Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MALNUTRITION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Malnutrition and iron deficiency in lactating women in urban slum communities from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the status of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and malnutrition in lactating women. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Six urban slum communities in Teklehaimanot district, Addis Ababa. SUBJECTS: One thousand and seventeen lactating women were enrolled and assessed for their haemoglobin (Hgb), serum ferritin level and body mass index (BMI) during the month of March 2001. Iron deficiency anaemia was considered when Hgb and serum ferritin concentrations were less than 12gm/dl and 12 microg/l respectively, whereas, a BMI less than 18.5% kg/m2 was considered malnourished. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Determinations of haemoglobin, serum ferritin and BMI measurements. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and protein energy malnutrition in the slum communities was 22.3% and 27.1% respectively. The mean age of mothers (28.4 +/- 6.12 years) indicates that prevalence of malnutrition and iron deficiency anaemia was higher among younger mothers than among older mothers. The prevalence of malnutrition was positively correlated with the serum ferritin concentration status, of the mothers (r=0.12, p=0.2, RR=1.03). CONCLUSION: It is observed that malnutrition and IDA are major health problems and therefore, an appropriate nutrition intervention package to improve the nutrition situation of the communities is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cytochemical & ultrastructural alteration of cytoplasmic granules of rat peripheral blood neutrophils induced by chronic alcoholism & malnutrition.

The specific influence of malnutrition on the pathophysiologic changes induced by chronic alcoholism is controversial. In an attempt to determine and demarcate the effects of protein malnutrition from those produced by alcoholism and to evaluate the precise effect of alcohol per se on cytochemical and ultrastructural properties of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) granules, we investigated the influence of chronic protein malnutrition or chronic alcoholism alone and in combination, in rats. After a 4 month experimental period various PMN properties, such as cytochemical, morphometrical and ultrastructural, as well as neutrophil functions were studied. It was found that the degree of damage of PMNs induced either by ethanol or protein malnutrition alone was similar whereas their combination led to worsening of all markers of PMN functional ability. Ultrastructural changes of neutrophil granules including reduction, redistribution and atypical accumulation as well as appearance of autophagic vacuoles, confirmed their alteration which was emphasised by the additive pathophysiological interaction of alcoholism and chronic hypoprotein malnutrition.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

Management of malnutrition in the elderly and the appropriate use of commercially manufactured oral nutritional supplements.

The risk of protein calorie malnutrition among the community dwelling elderly is high. If undetected or untreated malnutrition can raise risks of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, improving screening, assessment and treatment of malnutrition, particularly in ambulatory settings that serve the elderly is imperative. The aim of this paper is to briefly detail the diagnostic criteria for protein calorie malnutrition and discuss the special considerations necessary in evaluating risk and causes of malnutrition in the elderly. We conclude with a review of current management options and discuss the cost effectiveness and potential inappropriate use of commercially manufactured oral nutritional supplements.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Diarrhoea and malnutrition interaction.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a marked negative relationship between diarrhoea and physical growth and development of a child. Each day of illness due to diarrhoea produces a weight deficit of 20-40 gms. Poor nutrition is associated with more serious prolonged diarrhoea. 'Catch-up growth' often does not occur in malnourished children. Malnutrition, particularly wasting, is a strong predictor of diarrhoeal duration and the prolonged illness could exacerbate nutritional faltering, thereby increasing the subsequent risk of death. Poor appetite, vomiting, deliberate withholding of food resulting in poor intake; malabsorption of macro and micronutrients; hastening of intestinal transit time; disturbance of metabolic and endocrine functions; and direct loss of protein and other nutrients in gastrointestinal tract are some of the known mechanisms which have an impact on the nutrition during an episode of diarrhea. In addition diarrhoea of infectious origin causes cytokine induced malnutrition which results from the actions of proinflammatory cytokines like tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 1, 6 and 8. Preexisting malnutrition is associated with decreased turnover of epithelial cells resulting in delayed recovery which may prolong an episode of infectious diarrhoea by itself as well as by promoting tissue invasion by other enteropathogens. Malnutrition may also alter protective host factors and thereby favour intestinal colonization by the pathogenic microbes. Mucosal damage varying from moderately severe changes to flat lesions indistinguishable from those of celiac disease may occur in kwashiorkar. Diarrhoea malnutrition interaction represents a dangerous web which can be distangled by prevention of disease transmission by promoting exclusive breast feeding, hygienic weaning practices, safe drinking water and handwashing, improved host defences by breast feeding, improved nutrition, measles vaccine and other vaccines against enteropathogens in the offing; and promotion of standard case management with special emphasis on nutritional support and rehabilitation.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

[Screening and prognostic value of malnutrition in the hospital setting].

