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PubMed1980

Natural focus of microsporosis caused by Microsporum canis Bodin.

The authors discovered a natural focus of microsporosis caused by the dermatophyte Microsporum canis Bodin. An adult man and four children were afflicted by this dermatophytosis. Symptomatic and inapparent forms of the disease in the focus were also detected in several cats and dogs. Homeless cats were found to be the source of the causative agent and its permanent hosts. A chainlike transmission from these cats was triggered to home-kept cats and dogs and to family members of their owners. Both, the clinical picture of the disease and characteristics of the strains isolated corresponds with the published data. The authors summed up the evidence collected to date on the epidemiology of microsporoses caused by M. canis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Calcium induced alterations in structural and functional role of phospholipids in Microsporum gypseum.

The effect of calcium on the structural and functional aspects of phospholipids in Microsporum gypseum was examined. Cells grown in presence of calcium exhibited increased content of phospholipids and enhanced synthesis of phospholipids as monitored by the incorporation of [32P] orthophosphoric acid. The rise in the levels of phospholipids was found to be due to increased synthesis of fatty acids as observed from [14C] acetate incorporation studies. The rise in the levels of phospholipids were reflected in the subcellular fractions also. Change in the phospholipid composition increased the fluidity of the membrane as is evident from fluorescence polarization studies using 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). The increased membrane fluidity was consistent with the enhanced uptake of [3H] proline in calcium grown cells.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental immunity to Microsporum canis and cross reactions with other dermatophytes of veterinary importance.

An inactivated, broad-spectrum dermatophyte vaccine was used to produce an active immunity in guinea-pigs against Microsporum canis. None of the vaccinates developed infection from a contact exposure challenge that produced clinical infections in 70% of the unvaccinated controls. Infection with M. canis induced antibody titres (ELISA) and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) reactions to itself as well as cross-reacting titres to Trichophyton equinum and T. mentagrophytes and DCH reactions to T. mentagrophytes; however vaccinated animals developed significantly higher antibody titres and DCH responses to all of these antigens than did non-vaccinated animals which had been infected or exposed. Rabbits hyperimmunized with culture filtrate antigens to single dermatophyte agents (M. canis, M. gypseum, T. equinum, and T. mentagrophytes) developed positive inter-species and inter-generic DCH cross-reactions to a battery of six skin test antigens (M. canis, M. gypseum, M. equinum, T. equinum, T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum). Guinea-pigs vaccinated with a T. equinum vaccine had increased resistance to M. canis infection than did non-vaccinated controls. These findings support clinical observations which suggest establishment of a broad-based immunity in animals following infection with a single dermatophyte.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental Microsporum canis infection in cats: correlation between immunological and clinical observations.

Microsporum canis infection was induced in five of six adult cats by the application of mycelium to shaved and mildly abraided skin. The clinical course of the disease was monitored over 16 weeks by physical examination and Wood's lamp illumination. The incubation period (time from inoculation to first appearance of infected hairs) varied between 8 and 13 days and was followed by a progressive phase of slow peripheral expansion of lesions accompanied by scaling, alopecia and skin thickening that lasted for approximately 2 weeks. In four of the five cats the lesions then remained stable for between 1 and 6 weeks before regression occurred, with clinical resolution evident in these cats by 11-14 weeks post-infection. In one cat disease was more prolonged, with regression only beginning at the end of the study, and this cat also developed a satellite lesion. Immunological responses during infection were monitored every 2 weeks and consisted of ELISA to measure serum M. canis-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibody concentrations, M. canis antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation assay, and mitogen-induced (ConA) lymphocyte proliferation assay. In all three immunoglobulin classes evaluated, a significant (P < or = 0.020) rise in antibody concentration was seen in response to infection, and occurred earliest with the IgM class (2 weeks post-infection). Overall, a heterogeneous antibody response was found, and changes in antibody concentration showed no clear temporal relationship to recovery from disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Spread of a Microsporum canis infection in an agricultural facility (case description)].

In a combined pig production and fattening unit the weaned piglets on the flatdecks and some young fattening pigs were suffering from a Microsporum canis-infection. Besides the pigs the children of the farmer showed skin alterations. The infection was spread probably by the cats, which had access to the houses for sows and for sows with piglets. In cases of uncertain skin alterations, a mycologic etiology should be considered.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Effect of ketoconazole on potassium pool, c-AMP-release and ergosterol synthesis in resistant mutants of Microsporum gypseum.

