Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Meperidine”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Spinal anaesthesia with meperidine as the sole agent.

Twenty male patients of ASA physical status I or II undergoing surgery of the perineal or inguinal areas received intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg-1 as the sole anaesthetic agent. There was sensory and motor block within ten minutes of intrathecal injection of meperidine and surgery was performed with complete analgesia. The duration of surgery was 39.7 +/- 14 (mean +/- SD) minutes. Prolonged postoperative analgesia was obtained and some patients did not require additional narcotic analgesic during the postoperative period, lasting up to seven days. Side effects included nausea and vomiting (six patients), hypotension (five patients), pruritus (five patients) and urinary retention (two patients). There was no early or late respiratory depression. It is concluded that intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg-1 is effective as the sole agent for spinal anaesthesia and produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. It offers an advantage for such painful operations as haemorrhoidectomy and anal fissurectomy where its prolonged analgesic effect is desirable. It could also serve as an alternative agent for spinal anaesthesia when a local anaesthetic is not available.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Comparative effects of morphine, meperidine and pentazocine on cardiocirculatory dynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The cardiocirculatory effects of the commonly used parenteral analgesics, morphine sulfate 15 mg, meperidine hydrochloride 100 mg and pentazocine 60 mg, each administered intravenously, were compared in 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction during cardiac catheterization and by echocardiogram. No untoward hemodynamic effects occurred following the administration of morphine or meperidine. In contrast, pentazocine produced significant (p less than 0.01 to less than 0.05) increases in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, left ventricular filling pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and systolic and diastolic dimensions; and decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. These deleterious actions of pentazocine appeared due to peripheral vasoconstriction and negative inotropic properties. Further, pentazocine-induced increases in left ventricular preload and afterload increased myocardial oxygen demands. Since this study demonstrates that pentazocine is hazardous in myocardial infarction, morphine and meperidine are the preferred analgesics in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of meperidine analgesia on midtrimester abortions induced with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha.

To determine whether increased amounts of meperidine significantly affect the induction of abortion with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha, 42 midtrimester subjects were treated with an identical dose schedule of PFG2alpha and one of two dose schedules of meperidine. Although the group that received more mepridine reported severe pain less frequently, their mean and median induction-to-abortion times, cumulative abortion rate, uterine contractility, and complications were not significantly different from those of the group that received less meperidine.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Obstetric analgesia and infant outcome in monkeys: infant development after intrapartum exposure to meperidine or alfentanil.

Infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta) exposed to narcotic analgesics during labor after treatment of dams were evaluated for growth and development over a 14-week period. Ten infants exposed to meperidine (2 mg/kg maternal dose) or alfentanil (0.1 mg/kg maternal dose) were compared with seven controls whose dams received no analgesic. No group differences in weight gain or body growth were observed. Alfentanil-exposed infants appeared to have a higher incidence of infections requiring veterinary treatment. Measures of spontaneous activity showed a significantly higher incidence of immature rest pattern (laying) in the alfentanil group associated with lower overall locomotor activity relative to controls. Meperidine-exposed infants had a generally higher overall level of locomotor activity than controls that was statistically significant at 11 weeks of age. Alfentanil-exposed animals were impaired in performance of a simple cognitive task (object constancy) at 2 to 3 months of age and meperidine-exposed infants showed a similar nonsignificant trend. Gross and fine motor maturations were similar to those of controls. Thus, in this situation, the impact of obstetric analgesic treatment was demonstrable for several months after birth in some limited areas.

Alfentanil↗
PubMed1989

Intravenous, deltoid, or gluteus administration of meperidine during labor?

It has been suggested, but not well verified, that drug absorption from traditional intramuscular injection sites is altered during labor. This study tested the hypothesis that absorption of meperidine from the gluteus muscle would be impeded when compared with deltoid or intravenous administration. Five patients in labor were given 50 mg intravenously, 10 were given 50 mg in the gluteus muscle, and five were given 50 mg in the deltoid muscle. Five nonpregnant subjects served as their own controls for all three routes of administration. Blood samples were obtained at intervals after injection, meperidine was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and mean plasma levels of meperidine versus time after administration were plotted. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine whether the curves were significantly different from 30 to 150 minutes. Maternal plasma levels after gluteus injection were significantly lower than those after intravenous injection (F[1,8] = 10.53; p less than 0.01). In nonpregnant subjects, drug levels were not significantly different from 30 to 150 minutes after either gluteus or intravenous injection. Plasma levels after deltoid injection were always higher than those after gluteus injection in both pregnant and nonpregnant subjects (F[1,8] = 9.7; p less than 0.02; F[1,8] = 14.5; p less than 0.004). These findings support impaired absorption of drugs from the gluteus muscle and suggest the deltoid muscle as the favored intramuscular site during labor.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Changes in thalamic nociception resulting from morphine- and meperidine-dependence in rats.