Many hospitalized patients are malnourished and the relationship between malnutrition, and outcome is well established. To determine which patients are at nutritional risks clinical scores are probably more accurate than evaluation using a single nutritional parameter. Among the numerous scores published, the Nutrition Risk Index and the Subjective Global Assessment are both well validated. One is based on objective measurements, whereas the second is based on medical history and physical examination. Effects of malnutrition on clinical outcome have been particularly well-demonstrated in surgical patients, and it is now recommended to treat malnutrition before surgery. In medical patients malnutrition has also been demonstrated to be predictive of poor outcome. Moreover it induces an increase of the diagnosis-related group length of stay and hospital charges. To prevent and to treat malnutrition is now essential and nutrition teams are needed in hospitals.

Hospitalization↗
PubMed2001

Definition and measurement of child malnutrition.

Child Malnutrition has been defined or described in many ways. To summarize the common points, child malnutrition may be defined as a pathological state resulting from inadequate nutrition, including undernutrition (protein-energy malnutrition) due to insufficient intake of energy and other nutrients; overnutrition (overweight and obesity) due to excessive consumption of energy and other nutrients; deficiency diseases due to insufficient intake of one or more specific nutrients such as vitamins or minerals. In the assessment of child malnutrition, a large number of measures are available. Among these measuring methods, Z-score, growth charts, weight-for-length index (WLI), height standard weight, body mass index, skin fold thickness and clinical grading diagnosis standard for child malnutrition are selected for discussion. The same set of anthropometry data of a group of preschool children was analyzed by using different methods. The results showed that it was very difficult to determine the nutritional state of children using a single index. For a given group of children, Z-score method is recommended to observe their height, weight and weight for height at the same time in order to have a comprehensive understanding.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of malnutrition among candidates for lung transplantation].

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prevalence of malnutrition in candidates for lung transplantation and to establish if there are any differences in the prevalence of malnutrition among the different groups of patients regarding their illness. METHODS: We reviewed the nutritional evaluation of 163 consecutive transplant candidates referred to our hospital (1996-2001). The nutritional assessment included: clinical history, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and biochemical measurements. The nutritional status diagnosis was determined following RWS Chang protocol. RESULTS: 163 patients (108 male/55 female; 42.9 +/- 14.7 yr.) agrupped into four main lung diseases groups: obstructive (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease): 60 (36.8%); interstitial (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis): 45 (27.6%); septic (cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis): 47 (28.8%); and vascular (primary pulmonary hypertension and miscellaneous etiology): 11 (6.7%). The prevalence of malnutrition is 60.9% (IC 95%; 53.4-68.4) and the most prevalent type is moderate caloric malnutrition (23.3%). Percentage of triceps skinfold thickness was lower in the septic group (65.1 +/- 43.0) than in the obstructive (94.8 +/- 53.9; p < 0.05) or in the interstitial one (130.3 +/- 61.5; p < 0.0001). Interstitial group had also the higher weight, BMI and percentage of ideal weight. Percentage of arm muscle circumference was only different between interstitial and septic groups (105.5 +/- 18.3 vs 95.9 +/- 11.1; p < 0.01). Resting energy expenditure was lower in septic patients. This group had lower levels of prealbumin than obstructive (17.6 +/- 4.7 vs 24.4 +/- 4.8 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) or interstitial groups (17.6 +/- 4.7 vs 27.3 +/- 7.7 mg/dl; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition in patients awaiting lung transplantation is highly prevalent, specially in septic and vascular lung diseases. Anthropometric measurements are a good and easy option to explore this problem. Nutritional rehabilitation of these patients could improve their postoperative course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of malnutrition in rural Karnataka, South India: a comparison of anthropometric indicators.

Malnutrition is a problem at varying proportions in developing countries, and anthropometry is a simple tool to assess its magnitude in children. This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of malnutrition among 256 children of rural areas of Karnataka in South India, who attended the aanganwadis. The value of using various field-based formulae and of various anthropometric indicators used for classification of malnutrition was also studied. The children, aged 12-60 months, came from villages located at the outskirts of Bangalore city. The prevalence of wasting, stunting, and wasting and stunting was 31.2%, 9.4%, and 29.2% respectively. Wasting was more predominant among the younger age groups (p<0.01). To detect wasting (acute malnutrition), the best indicator was a comparison with the reference weight calculated using Weech's formula. However, the age of child had to be rounded off to the nearest quarter of a year. Results of the study showed that indicators, such as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), needed to be used with caution since they are not sensitive enough to detect all cases of malnutrition. However, the MUAC-for-height (quac stick) method could be used since it was more sensitive. For detection of stunting, if reference tables are not available, Weech's formula can be used for calculation of expected height taking care to account for age to the nearest quarter, although the sensitivity of this indicator is not very high.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2003

[Malnutrition in chronic diseases].

