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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Characterisation and molecular typing of Burkholderia pseudomallei: are disease presentations of melioidosis clonally related?

Eighteen cases of culture positive melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, were seen in four geographically separate communities in North Queensland, Australia. The genetic inter-relatedness of the clinical isolates were compared utilising random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). The isolates segregated into two groups that correlated with clinical presentation rather than geographical location. This is the first described association between the varied clinical presentations of this condition and specific molecular type. If proven on larger studies, this may further our understanding of the pathogenesis of this important condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Melioidosis in wallabies.

This paper records 2 fatal cases of melioidosis in wallabies from Australia maintained in the Botanical Gardens, Penang, for about 3 months. The nature of lesions described is different from that described by various workers.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Melioidosis in a galah (Cacatua roseicapilla).

A second case of a natural infection of melioidosis in a native bird is described. Pseudomonas pseudomallei was isolated in pure culture from the liver, spleen and intestinal contents of a galah (Cacatua roseicapilla). The case was characterised by focal granuloma formation, often associated with necrosis, in the brain, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Chronic melioidosis: a report of the first case in Japan.

A 41-year-old Japanese male with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver dysfunction developed melioidosis after his business trip to Indonesia and Singapore in 1988. His disease started with spiked fever on the following day after extraction of a tooth, and a liver abscess developed, followed by abscesses in the spleen and in the subphrenic space. In spite of splenectomy and intensive antimicrobial treatments for three months, he developed parotitis, prostatitis, and abscess of the right submandibular gland at 5 to 16-month interval. Pseudomonas pseudomallei was isolated from the blood and pus from each abscess. The lung was not involved. At present, he has returned to work, with continued intravenous instillation of imipenem/cilastatin.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Rapid immunofluorescence microscopy for diagnosis of melioidosis.

An immunofluorescent (IF) method that detects Burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical specimens within 10 min was devised. The results of this rapid method and those of an existing IF method were prospectively compared with the culture results for 776 specimens from patients with suspected melioidosis. The sensitivities of both IF tests were 66%, and the specificities were 99.5 and 99.4%, respectively.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2006

Accuracy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude and purified antigens for serodiagnosis of melioidosis.

Five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays developed to detect antibodies to different Burkholderia pseudomallei antigen preparations were evaluated as diagnostic tests for melioidosis in northeast Thailand. The highest diagnostic indices were observed for an affinity-purified antigen (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 72%) and crude B. pseudomallei antigen (sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 70%), an improvement over the indirect hemagglutination assay (sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 64%).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Biodefense-driven murine model of pneumonic melioidosis.

A whole-body mouse model of pneumonic melioidosis was established for future evaluation of biodefense vaccine candidates. The aerosol 50% lethal doses of Burkholderia pseudomallei strain 1026b for BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and the times to death, dissemination in organs, and tissue loads after exposure of the mice to low- and high-dose aerosols are reported. In addition, rpsL mutant backgrounds were attenuated in this acute model of disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Global map of growth-regulated gene expression in Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis.

Many microbial pathogens express specific virulence traits at distinct growth phases. To understand the molecular pathways linking bacterial growth to pathogenicity, we have characterized the growth transcriptome of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. Using a fine-scale sampling approach, we found approximately 17% of all B. pseudomallei genes displaying regulated expression during growth in rich medium, occurring as broad waves of functionally coherent gene expression tightly associated with distinct growth phases and transition points. We observed regulation of virulence genes across all growth phases and identified serC as a potentially new virulence factor by virtue of its coexpression with other early-phase virulence genes. serC-disrupted B. pseudomallei strains were serine auxotrophs and in mouse infection assays exhibited a dramatic attenuation of virulence compared to wild-type B. pseudomallei. Immunization of mice with serC-disrupted B. pseudomallei also conferred protection against subsequent challenges with different wild-type B. pseudomallei strains. At a genomic level, early-phase genes were preferentially localized on chromosome 1, while stationary-phase genes were significantly biased towards chromosome 2. We detected a significant level of chromosomally clustered gene expression, allowing us to predict approximately 100 potential operons in the B. pseudomallei genome. We computationally and experimentally validated these operons by showing that genes in these regions are preferentially transcribed in the same 5'-->3' direction, possess significantly shorter intergenic lengths than the overall genome, and are expressed as a common mRNA transcript. The availability of this transcriptome map provides an important resource for understanding the transcriptional architecture of B. pseudomallei.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a new commercially available immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of melioidosis infection.

An immunochromatographic test for the rapid determination of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei was evaluated by using sera from bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients and high-risk and clinically suspected patients, along with disease control groups. The sensitivities were 100 and 93% for the IgG and IgM tests, respectively, while the specificity was 95% for both assays. The test was rapid and simple to perform, with results obtained in 10 min.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2005

Cutaneous melioidosis in a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II.

