovery from anaesthesia or on the day following the operation. The results were particularly good in young subjects and in patients with neurological signs of recent onset. Poor results were observed only in cases of old and painless neuritis with motor deficit, the latter being usually unchanged. Few studies have been published on large series of leprous neuritis patients treated surgically. Surgery in such cases must be associated with a medical treatment, failing which the patient is exposed to relapses.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical shift selective magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve in patients with acute optic neuritis.

Optic neuritis is often the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixteen patients with acute optic neuritis and one patient with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging, using a chemical shift selective double spin echo sequence. In 3 of the 16 patients, abnormalities were seen. In one patient with bilateral symptoms, signal hyperintensity and swelling of the right side of the chiasm were found. In another patient the optic nerve was found diffusely enlarged with only a marginally increased signal in the second echo. In the third patient an area of signal hyperintensity and swelling was seen in the left optic nerve. In the patient with BIH the subarachnoid space which surrounds the optic nerves was enlarged. Even using this refined pulse sequence, avoiding the major artefact in imaging the optic nerve, the chemical shift artefact, lesions were only shown in 3/16 (19%) of the patients with optic neuritis. Nevertheless, the presented chemical shift selective double spin echo sequence may be of great value for detection of retrobulbar lesions.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

Brachial neuritis involving the bilateral phrenic nerves.

Brachial neuritis with bilateral hemidiaphragmatic paralysis has been reported in two previous cases in the literature. We report a patient who experienced severe right shoulder discomfort three weeks prior to hospital admission which evolved to include both shoulders. Two weeks prior to admission he noticed the onset of discomfort in breathing in the supine position and shortness of breath with minor exertion. The admitting diagnoses were myocardial infarction due to significant ECG changes and idiopathic elevated bilateral hemidiaphragms. The patient had findings significant for tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds at the bases bilaterally, impaired motion of the bilateral lung bases on inspiration and paradoxical respirations. Comprehensive medical testing and evaluation revealed bilateral elevated hemidiaphragms and vital capacity 40% of normal. Weakness of the proximal shoulder girdle and bicep musculature bilaterally was noted. Electromyography was significant for reduced recruitment pattern in the bilateral shoulder girdle musculature. Nerve conduction studies suggested bilateral phrenic neuropathy. This case is an unusual presentation of brachial neuritis affecting the bilateral shoulder girdle with phrenic nerve involvement. The differential diagnosis of acute shoulder pain associated with respiratory symptomatology should therefore include brachial neuritis.

Brachial Plexus↗

PubMed1985

Two cases of the diagnosis of optic neuritis leading to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

More than one of three persons with multiple sclerosis will eventually get optic neuritis during the course of their disease. In each case below, a patient presented to an optometrist with optic neuritis, the discovery of which aided in the subsequent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. These patients exhibited most of the typical signs of optic neuritis; reduced visual acuity, Marcus Gunn pupil, central scotomata, reduced color vision, abnormal funduscopic appearance, and pain on eye movement.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Differential diagnosis of amblyopia and retrobulbar neuritis with electroophthalmologic methods].

The electroretinogram (ERG), the brightness visual evoked cortical potential (H-EP) and the pattern reversal visual evoked cortical potential (M-EP) were recorded from 7 patients with amblyopia and 5 patients with neuritis retrobulbaris. The ERGs and the H-EPs of the amblyopic eyes were normal whereas the amplitude of the M-EP was significant diminished. The parameters of the ERG recorded from the patients with neuritis retrobulbaris showed normal values, however the H-EPs were significantly decreased and the peaktimes were delayed. Also a decrease in the amplitudes of the M-EPs was noticed. This method is a usefull clinical contribution in the differential diagnosis between amblyopia and neuritis retrobulbaris.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Results of direct surgery of the peroneal nerve in neuritis in Hansen's disease].

Twenty-two patients with common peroneal neuritis from Hansen's disease were treated surgically. Physiopathologic and semiologic features of the affection are discussed, as well as the rules for therapeutic protocols, which should involve both medical and surgical treatment, and the operative technique described. Results on motor function appear to be satisfactory, but are dependent on many factors (duration of the neuritis, importance of the compressive factor, immunopathological form of the disease, quality of medical treatment). The indications for these neurolytic procedures are defined, and are predominantly any hyperalgic deficiency neuritis. The only contraindications are chronic painless palsies where improvement is doubtful because of neural fibrosis.

Adolescent↗