The effect of ketoconazole (KK) on chosen biochemical indexes was studied in three mutants of dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum (MG-155 wild strain) resistant to KK. Fungistatic concentration of KK added to liquid cultivate medium increases significantly ergosterol pool and nonsignificantly demethylation activity, potassium content, cAMP release in three days old mycelium of mutants when compared to the cultivation without KK. On the contrary, there is a significant suppression of ergosterol level and demethylation activity followed by highly significant increasing of potassium content and cAMP release in the case of wild strain MG-155.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1994

[Microsporum langeronii dermatophytosis in a newborn infant contaminated in France].

Dermatophytosis due to Microsporum langeronii was observed in a 21-day neonate born in Bordeaux, France to a mother of West African origin. A typical misleading manifestations were: non alopecic squamation of the scalp with seborrhoea associated with circineous vesiculo-squamous lesions of the forehead. The source of the contamination was undoubtedly the mother who presented squamation without alopecia of the scalp. M. langeronii were observed in the scales and the hair. Epidemiological search for tinea should be carried out in the family as well as in schools attended by the brothers and sisters. Familial contamination is more frequent.

Dermatomycoses↗
PubMed1993

Microsporum canis scalp ringworm: its primary or secondary ectothrix character.

This study supports the view that, in cases of tinea capitis due to a Microsporum canis infection, ectothrix arthroconidium formation is extrapilary and arises from intrapilary hyphae. The hyphae of M. canis perforate and digest the hair cuticle to alter its appearance from a normally identifiable structure of imbricated cells with a distal free border, to a grossly altered and pathological layer. Conidium production mainly takes place outside the hair shaft and forms thick clusters between the cuticular tiles. Finally, a shaft of conidia is formed around the hair. The cuticular covering of such a conidium sheath belongs to the root sheath of the hair follicle, and not to the hair structure proper.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Influence of cyclic AMP on the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in Microsporum gypseum.

The influence of intracellular cAMP on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Microsporum gypseum has been examined using radiolabelled precursors. The incorporation of labelled choline, methionine and ethanolamine into total lipids, phospholipids and choline containing phospholipids increased in aminophylline and decreased in atropine grown cells as a result of rise and fall in cAMP levels in these cells. The enhanced uptake of labelled methionine and ethanolamine in comparison to labelled choline in choline containing phospholipids in aminophylline grown cells suggests that methylation pathway is more influenced by cAMP than CDP-choline pathway.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1993

[Uncommon caseous maxillary sinusitis of dental origin caused by Microsporum canis].

The authors report an uncommon case of maxillary sinusitis due to Microsporum canis. To their knowledge this is the first observation in which a zoophilic dermatophytic fungus which grows usually on keratin has been isolated in a dental maxillary sinusitis in human. This observation makes it possible to discuss nosologic and diagnostic features of dental caseous sinusitis and fungal sinusitis which are often or too often called aspergillosis sinusitis.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1993

Further studies on the influence of aminophylline on lipids of Microsporum gypseum.

Aminophylline added to the growth medium of Microsporum gypseum for varying periods exhibited varied effects on lipid synthesis. A decreased incorporation of [14C]acetate into both lipids and phospholipids was initially observed which showed increase after 24 hr of incubation. Short-time exposure of aminophylline also resulted in decreased activity of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, the key enzyme of lipid synthesis, which, however, got stimulated on longer incubation, supporting the decreased/increased synthesis of lipids during short/long time exposure. Changes in the intracellular levels of cAMP at different time points account for the induced alterations in lipid synthesis, possibly due to formation of metabolites of aminophylline during growth of the organism.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1993

The ringworm riddle: an outbreak of Microsporum canis in the nursery.

Tinea capitis, the most common fungal infection in children, is rare in neonates. We report six patients in a Level II intermediate care nursery who developed nosocomial dermatophyte infections caused by Microsporum canis. The investigation, which led to the identification of a nurse as the common source, is described. The nurse had an indolent infection with M. canis. Human to human transmission is exceedingly rare for M. canis. The literature regarding neonatal dermatophyte infections is discussed in relation to the reported outbreak.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1993

Humoral and cellular immune responses to Microsporum canis in naturally occurring feline dermatophytosis.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from cattery cats which were culture positive for Microsporum canis, or from cats which had recovered from M. canis infection, showed a significantly greater mean in vitro blastogenic response to M. canis antigen than lymphocytes from uninfected cats. Mean lymphocyte reactivity to concanavalin A was higher in cats which had recovered from infection than in either culture positive or uninfected cats, whereas reactivity to phytohemagglutinin was highest in the culture positive group. Antibody (both IgG and IgM) against dermatophyte glycoprotein antigen was detectable in the plasma of all cats, but was present in significantly higher titres in the culture positive group. Our results demonstrate that M. canis infected cats mount strong humoral and cellular immune responses to the organism; these responses can be detected by use of anti-dermatophyte antibody quantitation and lymphocyte blastogenesis assays, as has been reported previously for dermatophytosis in other species. Asymptomatic, culture positive cats were found in only three of seven catteries and were genetically related, raising the possibility of genetic predisposition to persisting asymptomatic infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Atypical infection caused by Microsporum gypseum mimicking circumscribed scleroderma].