Rats were injected with progressively increasing doses of morphine or meperidine during a period of 3 to 40 days. From this colony of animals individual rats were used at 3- to 4-day intervals for electrophysiologic experiments to analyze the activity of nociceptive neurons in the somesthetic thalamus. After an i.p. injection of chloralose-urethane and the appropriate preparation for a stereotaxic microelectrode penetration of the thalamus, a nociceptive neuron was identified in the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis by its unique spacing of spike potentials emitted in response to pricking the foot with a pin. In addition to the short-latency response that formed a high activity peak on poststimulus time histograms, spikes following the stimulus up to 500 ms also formed activity peaks. Single-pulse stimulation of the sciatic nerve evoked the same response as pinpricks, but innocuous stimuli (pin shielded with a piece of cork) evoked a response without the late activity peaks. Only neurons that exhibited this differential response were regarded as nociceptive. Their response and spontaneous activity were accumulated separately on a digital computer. Following this, naloxone was infused i.v. and the computer accumulations were repeated. It was found that during naloxone-precipitated narcotic withdrawal, innocuous stimuli evoked responses indicative of pain; the nociceptive system was sensitized. Furthermore, a small dose or morphine or meperidine heightened the sensitization. This action of the narcotic agents was reversed by 5-hydroxytryptophan, which assisted the narcotics in suppressing pain in morphine- or meperidine-dependent rats but had no demonstrable effect in control animals. The spontaneous tonic activity of the nociceptive neurons of the somesthetic thalamus was high in rats exhibiting narcotic dependence. Naloxone decreased the count, but not to the value of the control animals. The sensitization of nociception can be explained by a decreased action of a neural pathway that descends from the periaqueductal gray matter via the nucleus raphe magnus to the spinal cord and there blocks the excitation of the spinothalamic tract cells by A-delta and C fibers. The mechanisms that increase the spontaneous activity of the thalamic nociceptive neurons remain unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray subdues sensitized pain in morphine- and meperidine-dependent rats.

Because increased tolerance of narcotics is marked by progressive deactivation of the descending antinociceptive system, a question was raised whether stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) would have any electroanalgetic effect in animals adapted to increasing doses of narcotics. The daily dose of morphine (10 mg/kg) administered to rats was increased on alternate days by 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg/day. To another group, the daily dose of meperidine was increased from 15 mg/kg by 15 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg/day. Electrophysiological experiments were conducted under chloralose and urethane anesthesia 16 h after the last injection of morphine or meperidine. Spike potentials evoked from individual neurons of the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis by single-pulse stimulation of the sciatic nerve were accumulated in poststimulus time histograms. For nociceptive neurons the histograms were characterized by a short-latency activity peak and at least two late (270 and 420 ms) peaks. For non-nociceptive neurons the histograms had no late activity peaks. In control rats, stimulation of the PAG (400 ms at 70/s) prior to each sciatic nerve pulse reorganized the late activity peaks of the nociceptive neurons: a single late peak occurred during the 280 to 400 ms poststimulus interval, indicating suppression of pain by electroanalgesia. In rats adapted to morphine or meperidine, intracarotid infusion of naloxone lowered the nociceptive threshold. Stimulation of the PAG reorganized the late peaks but only if the sciatic nerve stimulation was not increased. At the voltage used to stimulate the sciatic nerve in control animals, two separate late peaks appeared, which were subdued by PAG stimulation after intracarotid infusion of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). These results affirmed previous findings that electroanalgesia is induced by activity in an ascending and a descending pathway, both originating from the PAG. Since the function of the descending pathway is impaired by repeated administration of narcotics, only the pathway ascending to the somesthetic thalamus can be activated to mask pain, unless 5-HTP is injected. The latter renews the functional capacity of the descending pathway and thus reinstates the full capacity of electroanalgesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

An analysis of normeperidine's contribution to the rate-decreasing effects of meperidine.

The effects of normeperidine (1-17.5 mg/kg) alone and in the presence of naloxone (1 and 10 mg/kg) were studied in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 response, fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food presentation. Naloxone only potentiated the rate-decreasing effects of normeperidine. The effects of meperidine also were studied after pretreatment with SKF-525A (25 and 50 mg/kg), an inhibitor of drug metabolism. SKF-525A had no effects on responding when administered alone, but it potentiated the rate-decreasing effects of meperidine. It was concluded that meperidine's rate-decreasing effects cannot be due to normeperidine, the metabolite, but rather that both of these drugs have non-narcotic actions which produce decreases in schedule-controlled responding.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Interaction of diazepam with meperidine or normeperidine on analgesia and lethality.

