Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MONITORING SYSTEMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

High-quality video recording and monitoring system for endoscopes.

We have developed a new recording system for endoscope images with the popular mini digital video (mini DV) camera. A special adaptor screws onto the lens top, and either a flexible or rigid endoscope can be attached to the camera. Using this system, we can monitor not only the endoscopic images but also the patient's condition. Satisfactory images can be obtained even with the finest fiberscope. Nevertheless, our new system costs only USD 1,000. Therefore, the system is both cost-effective and useful for the outpatient clinic or casual setting or for house calls for the purpose of patient education.

Equipment Design↗

Wearable and implantable monitoring systems: 10 years experience at University of Ulster.

Over the past 10 years or more, NIBEC and, more recently, Sensor Technology and Devices Ltd have been at the forefront of developments in sensor-related technologies which underpin a wide range of monitoring systems presently commercialised by leading multinationals. Systems developed/ commercialised include astronaut-monitoring arrays, cardiac mapping harnesses, ECG electrodes, Telemedicine systems and implant sensor arrays. This paper presents the main developments in this area and discusses outstanding issues for future research.

Astronauts↗

Design and implementation of the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study.

The United States Department of Agriculture's National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study was designed to estimate management, health and productivity parameters on pig operations in the United States. Sixteen major swine-producing states that accounted for nearly 91% of June 1, 1995 swine inventory and nearly three-fourths of United States swine producers were included in the study. In the initial phase of the study, National Agricultural Statistics Service enumerators collected information from 1477 producers involved in all phases of swine production (farrowing, nursery, and grower/finisher). Of these, 405 operations with > or = 300 finisher pigs (with at least one finisher pig > or = 54 kg) participated in the subsequent component of the study, which involved on-farm visits by state and federal veterinary medical officers and animal health technicians, and which concentrated on the grower/finisher phase of production. Of those eligible to take part in the second phase of the study, participation was higher among independent producers (48.3%) than among contract producers (15.3%). Participation was also higher among operations that used advanced record-keeping systems (such as record cards for individual breeding hogs or a computer-based record-keeping system). Thus, study results could have been influenced by response biases. As a biosecurity measure, 40.5 +/- 2.1% of operations restricted entry to employees only. For operations that permitted non-employees to enter the premises, relatively few enforced other biosecurity measures on visitors (0.4 +/- 0.1% required feed-delivery personnel and livestock handlers to shower before entering the premises; 3.3+/- 0.9% required a footbath; and 7.0 +/- 1.5% required feed-delivery personnel and livestock handlers not to have visited another operation with pigs on that day). The most common method of waste storage (used by 49.9 +/- 3.8% of operations with > or = 300 finisher pigs) was below-floor slurry or deep pit.

Animal Husbandry↗

Performance of a continuous glucose monitoring system during controlled hypoglycaemia in healthy volunteers.

It has been suggested that the continuous glucose monitoring system may be a useful tool for detecting unrecognised hypoglycaemia, especially at times when finger prick testing is difficult or impossible (e.g., at night). Studies suggest that subcutaneous glucose levels closely mimic blood glucose levels with a lag time of only a few minutes. However, no studies have been published to show how well the sensor performs during sustained or in recovery from hypoglycaemia. This study involved using a hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp (60 mU/m2) in nine healthy volunteers. Each subject had two sensors inserted the day before the study. Blood glucose levels were maintained at euglycaemia for the first 60 min, then decreased to 45 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L) for 60 min, and finally restored to euglycaemia. Blood glucose measurements were compared with interstitial values recorded by the sensor. Sensor profiles showed acceptable agreement with blood glucose levels at each of the three plateaus with a correlation coefficient of 0.79, slope of 0.85, and mean absolute error of 7%. The sensor drop closely matched the drop in blood glucose, but the recovery from hypoglycaemia was delayed by an average of 26 min. Continuous glucose sensing provides a useful means of detecting unrecognised hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes, although the duration of hypoglycaemia may be overestimated.

Adult↗

Evaluation of the superiority of insulin glargine as basal insulin replacement by continuous glucose monitoring system.

