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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Development and evaluation of an interactive multimedia clinical skills teaching program designed for the pediatric clerkship.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated the physical-examination section of a multimedia program developed to teach infant history and physical-examination skills. METHODS: A total of 71 students participated: one group viewed only the physical-examination section (PX), one the history section (HX), one none of the program (CX). We assessed physical-examination skills by direct observation of medical students performing an abdominal exam and scored using a checklist at baseline, immediately after intervention, and at the end of the pediatric clerkship. We analyzed results using analysis of variance with repeated measures. RESULTS: Baseline scores were PX = 2.5, HX = 2.8. The PX group scored significantly higher immediately postintervention at 6.8 compared to the HX group (3.1). At the end of the clerkship, significant differences between the groups remained. Final group mean scores were PX = 5.5, HX = 4.4, and CX = 2.7. CONCLUSION: The program improved examination skills with attenuation over 6 weeks.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Extending a multimedia medical record to a regional service with electronic referral and discharge letters.

Oulu University Hospital has a Web-based multimedia medical record in use. One key element in the creation of regional e-health networks is an electronic referral letter and discharge letter service. In Oulu an XML messaging system is used for an integral part of the medical record. The service has now been extended to primary care centres and hospitals in the Oulu region. Using a secure Web link, primary care physicians have direct remote access to the original hospital's electronic patient record, including medical images and laboratory results. According to the users, e-referral saves time and improves the quality of documentation. On the other hand, workflow development is still immature. Our experience suggests that the implementation of e-referrals is a process which requires careful handling, in relation to the technology as well as organizational changes and communication.

Correspondence as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Skills training using multimedia and models.

All doctors need basic surgical skills. Learning and retaining such skills requires repeated practice. This article describes structured training provided by a multimedia computer program combined with practice on simulated tissue models.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

Producing a multimedia CD-ROM.

The multimedia capabilities of modern computers promise a rich contribution to medical education, integrating video, animation and graphics as a single courseware package. Using the new generation of design tools, computer-assisted learning material can be successfully created in-house.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed2006

Changing dentists' knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding domestic violence through an interactive multimedia tutorial.

BACKGROUND: Dentists have a unique opportunity to address the problem of domestic violence (DV). The authors tested the effectiveness of a tutorial designed to educate dentists in identifying and responding to DV. METHODS: The authors developed a brief interactive multimedia tutorial for dentists and recruited practicing dentists (N = 174) for a randomized, controlled trial. A 24-question instrument assessed participants' knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviors regarding DV at two time points. The control group took the tutorial before completing a posttest. The authors also administered a 20-question empathy scale. RESULTS: The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in scores on most items, including knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, relative to control subjects (P < .01). Empathy scores did not show significant correlation with change scores on the DV assessment instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The tutorial is effective in helping dentists learn how to identify and help patients who are experiencing abuse. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Broad dissemination of the tutorial about DV would introduce dentists to simple strategies for responding to patients who experience DV.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

When redundant on-screen text in multimedia technical instruction can interfere with learning.

It is frequently assumed that presenting the same material in written and spoken form benefits learning and understanding. The present work provides a theoretical justification based on cognitive load theory, and empirical evidence based on controlled experiments, that this assumption can be incorrect. From a theoretical perspective, it is suggested that if learners are required to coordinate and simultaneously process redundant material such as written and spoken text, an excessive working memory load is generated. Three experiments involving a group of 25 technical apprentices compared the effects of simultaneously presenting the same written and auditory textual information as opposed to either temporally separating the two modes or eliminating one of the modes. The first two experiments demonstrated that nonconcurrent presentation of auditory and visual explanations of a diagram proved superior, in terms of ratings of mental load and test scores, to a concurrent presentation of the same explanations when instruction time was constrained. The 3rd experiment demonstrated that a concurrent presentation of identical auditory and visual technical text (without the presence of diagrams) was significantly less efficient in comparison with an auditory-only text. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design and evaluation of multimedia instructional systems and audiovisual displays.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Web multimedia information retrieval using improved Bayesian algorithm.