Melioidosis, an infection caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Human infection is acquired through contact with contaminated water via percutaneous inoculation. Clinical manifestations range from skin and soft tissue infection to pneumonia with sepsis. We report a case of a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II who presented with a nonhealing ulcer on his right hand 62 years after the initial exposure.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary melioidosis: clinical-radiologic correlation in 183 cases in northeastern Thailand.

The chest radiographs of 183 patients with pulmonary melioidosis seen over a 4-year period were evaluated retrospectively. Disseminated nodular lesions occurred in 46 of 55 patients (84%) with the acute septicemic form of the disease and in 17 of 31 (55%) with the subacute or chronic form and positive blood cultures. Alveolar lesions occurred in 26 of 50 patients (52%) with the acute pneumonic form. There was no typical pattern of pulmonary infiltrates in 16 patients with the subacute pneumonic form, but in the chronic form, 17 of 31 patients (55%) had mixed infiltrates with cavities. The lesions were confluent in the upper lobes but tended to spare the apices in nonsepticemic cases. Rapid progression and early cavitation are distinctive features in acute cases, but in chronic cases the lesions may remain unchanged up to 20 months. Pleural effusion or empyema was seen in 22 of 105 patients (21%) with acute disease and four of 31 (13%) with chronic disease. Six of 105 patients (6%) with acute disease and three of 31 (10%) with subacute or chronic disease and positive blood cultures had pericardial involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Renal failure in melioidosis.

In a restrospective study of 220 patients with melioidosis admitted to the hospital over a period of 3.5 years, acute renal failure was noted in 77 patients. Interesting clinical features included hypercatabolism, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, jaundice and multisystem involvement. Prognosis was poor especially when associated with jaundice, lung involvement and the presence of underlying diseases. Mortality rate was 89.6%. Renal failure is believed to the due to renal ischemia from multiple nonspecific factors. In a limited pathological study renal changes consisted of tubular necrosis, microabscesses, interstitial nephritis and mild tubular degeneration.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

A case of melioidosis originating in North America.

A case of melioidosis is described in a patient from Mexico. The cases that have been previously reported to originate in the western hemisphere are critically reviewed. The clinician must be aware of this rare disease because its treatment is quite different from that of other gram-negative infections.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Melioidosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in patients from endemic areas.

Serious infection is a common problem in immunosuppressed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Melioidosis is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei and may present as an acute fulminant pneumonia or septicaemia that is often fatal. The organism is endemic in much of South-east Asia but is being increasingly reported from other parts of the world, including India, Northern Australia and North and South America. In addition to occurring in people who come into contact with contaminated soil or water in endemic areas, the infection is more common in immunosuppressed patients and must be recognised early and treated with appropriate antibiotics. Importantly, it can activate many years after the initial exposure, causing diagnostic confusion. We present the cases of three patients with SLE who were admitted with fever and in whom Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from blood cultures. Following treatment with intravenous ceftazidime all patients made a good recovery. These cases demonstrate the importance of considering this infectious organism in patients from endemic areas with unexplained fever. They also illustrate how successful outcomes can be achieved in a frequently fatal disease if an early diagnosis is made and appropriate antibiotics are started promptly.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2004

Melioidosis in a traveller from Thailand: case report.

A 42-year old Italian male with type 2 diabetes and HCV-related chronic hepatitis spent 6 months in Thailand. After his return in June 2002 he was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit of the Hospital of Livorno (Italy) because of fever, chest pain and skin abscesses in the legs. Chest X-rays and CT scan revealed multiple bilateral cavitary lesions in the lungs. Ultrasonography and CT scan showed numerous subcentimetric spleen abscesses. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from the cutaneous lesions and sputum and thus melioidosis was diagnosed. A 6-week course of i.v. ceftazidime plus oral doxycycline was given during the acute phase of the illness. The in vitro susceptibility testing showed that long-term (20 weeks) antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline and moxifloxacin was required. Complete resolution of pulmonary and spleen lesions was obtained within 6 weeks of therapy and of cutaneous abscesses in 10 weeks. No significant side effects were noted during the follow-up period using this scheme of antimicrobial therapy.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Melioidosis pneumonia and blast injury.

We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with acute septicemic melioidosis resulting from inhaled infective dust during a blast injury. With appropriate antibiotic treatment and supportive therapy in the ICU, the patient made an uneventful recovery.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1976

Melioidosis complicated by pericarditis.

A case of acute and recrudescent melioidosis complicated by pericarditis and pericardial effusion is described. The potential for the appearance of future cases in the United States and the necessity for physicians to remain aware of this potential diagnosis are discussed.

Adult↗