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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The relation of arterial pressure and the rate of Na-Li countertransport in a representative subsample of the population of Moscow residents].

A study was made of the relationship between Na-Li countertransport and arterial blood pressure in 95 persons selected at random from the representative sample (n = 1716) of the population of one of the districts of Moscow. Of these, 34 persons turned out to be normotensive, 15 had borderline hypertension, 44 stable essential hypertension, and 2 persons presented with secondary hypertension. A positive correlation was found between countertransport and age and weight, determining 20.4% of interindividual variability of countertransport values. The mean value of countertransport in the hypertension group appeared much higher than in the normotensive group, both without and with regard to the correlating parameters. Repeated examinations demonstrated that the countertransport value in each person remained unchanged for two years. A nonlinear correlation was discovered between countertransport and arterial blood pressure. The rate of countertransport is not related to arterial blood pressure (low and high values). A dramatic change in the countertransport values occurred within a narrow borderline range of arterial blood pressure.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1987

[Primary serological screening of the infection caused by the LAV/HTLV-III/HIV virus in Moscow].

The screening covering 5,155 residents of Moscow and 6,412 foreign students revealed the presence of antibodies to the virus, causing immunodeficiency in man, in 20 students from African countries. The antibodies were detected by means of the immune blotting assay. The problem of the possibility of the heterosexual transfer of the virus is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of ischemic heart disease in a survey of a male population 40-59 years of age (data of cooperative studies performed in Moscow, Kaunas, Kiev and Kharkov)].

The authors analyzed the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its various types detected by routine epidemiological methods among the examinees in four cities (Moscow, Kaunas, Kiev, and Kharkov). The results were obtained in the collaboration study, adhering to the rigid standardization of all the procedures applied. Examination of 17, 168 males aged 40-59 years revealed signs of CHD in 13.8%; 3.3% had a history of myocardial infarction; 5.3% suffered from exertional angina without prior myocardial infarction; 5.2% showed a painless course of CHD. The analysis demonstrated that simultaneous use of the standard epidemiological methods is the only way of ensuring a more complete detection of CHD. In different cities, from 36.4 to 60.8% were not aware of the presence of the disease. Secondary preventive measures should involve methods for identifying the major risk factors and eliminating the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Study of arterial pressure, body weight, motor activity and prevalence of smoking in two independent samples of Moscow schoolchildren 11 and 14 years of age].

The paper treats the results of a comparative 6-year study of arterial blood pressure, body weight, motor activity, and tobacco-smoking prevalence with respect to two representative samples of schoolchildren aged 11 and 14 years living in one of the districts of Moscow. A total of 1999 and 1219 persons were examined. The scope of examination amounted to 88 to 93 percent. From 1978-1980 to 1985-1986 the levels of systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure increased whereas the physical activity of the schoolchildren of the same age declined. The situation with tobacco-smoking changed towards better. Thus the number of tobacco-smoking boys aged 14 years reduced almost 2-fold in spite of the lack of any prophylactic interventions in that population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Experience with improving the system of postgraduate training of public health administrators in Moscow].

Proceeding from the sample survey of the state of training Moscow health administrators, a functional model of continuous postgraduate education for the heads of health care facilities is proposed. The study tackles the problems of training of the manpower reserve. The problems of more effective training combined with the use of active instruction methods are discussed.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[Patent information service at the Moscow Research Institute of Tuberculosis].

The history of the patent information service at the Moscow Research Institute of Tuberculosis, the RSFSR Ministry of Public Health is described and the tendencies to its further development are defined. The main principles of the information system at the Institute, the characteristics of its information reference and retrieval services, the forms and methods used for providing the Republic Special Program with patent information are presented. The problems of the data processing automation are discussed. The influence of the patent information service on advanced levels of scientific and practical activity, as well as invention and rationalization practice is analyzed.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Organization of deafness services to children in Moscow].

In recent years the percentage of patients with neurosensory hypoacusis among those with chronic hearing diseases has substantially increased. This fact makes important improvement of surdological aid to children in Moscow. The major goals of the city surdological department are: detection of children with hearing pathologies, their treatment and rehabilitation, manufacture of hearing aids. Rehabilitation is performed in dedicated kindergartens and schools. At the present time the basic purpose of the personnel is to detect children with hearing problems in high risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immune structure and rubella incidence in pregnant women in Moscow].

The immune structure of the Moscow City population (mostly, pregnant women) in relation to rubella virus antigen. Specific antihemagglutinins were found in 82%-93% of pregnant women, depending on their age. Examination of sera from 207 pregnant women who had contacts with rubella patients demonstrated clinically manifest rubella verified serologically in 9.2%, and asymptomatic form of rubella in 8.6%. By an immunochemical method (treatment of sera with staphylococca reagent) specific rubella IgM were found in 7 (100%) pregnant women who had experienced clinically manifest rubella, and in 6 (14.3%) pregnant women with asymptomatic rubella.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of borderline mental disorders comparison of the Moscow and Batumi populations of students of specialized educational institutions].

On the basis of a comparative clinico-epidemiological study the authors consider the structure and prevalence of borderline mental disorders and accentuations of the character in adolescents living in Moscow and Batumi. Borderline psychic pathology was correlated with schooling disadaptation of adolescents. Cultural factors are shown to affect the severity and direction of adolescent reactions. A number of medicopedagogical recommendations based on the analysis of the structure of training institutions are provided.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[The structure of iatrogenic diseases based on autopsy data from Moscow and Leningrad].

The occurrence and pattern of disorders attributed to diagnosis and treatment were assessed comparatively by autopsy findings obtained in Moscow and Leningrad. The analysis suggested high frequency rate for iatrogenic diseases promoted by surgical interventions and chemotherapy. Some of these can be traced to physician's errors while delivering therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. The authors cover methodological approaches to gaining information, point to a high informative value of autopsy records, argue that iatrogenic diagnosis must be reflected in autopsy protocols and registered all over the country.

Autopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immune structure of the population of Moscow to the strains of the influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and B circulating in 1977].

Examinations for the presence of antihemagglutinins to influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and B virus strains in the sera from people of different ages collected in April-May and October-November, 1977, showed that influenza A(H1N1) virus began to circulate in the human population of Moscow before the onset of an overt epidemic, in the period between June and October, 1977. This conclusion has been drawn on the basis of the absence of antihemagglutinins to A(H1N1) virus in the sera from subjects of 16-20 years late in April and their detection in 25.9% of those examined on November 23, 1977. The lack of antibody both to the old A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) and a new A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) strains of influenza A (H1N1) virus in this age group in April indirectly attests to the fact that influenza A virus of this subtype has not circulated among the population in the last 20 years. At the same time the observed significant (by 1.5-2.0 log2) rise in the geometric mean titers of antibody to A(H3N2) virus in May-October indicates its continued active circulation among the population in this period. Thermostable inhibitors of influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus in human sera may be most effectively removed by treatment of the sera with potassium periodate or RDE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Blood plasma apolipoproteins A-I and B in different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia: comparative analysis of population groups in Moscow and Prague.

The level of blood plasma apolipoproteins A-I and B was studied in Moscow and Prague residents with different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP). The analysis proceeded in two directions. On the one hand, lipoprotein (LP) spectra in residents of both cities with the same type of LP disturbance (HLP type IIa, IIb or IV) were compared; in Prague lipid and apolipoprotein content was compared in inhabitants with a normal lipid level and those with HLP types I, III and V. The analysis showed that inhabitants of Prague with types II and IV HLP have a higher concentrations of high density LP cholesterol. At the same time, it was found that the apolipoprotein profile of blood plasma LP in HLP patients was similar to that in patients living elsewhere. The authors regard comparative study of LP system disturbances in residents of different cities and countries differing in their geographical, ethnic and ecological conditions as a promising approach to understanding the mechanisms responsible for the development of HLP.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of atherosclerosis among 11-year-old schoolchildren in two Moscow administrative districts.

A total of 4,213 boys and girls 11 years of age were screened in two Moscow administrative districts. Preventive measures were conducted in one district and were directed at excess body mass, systolic blood pressure, blood lipids (only among boys), cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity. A reference group of peers, who did not receive advice on prevention, was selected from another district. The intervention was targeted to three groups--schoolchildren, their parents, and teaching staff. It included round-table discussions, lectures, and the distribution of health-education materials relating to dietary habits and smoking. Over a 3-year period, these measures resulted in nonsignificant decline in the age-specific increase in body mass compared to the reference group. The intervention group had smaller subscapular skinfold thickness measurements than the reference group. These differences were significant. Mean systolic blood pressure increased with age in both groups. The increase was less in the intervention group than in the reference group and affected boys less than girls. A significant decrease in lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) was observed in the intervention district. We conclude that additional study is needed to evaluate more precisely the effectiveness of such prevention efforts.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1988

[Incidence of ischemic heart disease in relation to major risk factors among Moscow male residents aged 20-29 years].

A representative random sample of 3,308 male residents aged 20-59 years from a Moscow district was examined. Only 74% of them participated in the study. Routine epidemiological methods were used to identify various forms of coronary heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of CHD was 9.7% in the population with the incidence of definite CHD of 5% and possible CHD of 4.6%. The prevalence of CHD was significantly associated with age, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalphacholesterolemia, and obesity. The findings should be borne in mind while planning preventive measures in the population of working age.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of coded trials of the activity of the trivalent subunit influenza vaccine Grippovak in Moscow kindergartens in December 1983 through the 1st quarter of 1984].

During the autumn-winter epidemic of influenza-like diseases in December, 1983--first quarter, 1984, in Moscow commissioned coded observations on the effectiveness of prophylactic vaccination against influenza of 3-7-year-old children with a preparation "Grippovak SE-AZh" were carried out in day-care centers. In the previous large-scale trials, 1981-1984, the "Grippovak" had been evaluated positively as a completely harmless, serologically and immunologically active preparation reducing 3-3.5-fold the number of laboratory-verified cases of viral type A and B influenza in the vaccinees. In 1986, however, the "Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology, Immunology" (JMEI, 2: 49-54) published a paper whose authors, on behalf of the Commission which had checked the preparation in the day-care centers (Z.A. Bashliaeva, A.A. Sumarokov, et al.), came to a conclusion that "Grippovak" was ineffective in children. Other members of the above Commission disagreeing with this conclusion made a repeat analysis of the decoded materials of the observations in the day-care centers using computer methods and demonstrated that because of significant prevalence of non-influenza ARD cases and recurrent (up to 44%) ARD cases in children in the 4 months of observation, it was impossible to judge the effectiveness of the vaccine by comparison of the total incidence of influenza and ARD from the clinical data alone in the vaccinees and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

[An analysis of diagnostic discrepancies due to subjective factors in the clinics of Moscow].

Discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses (classes 1-3) attributed to subjective factors have been analyzed for the period 1981-1985. The investigation pooled the data from three largest Moscow hospitals: S. P. Botkin, No. 1 and 7. Subjective misdiagnosis comprises from 34 to 45.6% of overall diagnostic discrepancies. As a rule, it resulted from inadequate clinical examination, underestimation of clinical evidence, overestimation of anamnestic data, misinterpretation of laboratory findings and those of consulting physicians as well as provided by adjuvant investigations. The errors of the above kind are most typical for patients over 60. The authors refer these diagnostic discrepancies to iatrogenesis.

Autopsy↗