The effects of meperidine and normeperidine were determined alone and after pretreatment with 10 mg/kg of diazepam on the tail-withdrawal measure of analgesia in rats. Lethal doses of normeperidine were determined alone and in combination with three doses of diazepam, and lethal doses of meperidine were determined along and in combination with 10 mg/kg of diazepam. Diazepam potentiated the analgesic effects of meperidine and increased the dose of normeperidine necessary to produce lethality.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Attenuation of the behavioral effects of meperidine and normeperidine by daily administration of diazepam.

The effects of meperidine, normeperidine, morphine, pentobarbital and d-methadone were determined on the key-pecking behavior of pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio (FR), fixed-interval (FI) schedule of grain presentation. Dose-effect curves were obtained for each drug alone and during daily administration of 10 mg/kg of diazepam. The daily administration of diazepam had little effect on the behavior itself. Meperidine and normeperidine caused dose-related decreases in both FI and FR responding. The dose-effect curves for these drugs during daily administration of diazepam were shifted to the right compared to the dose-effect curves determined in the absence of daily diazepam. In contrast, the effects of morphine, d-methadone and pentobarbital either were not affected by daily administration of diazepam or were shifted to the left by daily administration of diazepam. These data further support the hypothesis that the behavioral effects of meperidine and normeperidine are due to a proconvulsive action produced by these drugs. In contrast, the effects of morphine, d-methadone and pentobarbital are not due to such a proconvulsive action.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Multiple intramuscular injections: a major source of variability in analgesic response to meperidine.

Meperidine (ethidine) blood concentrations following multiple intramuscular injections (100 mg) over 2 days were determined in 10 female patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomies or cholecystectomies. Pain was estimated by subjective bioassay and the relationship between concentration and effect determined. The blood concentration-effect curve was steep with the range from no analgesia to complete analgesia being 0.35--0.45 microgram/ml on day 1 and 0.4--0.5 microgram/ml on day 2. The mean (+/- S.D.) minimum analgesic blood concentration was 0.5 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml (n = 32). Pain control was poor during the first 4-h dosing interval. The first injection post-surgery was also found to be the least representative of all subsequent injections. Blood concentrations fluctuated in phase with dosing interval, but were highly variable. Intra- and inter-patient peak concentrations varied by 2- and 5-fold and times taken to reach the peaks by 3- and 7-fold, respectively. Hence, meperidine blood concentrations were in excess of the minimum analgesic concentration for only about 35% of each of each 4-h dosing interval. Peak concentrations were not consistently correlated with body weight or lean tissue mass. Variable pain control following intermittent intramuscular meperidine injections was shown to be due to inadequate, fluctuating and unpredictable blood concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effects of ethanol and meperidine on auditory evoked potentials.

The effects of ethanol and meperidine on the auditory evoked potential (AEP) to stimuli of different intensities were investigated. Sixteen normal male volunteers received ethanol, 0.8 ml/kg, 100 mg meperidine, and a placebo on different days in a double-blind study. AEPs were recorded from Fz, Cz and Pz electrode placements. The stimuli were 500 msec 1000 Hz tones at 50, 60, 70 and 80 dB sound pressure level presented in a pseudo-random sequence. Meperidine had no significant effect on AEP variables. Ethanol reduced AEP activity between 24 and 250 msec but had no effect on the sustained potential measured between 300 and 450 msec.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Intrathecal morphine during thoracotomy, Part II: Effect on postoperative meperidine requirements and pulmonary function tests.

The ability of intrathecal morphine (ITM) to reduce post-thoracotomy pain and meperidine requirements was investigated. Thirty adult patients scheduled for thoracic surgery were studied. Following induction with thiamylal sodium and succinylcholine, anesthesia was maintained with 100 micrograms of fentanyl, vecuronium, and enflurane. Prior to skin incision, 16 patients received intrathecal morphine, 12 micrograms/kg, injected at the L3-4 or L4-5 level. The other 14 patients were controls. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated for pain scores and the total doses of meperidine required over 24 hours. The patients in the ITM group required significantly less meperidine compared to the control group (59 +/- 68 v 167 +/- 97 mg, respectively) and had lower pain scores (1.4 +/- 1.1 v 2.4 +/- 0.9 mg, respectively). There were no serious side effects attributable to ITM. It is concluded that ITM is an effective adjunctive treatment for control of post-thoracotomy pain.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Butorphanol and meperidine compared in patients with acute ureteral colic.