The main thrust of this paper is application of a novel data mining approach on the log of user's feedback to improve web multimedia information retrieval performance. A user space model was constructed based on data mining, and then integrated into the original information space model to improve the accuracy of the new information space model. It can remove clutter and irrelevant text information and help to eliminate mismatch between the page author's expression and the user's understanding and expectation. User space model was also utilized to discover the relationship between high-level and low-level features for assigning weight. The authors proposed improved Bayesian algorithm for data mining. Experiment proved that the authors' proposed algorithm was efficient.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Investigating the mechanics of multimedia box models: how to explain differences between models in terms of mass fluxes?

The simple mathematical structure of multimedia fate models makes it possible to change the process descriptions and geometry of such models relatively easily. With different versions of a model, the effect of a process or compartment that is included in one version of the model but excluded in another version can be investigated. Here, a new method for performing such a model comparison in a quantitative way is presented. Based on the mass balances for the two model versions, it can be shown that, for a compartment contained in both model versions, the difference between a chemical's concentrations in this compartment is related directly to the difference in those mass fluxes that have different rate constants in the two models. Moreover, it is possible to identify the contributions to the concentration difference that stem from individual mass fluxes so that the concentration difference can be tracked back to specific differences in the process descriptions of the two models. This flux analysis method is illustrated with two versions of a unit-world model, one with and one without a vegetation compartment. With DDT and six polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners as example chemicals, the differences of the chemicals' concentrations in air and soil caused by the vegetation compartment are explained by using the flux analysis method. The future potential of the method for comparing not only versions of the same model but also models of different structure is discussed.

DDT↗
PubMed2004

Probabilistic uncertainty analysis of the European Union system for the evaluation of substances multimedia regional distribution model.

The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is a computerized model system to facilitate and harmonize health and environmental risk assessment of previously notified and new substances. For calculation of regional background exposure, a multimedia distribution model is used. In the present study, the uncertainty of this regional model is analyzed. Environmental parameters were collected for North Rhine Westphalia (Germany), which resembles the standard region of EUSES. Probability distribution functions of various types (uniform, triangular, normal, log normal) depending on data availability were derived for environmental input parameters, including geometric parameters. Generic log-normal distribution functions with fixed standard deviations were chosen for solubility in air, water, and n-octanol as well as for degradation half-lives. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for 10 reference substances having different properties. Contribution of environmental parameter uncertainty to total output uncertainties is higher than that of substance parameters. Range of output uncertainty, defined as the ratio of the logarithms of the 90th and 10th percentiles of the cumulative probability distribution function, shows an increase from air and water to soil. The highest-occurring range is 1.4 orders of magnitude, which means that total uncertainty of the regional model is relatively low and, usually, is lower than the range of measured values. The median of output probability distributions lies above the point estimate. Influence of input parameters was estimated as their rank correlation coefficients to output uncertainty. Substance and environmental parameters contribute differently to output variance depending on individual substance properties and environmental compartment. Hence, the present study underlines the need to perform uncertainty analyses instead of either using a set of simple rules or just looking at certain parameters.

Environment↗
PubMed2000

Interactive multimedia preventive alcohol education: a technology application in higher education.

This article summarizes the process of implementation and short-term impact on knowledge and attitudes of an interactive multimedia software program on preventive alcohol education for young adults. The three factors related to behavioral change addressed in the software are self-efficacy in maintaining personal control and safety while using alcohol, attitudes and related expectations regarding the physiological and behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption, and peer norms regarding alcohol consumption. As compared to alternative alcohol education and a no-alcohol education groups, students using the interactive computer lesson reported learning more about dose-response and ways to intervene with friends in peril. The article concludes with consideration of the import of this technology for informing students about the consequences of alcohol use, and the utility to higher education institutions of using this technology in an era when pressures increase for due diligence around student safety but with few additional institutional resources.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

A multimedia interactive education system for prostate cancer patients: development and preliminary evaluation.

BACKGROUND: A cancer diagnosis is highly distressing. Yet, to make informed treatment choices patients have to learn complicated disease and treatment information that is often fraught with medical and statistical terminology. Thus, patients need accurate and easy-to-understand information. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the development and preliminary evaluation through focus groups of a novel highly-interactive multimedia-education software program for patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. METHODS: The prostate interactive education system uses the metaphor of rooms in a virtual health center (ie, reception area, a library, physician offices, group meeting room) to organize information. Text information contained in the library is tailored to a person's information-seeking preference (ie, high versus low information seeker). We conducted a preliminary evaluation through 5 separate focus groups with prostate cancer survivors (N = 18) and their spouses (N = 15). RESULTS: Focus group results point to the timeliness and high acceptability of the software among the target audience. Results also underscore the importance of a guide or tutor who assists in navigating the program and who responds to queries to facilitate information retrieval. CONCLUSIONS: Focus groups have established the validity of our approach and point to new directions to further enhance the user interface.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A CD-ROM prototype of a multimedia-based interactive tool and guide, to perform quality control tests for the computed tomography scanners.