To evaluate the superiority of insulin glargine as basal insulin replacement by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Twenty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) whose blood glucose was not well controlled with sulphanylureas were enrolled. At first, they were treated with extended-release glipizide (glucotrol XL) 5mg/d before breakfast for 2 weeks, then randomized to combination treatment with glargine (16 patients) or NPH (8 patients) and treated for 12 weeks. CGMS were carried in the second week after treatment with glucotrol XL, and in the 12th week after combination treatment. The data of CGMS showed: (1) When FPG were well controlled in both groups (glargine group versus NPH group: 6.0+/-1.0 mmol/L versus 5.8+/-1.3 mmol/L), the blood glucose level at 3:00 a.m. (5.1+/-0.9 mmol/L versus 4.2+/-0.8 mmol/L) were higher (P<0.05), TPG< or =3.0 mmol/L at night were lower (2.56+/-1.79 versus 5.88+/-1.96), and the rate of nocturnal hypoglycemia (1/16 versus 4/8) were less (P=0.028) in glargine group than those in NPH group. (2) CGMS showed that the daily blood glucose profile excursion were more smoother in glargine group than those in NPH group. In conclusion, it was confirmed with CGMS that compared with traditionally basal insulin replacement with NPH, the combination treatment with glargine injection at bedtime may be predominant for stabilizing the daily blood glucose profile excursion and decreasing the nocturnal hypoglycemia events incidence. So glargine may be a more ideal basal insulin replacement than NPH.

Blood Glucose↗

Use of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System to guide therapy in patients with insulin-treated diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To show improved glycemic control in patients with insulin-treated diabetes after adjustments to the diabetes management plan based on either continuous glucose monitoring using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) or frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using a home blood glucose meter. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January to September 2000, patients aged 19 to 76 years with insulin-treated diabetes were assigned to insulin therapy adjustments based on either CGMS or SMBG values. At the end of the study, patients in both groups used the CGMS for 3 days; these values were used to calculate measures of hypoglycemia. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc comparisons were used to test differences in hemoglobin A1c levels and hypoglycemia between the 2 study groups. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients were enrolled in the study. Nineteen discontinued study participation, leaving 51 in the CGMS group and 58 in the SMBG group. No significant differences were noted in demographics or baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin A1c levels between the CGMS group and the SMBG group at baseline (9.1% +/- 1.1% vs 9.0% +/- 1.0%, P = .70), and both groups showed statistically significant (P < .001) and similar (P = .95) improvement in hemoglobin A1c levels after 12 weeks of study. However, the CGMS group had a significantly shorter duration of hypoglycemia (sensor glucose, < or = 60 mg/dL) at week 12 of the study (49.4 +/- 40.8 vs 81.0 +/- 61.1 minutes per event, P = .009). CONCLUSION: Use of the CGMS to guide therapy adjustments in patients with insulin-treated diabetes reduces the duration of hypoglycemia compared with therapy adjustments guided by SMBG values alone.

Adult↗

[Quantitative analysis of background activity using ambulatory EEG monitoring system].

We studied a possibility of the quantitative analysis of background activities using ambulatory EEG monitoring system (AEEG). (1) This recorder system had a stable frequency characteristics from 1.0 Hz to 20 Hz, in which range the background activities on EEG were organized, and also had a good lineality of amplitude until 150 microV. Therefore, this system had no hindrance in quantitative analysis of EEG background activities. (2) We selected the method of continuous spectrum array (CSA) to analyse the records using AEEG. The CSAs at awakening, light sleep and deep sleep respectively revealed the characteristic patterns of spectrum. And, in the long-term examination of CSA during sleep, the dynamic alternation of spectrum was well recognized depending on the change of sleep stages. This method was useful to the evaluation of sleep cycle as well as the judgement of consciousness level. The AGGE has many advantages compared with the other long-term EEG systems. Major advantages are as follows: 1) The patient can move freely with this equipment. 2) A whole day's record can be stored on a cassette. 3) The operative technique is easy. The clinical and research application of AEEG may be more expanded to combine with the various computer analysing methods.

Electrocardiography, Ambulatory↗

Evaluation of a new blood glucose monitoring system with auto-calibration.

BACKGROUND: The Ascensia CONTOUR System (Bayer HealthCare LLC, Elkhart, IN) is a new blood glucose (BG) monitoring system (BGMS) that uses glucose dehydrogenase chemistry and that combines low sample volume, fast response time, an auto-control marking feature, and an auto-calibration function in a small package. METHODS: The system was evaluated at four diabetes clinics with ambulatory subjects who had diabetes. The BGMS was tested by both health care professionals (HCPs) and lay users. It was also evaluated at high altitude (10,200 feet) and, in conjunction with the Ascensia MICROLET VACULANCE (Bayer), for use with samples obtained from four alternative anatomical sites. RESULTS: When the system was used with blood from fingersticks, both lay users and HCPs obtained results that fulfilled the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2003 accuracy criteria, which advocate that 95% of BG measurements should fall within +/-15 mg/dL (for BG concentrations <75 mg/dL) or +/-20% (for BG concentrations > or = 75 mg/dL) of the laboratory value. Lay users obtained 96.9% of glucose results, and HCPs obtained 96.4% of glucose results, within ISO accuracy criteria. People with diabetes who had no prior experience using the system also obtained acceptable results (97.0%), as did the HCP using fingerstick samples from subjects in the high altitude study (97.0%). Among the alternative anatomical sites tested, only the results from the palm met the ISO criteria (97.5%), although the results from all four sites (palm, thigh, abdomen, and forearm) were clinically acceptable when assessed using error grid analysis. Most subjects rated the BGMS as either excellent or very good in a questionnaire, and were able to use it properly without training. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the Ascensia CONTOUR System, which does not require calibration by the user, is a convenient and accurate instrument with useful features for people who routinely monitor BG.