Pain relief was evaluated in 81 patients with acute ureteral colic and the confirmed presence of a calculus. A randomized double-blind comparison of intramuscular 2 and 4 mg. butorphanol and 80 mg. meperidine was used. Pain intensity and pain relief were evaluated at half hour and hourly intervals for 4 hours. A 2 mg. dose of butorphanol was found to be analgesically equivalent to 80 mg. meperidine, while a 4 mg. dose of butorphanol was found to be more effective than 80 mg. meperidine and 2 mg. butorphanol. Each patient received up to 2 doses of analgesic medication when necessary. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects among treatments. One patient had visual hallucinations after a 2 mg. dose of butorphanol, possibly owing to its antagonistic activity to significant narcotic experience given previously at another hospital. There was no other evidence of toxicity with butorphanol. It was found to be a safe, effective and wall tolerated drug for the treatment of ureteral colic and is recommended in place of narcotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Ketorolac versus meperidine and hydroxyzine in the treatment of acute migraine headache: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of IM ketorolac with that of meperidine and hydroxyzine in the treatment of acute migraine headache. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. SETTING: Urban emergency department with an annual census of 42,000 patients. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven adult patients with migraines enrolled on 50 visits. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive a single injection of either 60 mg ketorolac (group 1) or 100 mg meperidine and 50 mg hydroxyzine (group 2). Pain assessment was made using both visual-analog and verbal descriptor scales. RESULTS: At 60 minutes, 15 patients (60%) from group 1 (25) and 14 patients (56%) from group 2 (25) reported a great deal of complete relief (P = .77) Sixty-minute mean pain relief scores (3.35 versus 3.37) were different (P = .76). Nine patients (36%) from group 1 and seven patients (28%) from group 2 required additional analgesia (P = .76). CONCLUSION: Ketorolac is as effective as meperidine and hydroxyzine for the treatment of acute migraine headache.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Methotrimeprazine versus meperidine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of severe migraine: a randomized, controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of IM administration of methotrimeprazine, a non-narcotic, nonaddicting phenothiazine derivative, with that of a combination of meperidine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of severe migraine. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: University hospital emergency department. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive adult patients with migraine who met eligibility criteria. INTERVENTIONS: Random allocation to receive IM injections of either 37.5 mg methotrimeprazine (Levoprome, Nozinan) or 75 mg meperidine (Demerol) combined with 50 mg dimenhydrinate (Dramamine, Gravol). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The 37 patients in each group who completed the study were similar in all demographic and clinical characteristics. There were no statistical differences in pain intensity one hour after treatment, change in pain intensity, or pain relief as measured on a visual-analog scale; need for additional analgesia; persistence of nausea or vomiting; adverse effects; or follow-up status, except for prolonged drowsiness, in the group receiving methotrimeprazine. CONCLUSION: Methotrimeprazine is comparable to meperidine with dimenhydrinate for treating severe migraine and may be considered an effective, nonaddicting, IM alternative to narcotics for the management of this problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The stability of tetramine, morphine and meperidine in formalin solution.

The stability of tetramine, morphine and meperidine in formalin solution is an important factor for drug analysis in forensic investigation. In this paper, the tissues (liver, kidney, lung and heart) from poisoned rabbits were immersed in 50 ml 10% formalin solutions for 4 months before examination. We compared the levels of tetramine, morphine, meperidine and the main metabolite normeperidine, measured by GC/NPD or GC-MS, in frozen rabbit tissues, formalin-fixed rabbit tissues, and formalin solution. There was a decrease in the levels of tetramine, morphine, meperidine in formalin-preserved tissues compared with the levels of these drugs in the frozen tissues. It is suggested that the formalin-fixed tissues and formalin solution should be analyzed at the same time to assure the accurate results.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Stability of meperidine in an implantable infusion pump using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a deuterated internal standard.

A capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC MS) method is described for the analysis of meperidine using 3,3,5,5-[2H4]-meperidine as an internal standard. Chromatography was performed on a (5% phenyl) methylpolysiloxane column (30 m x 0.32 mm I.D., 0.25 microm film thickness) operated at 195 degrees C; helium carrier gas-50 cm/s(-1), tR = 2.3 min. Ionization was by electron impact (EI) and detection by selected ion monitoring of the molecular ions. The method provided high response linearity (mean r = 0.9982) and precision (< 6.5% C.V.). Application of this method to a pilot study of aqueous meperidine x HCl (10 mg/ml(-1)) stability in a surgically implantable infusion pump at 37 degrees C for 90 days revealed no demonstrable drug degradation.

Analgesics, Opioid↗