Quality control tests for CT scanners are very important for correct machine performance, and for the radiation protection of patients and medical personnel. As proliferation of CT scanners continues, the need for distributable software tools to perform quality control tests becomes evident. A multimedia tool and guide will help medical physicists and technologists to perform these tests easily and correctly. The guide can be easily accessible in CD-ROM, or networked on the Internet. The user, medical physicist or technologist, can find in the present guide the pertinent theoretical information and the procedures necessary to perform the quality control tests, with the help of texts, CT images and photographs, narration and video. The results of the tests are automatically compared with machine specifications and acceptable values set by international bodies, and are stored in a table.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed2004

COR V2: teaching observational research with multimedia courseware.

Courseware for Observational Research (COR Version 2) is an interactive multimedia program designed to teach the foundation of the scientific method: systematic observation. COR uses digital video with interactive coding to teach basic concepts, such as creating precise operational definitions; using frequency, interval, and duration coding; developing sampling strategies; and analyzing and interpreting data. Through lessons, a case study, and laboratory exercises, it gradually scaffolds students from teacher-directed learning into self-directed learning. The newest addition to COR is a case study in which students work collaboratively, using their own observations to make recommendations about a child's disruptive behavior in an after-school program. Evaluations of the lessons showed that classes using COR received better grades on their field observations than did those using methods that are more traditional. Students' confidence and knowledge increased as they moved through each section of the program.

Child↗
PubMed2000

OBSERVE: a multimedia course on the observational analysis of behavior.

OBSERVE is a preliminary release of a multimedia course for teaching undergraduate and graduate students how and why to study behavior by direct observation. The instructional text and commentary and the self-test and examination materials are built around a series of exercises in which the student observes and categorizes film clips of the behavior of several different species in several different ways. Incorporation of elements from The Observer software for computer recording and video analysis implements fully computerized continuous recording. At present, the text, together with check sheets that the program generates, enables a comparison between one-zero, instantaneous, and continuous sampling of the same behavioral excerpts. Matrices are printed out for an exercise in calculating interobserver reliability. Another section supports carrying out and writing up a small observational project on human behavior in the field. Plans for the future development of OBSERVE are briefly described.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using interactive multimedia to teach pedestrian safety: an exploratory study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an interactive multimedia (IMM) program that teaches young children safe pedestrian skills. METHODS: The program uses IMM (animation and video) to teach children critical skills for crossing streets safely. A computer-delivered video assessment and a real-life street simulation were used to measure the effectiveness of the program in teaching safe street-crossing skills. RESULTS: Significant effects were found on the computer-delivered and behavioral measures. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that children can learn to discriminate dangerous elements in traffic situations using the IMM program and transfer that knowledge to real-life environments.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1997

W.W.W. cooperative multimedia interface in medicine.

The World Wide Web is now the most used multimedia information system on Internet allowing, by means of Web browsers such as Netscape Navigator or Mosaic, distribution or consultation of hypermedia documents. Although the Web has appeared only recently, the growth of its use has generated the emergence of numerous information and knowledge bases in the medical field. We suggest to investigate extended functionalities in order to introduce cooperative activities in our medical information system. These new activities allow asynchronous exchange of records and synchronous cooperation for a better coordination of the work within and between hospitals.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

Browsing and querying multimedia report collections.

In this paper a system and new methodologies that enable efficient exploration of distributed collections of multimedia reports are described. A conceptual model for the report and a method to semi-automatically create a hypermedia report network have been defined. The main issues addressed in this project were to exploit the textual component of a report to give a more evident semantic meaning to the data produced during the relative exam and to provide users with new interaction paradigms based on Internet technologies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Periodontology's application of multimedia.

This article makes an approach about the use of multimedia resources applied in odontology computer science educational, especially in periodontia. It highlights the importance of the use of these resources, as well as the one that than there is of more recent in this area.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