Adolescent↗

Evaluation of a new blood glucose monitoring system with auto-calibration for home and hospital bedside use.

A new self-calibrating blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) was evaluated in a series of clinical studies with both ambulatory subjects and with hospitalized patients. The new BGMS requires a 0.6microL sample volume, provides results in 15s, and uses a glucose dehydrogenase chemistry that is oxygen independent. In the first study, Ascensia Contour meters calibrated to whole blood were tested by health care professionals (HCP) and lay users at two clinical sites. Both HCPs and lay users obtained results that fulfilled the ISO 15197:2003 criteria that 95% of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) measurements should fall within +/-20% (for blood glucose (BG) concentrations> or =4.2mmol/L or +/-0.83mmol/L for BG concentrations<4.2mmol/L) of the laboratory value. Lay users and HCPs obtained 97.2 and 96.7% of glucose results within ISO criteria, respectively. In a second study, HCPs assayed blood samples from patients at the hospital bedside using meters calibrated to give whole blood glucose and meters calibrated to give plasma glucose results. Overall, 94.7% of the measurements met the ISO 15197:2003 criteria. Most lay subjects rated the BGMS as either excellent or very good in a questionnaire, and were able to use it properly without training. These findings indicate that this new BGMS is a convenient and accurate instrument system suitable for both hospital bedside use by HCPs and for SMBG by people who routinely monitor their blood glucose.

Blood Glucose↗

Performance of a computerized CCU arrhythmia monitor system.

Experience gained during clinical trials at Johns Hopkins University Hospital has led to refinements in a commercial arrhythmia monitoring system. The performance capabilities and limitations are described for normal Coronary Care Unit use. The system evaluation spanned a time period of over 16 months and included 3,176 monitored patient days. The majority of both false and true arrhythmia alarms was found to be produced by two small, statistically independent segments of the patient population.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

Monitoring system for the totally implantable ventricular assist system by use of sensors for virtual reality.

For the development of the totally implantable artificial organs, it is an important problem to monitor the conditions of the implantable devices, especially when used in clinical cases. In this study we used position sensors for the 3-dimensional (3-D) virtual reality (VR) system monitor an implantable artificial heart. The sensors used in the experiments were 3-space Fastrak (Polhemus, USA). The position sensors using electro-magnetic forces were attached to the inner actuating zone. Sensitivity of the position sensors was in the order of around 0.8 mm. By use of these VR position sensors, we could easily detect the six degrees of freedom as x,y,z, and pitch, yaw, roll of these sensors. Experimental evaluation using a model circulation loop and healthy adult goats was performed. Experimental results suggest that our newly developed implantable sensors for monitoring the implantable artificial heart system were useful for sensing driving condition, thus possibly useful for the implantable devices for clinical usage.

Animals↗

An automated monitoring system for VOC ozone precursors in ambient air: development, implementation and data analysis.

An automated system for the monitoring of volatile organic compound (VOC) ozone precursors in ambient air is described. The measuring technique consists of subambient preconcentration on a cooled trap followed by thermal desorption and GC/FID analysis. First, the technical development, which permits detection limits below 0.05 ppbv to be reached, proceeded in two steps: (1). the determination of optimum sampling parameters (trap composition and conditioning, outlet split, desorption temperature); (2). the development of a reliable calibration method based on a highly accurate standard. Then, a 4-year field application of the hourly measuring chain was carried out at two urban sites. On the one hand, quality control procedures provided the best VOC identification (peak assignment) and quantification (reproducibility, blank system control). On the other hand, the success and performances of the routine experience (88% of the measurements covered more than 40 target compounds) indicated the high quality and suitability of the instrumentation which is actually applied in several French air quality monitoring networks. Finally, an example of data analysis is presented. Data handling identified important organic compound sources other than vehicle exhaust.