The authors describe a case of a 31 year old woman who suffered from sclerodermia circumscripta on her right leg. The diagnosis was histopathologically verified. Capillaroscopy and respiratory obstruction were positive. A new lesion appeared on the right arm thus imitating morphea. However, by means of mycological examinations Microsporum gypseum infection was recognized. (Fig. 3, Ref. 13.).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Microsporum canis tinea ciliaris and blepharitis].

INTRODUCTION: The involvement of eyelashes and eyelids by dermatophytes is unfrequent. CASE REPORT: We describe such a case in a 48 year old woman, who presented with unilateral blepharitis, resistant to topical treatments with antiseptics, antibiotics and corticosteroids. Diagnosis was suspected by magnifying lens and Wood's light examination; Microsporum canis was isolated from broken eyelashes and scales of annular lesions of eyelids. CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the interest of mycological examination of eyelashes and eyelids in front of a persisting unilateral blepharitis.

Blepharitis↗
PubMed1996

Proximal subungual onychomycosis due to Microsporum canis.

A case of proximal subungual onychomycosis due to Microsporum canis in a 36-year-old woman is presented. The onychomycosis involved the left thumb and the little fingernails, with thinning of the nail plate and crumbling of the nail plate surface. A milky-white discoloration of the proximal portion of the left thumbnail was also evident. A 2-mm longitudinal nail biopsy showed a large number of fungal elements in the whole length of the nail plate. Fungal hyphae were more numerous in the ventral nail plate and produced detachment of the superficial nail plate. The nail bed was not invaded by fungal elements and was devoid of inflammatory changes. Proximal subungual onychomycosis is uncommon in immunocompetent individuals but has frequently been described in patients with AIDS. In our patient, in whom the proximal subungual onychomycosis was due to M. canis, there were no clinical or biochemical signs of immunodeficiency. Oral treatment with terbinafine, 250 mg/daily for 2 months, produced clinical and mycological cure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple proteinases from two Microsporum species.

Enzyme expression of 67 isolates of two Microsporum species, M. canis and M. cookei, were compared in both shake and stationary cultures using substrate copolymerized SDS-PAGE. Most M. canis isolates expressed more proteolytic bands in shake culture, while M. cookei isolates expressed more in stationary culture. M. canis isolates expressed up to six proteinases of different relative mobilities (122, 64, 62, 45, 31 and 25 kDa). M. cookei expressed up to seven proteinases in stationary culture (67, 66, 64, 62, 45, 42 and 39 kDa). Those of 67 and 66 kDa were not expressed in shake culture. The proteinases expressed by M. cookei were similar to those expressed by M. canis except for 122 and 25 kDa. With the exception of isolates from non-infected cats, 25 kDa was also commonly expressed by isolates from infected hosts in the shake culture treatment. The differences in enzyme expression obtained may reflect differences in the contrasting ecological roles of the two species.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Paradoxical response to itraconazole treatment in a patient with onychomycosis caused by Microsporum gypseum.

A Columbian patient presented with a rare type of onychomycosis caused by Microsporum gypseum. Oral treatment with itraconazole formulation (Funazol) available in Columbia failed to improve the nail alteration. The fungitoxic effect of itraconazole was assessed on the M. gypseum strain cultured from the nail of the patient by using the method of culture of fungi on cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings (CSSS). In addition, a comparative evaluation of the oral bioavailability of itraconazole was made in volunteers after intake of Funazol and Sporanox. In the ex vivo bioassay on CSSS, topical itraconazole proved to be highly active against M. gypseum. After oral intake, however, the itraconazole bioavailability of Funazol relative to Sporanox averaged only 3.5%. Antifungal pulse therapy with Sporanox, 400 mg daily for 1 week per month for 4 months, cured the patient. This study shows that itraconazole is hardly or not absorbed from the oral formulation Funazol. Both the oral bioavailability and consequently therapeutic efficacy of the genuine drug (Sporanox) are highly superior.

Administration, Oral↗