Journal Article↗

An abattoir monitoring system for diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Baja California, Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To implement a disease monitoring system in federal, municipal, and private abattoirs in Baja California, Mexico and to estimate annual prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in beef and dairy cattle slaughtered and inspected in 1995 and 1996. DESIGN: Epidemiologic survey. ANIMALS: About 200,000 cattle (95% beef, 5% dairy). PROCEDURES: Lymph node and tissue specimens with lesions suggestive of TB were fixed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with H&E and Ziehl-Neelsen and examined for typical tuberculous lesions and acid-fast bacilli. Annual prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: Prevalence of TB in all slaughtered cattle was 0.12 and 0.46% in 1995 and 1996, respectively (beef cattle, 0.02 and 0.05%, respectively; dairy cattle, 2.0 and 8.3%, respectively). Tuberculosis cases/1,000 slaughtered cattle were linearly associated with monthly volumes of tissue submissions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is critical to quantify the monitoring activity at abattoirs to better estimate the prevalence of TB in slaughtered cattle. Annual prevalence of TB was significantly greater in dairy cattle than in beef cattle. Veterinarians and cattle producers in this region are encouraged to develop and work on herd plans aimed at controlling and eradicating TB.

Abattoirs↗

A hospital medication monitoring system.

Hospitals need to process large quantities of scattered information to properly screen medication orders. The data includes complex relationships involving drugs, diseases, and other drugs that determine whether a particular drug is contraindicated for a patient. Hospitals would therefore benefit from a flexible system for storing complex medical data relationships. We have used GPLAN, a CODASYL-like data management system, to construct a functioning model of a hospital pharmacy medication monitoring system. the patients' histories, drug-drug contraindications, disease-drug contraindications, and recommended dosages are stored in the data base in a network structure defined by the Data Description Language. Each drug order is checked for dose, allergies, current diseases, and current medications.

Computers↗

Radionuclide cardiac monitoring system using dual cadmium telluride (CdTe) detectors: specification and some clinical applications.

The construction, physical characteristics, software and some clinical applications of a computerized dual cadmium telluride (CdTe) detectors system for continuous cardiac monitoring are described. The detectors and collimators are small, light and convenient for attachment to the chest wall. Data can be collected at 0.05 s intervals and for up to 3 h. Clinical studies in 33 patients using a prototype system demonstrated reasonably good correlation with left ventricular ejection fractions determined by a scintillation camera-computer system (r = 0.928). The application of this system to continuous monitoring of left ventricular function during exercise or drug stimulations has been found to be clinically useful.

Adult↗

Issues concerning Mexican cattle on feedlots in the United States as reported in the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1994-1995 Cattle on Feed Evaluation.

Producers participating in the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1994-1995 Cattle on Feed Evaluation provided information on cattle of Mexican origin in their feedlot operations. Cattle of Mexican origin accounted for 8.1% of cattle placed on United States feedlots from 1 July 1993 through 30 June 1994. Of operations with a one-time capacity of 1000 or more cattle, 12.8% placed cattle of Mexican origin on their feedlots over this time frame. Very few operations (about 1%) reported cattle of Mexican origin at the same time as cattle to be used for breeding in the United States.

Animal Feed↗

Blood volume measurements using an integrated fiberoptic monitoring system in a porcine septic shock model.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of an integrated fiberoptic monitoring system using transpulmonary thermo-dye dilution technique to measure blood volume (BV) with standard method using chromium-51-tagged erythrocytes in septic shock. DESIGN: Prospective blinded animal laboratory study. SETTING: University department of anesthesiology. SUBJECTS: Thirty-five anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs (21.4 +/- 2.2 kg) were investigated over a period of 6 hrs. INTERVENTIONS: Septic shock was induced with fecal peritonitis (0.75 g . kg per body weight autologous feces). A central venous catheter was used for injection of the indicator dyes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: BV was measured by detecting indocyanine green using a 4-Fr aortic catheter with an integrated fiberoptic and thermistor connected to a computer system for calculation of transpulmonary indicator dilution BV (BVTPID). Cr-tagged erythrocytes were used as standard method of BV measurement (BV-Cr). Hemodynamic treatment scheme was aimed at maintenance of a central venous pressure of 12 mm Hg. Data were analyzed using Bland-Altman analyses. One hundred and five data pairs of simultaneous BV measurements were yielded during hemodynamic stability with a mean BVTPID of 64.2 +/- 17.8 mL . kg. Mean BV-Cr was 83.1 +/- 17.0 mL . kg. Linear regression equation was BVTPID = 0.58 x BV-Cr + 15.8 (r = .56, p < .01). Mean bias was 18.9 mL . kg (95% confidence interval, 15.7-22.1 mL . kg), with limits of agreement of -13.9 to 51.7 mL . kg. CONCLUSIONS: Transpulmonary indicator dilution for blood volume measurement agrees moderately with standard method using Cr-tagged erythrocytes in porcine septic shock.

Animals↗