During chronic diseases, malnutrition is found in approximately 40% of patients. Malnutrition is correlated with complication rates, handicap, need for care as well as mortality. Malnutrition can be related to two mechanisms: insufficient feeding and abnormal nutrient absorption or metabolism. Nutritional assessment of patients with chronic diseases should be helpful for the early detection and management of malnutrition. Nutritional supplementation was shown to improve both nutritional status and survival in selected conditions. Future therapies of malnutrition in chronic diseases rely to the selection of patients susceptible to respond to a new therapeutic approach which, depending on primary disease, may associate nutritional supplementation to rehabilitation and, in some conditions, anabolizing hormones.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

Malnutrition in the institutionalized older adult.

Most older adults in the United States live at home and are well nourished. Approximately 5% to 6% reside in nursing homes, and this segment of the older population typically suffers from multiple diseases that contribute to a high incidence of malnutrition. Forty percent of hospital beds are occupied by older persons. This article addresses the causes of malnutrition in older persons institutionalized in long-term and acute-care facilities. The causes include changes in nutrient requirements secondary to disease processes and drug modalities in combination with low or marginal dietary intake. Infections are common and result in anorexia, poor dietary intake, and malnutrition, which predispose the patient to another infection. Occurrence of decubitus ulcers is related to nutritional status and presents a serious risk for older persons with limited mobility. Depression and dementia are commonly seen in older persons and are major contributors to poor appetite and malnutrition. Cancer cachexia accounts for about half of the cases of malnutrition in older institutionalized persons. Physiologic changes that occur with age and multiple drug use place older persons at a high risk for adverse drug reactions. Less body water in the older individual influences and complicates many aspects of treatment. Standards, methods, and interpretation of nutritional assessment measurements in older persons differ from those in younger adults. The nutrition care provider must carefully consider many complex physical, medical, and psychosocial factors to deliver individualized nutrition care.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Change of T lymphocyte subsets in peripherial blood of children with malnutrition and zinc deficiency].

Sixty children with malnutrition were investigated in this study. The results showed a reduction of serum zinc in moderate and severe cases compared with the mild and normal groups. OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells in peripheral blood of mild malnutrition were significantly decreased in contrast to normal control. The reductive degree of OKT8+ and OKT4+ cells correlated with the severity of malnutrition. OKT8+, OKT4+ and OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio of moderate and severe malnutrition with infection were much lower than those without infection. Our findings suggested that main effective and regulative cells of cell-mediated immunity were impaired. OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells might be used as a sensitive index for early assessment of the immune function in malnutrition children.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunologic consequences of malnutrition: assessment with multitest].

Presentation of a clinical study of 256 patients eligible for elective surgery, with the purpose of evaluating the immunological consequences of malnutrition. With this aim, retarded hypersensitivity skin tests were performed. The malnutrition criteria used included 10% normal weight loss and/or seric albumin levels of less than 3.5 g/dl. There were 99 patients in total (38.67%) with malnutrition criteria. Within this group 21.79% showed positive responses compared to 38.88% of control group (p less than 0.001). The "average papule" in the group suffering from malnutrition was 4.18 +/- 2.06 and in the control group, 3.64 +/- 2.20 (p less than 0.001), with a significant increase in tuberculine papule in the group with malnutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Influence of malnutrition on regeneration and composition of the liver in rats.

Using a new experimental model of protein-calorie starvation, the impact of malnutrition on liver regeneration, and the changes in liver composition during malnutrition and regeneration, were studied. Forty-one rats were allocated to one of 3 groups: group I (n = 13) were normally nourished rats which underwent partial hepatectomy, group II (n = 16) were semistarved rats which underwent partial hepatectomy, and group III (n = 12) were normally nourished rats which underwent sham operations. Liver biopsy specimens were taken at the time of partial hepatectomy and when the rats were killed after 48 hours of regeneration. The samples were used for determination of water, fat, glycogen, protein, DNA, and RNA content. The replication rate of liver cells was measured by autoradiography after continuous incorporation of tritium labelled thymidine. Malnutrition was associated with a higher postoperative mortality and a reduced rate of regeneration. The livers changed during malnutrition with a reduction in both size and glycogen concentration. After 48 hours of regeneration there was a marked change in liver composition with severe fatty degeneration, a fall in glycogen and a rise in water content. RNA concentration was stimulated during regeneration, but during malnutrition the protein content decreased. The results emphasise the importance of an adequate nutritional state for liver regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic steatosis and serum very low density lipoproteins during two types of protein malnutrition followed by balanced refeeding.

The relation of serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to hepatic steatosis was studied during protein malnutrition followed by refeeding of a balanced diet in growing rats. A control group was fed a balanced diet containing 15% casein for 42 days. Two depleted groups were fed low protein diets containing 2% casein (group C) or 5% gluten (group GI) (protein malnutrition phase) for 28 days and then were fed the balanced diet for 14 days (refeeding phase). The concentrations of phospholipids and proteins in both liver and serum VLDL were decreased during protein malnutrition, whereas triacylglycerols, unesterified cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters were higher in the liver and lower in the serum VLDL in the C and GI groups compared with the control group. There was a significant inverse relation between serum VLDL apolipoproteins and liver triacylglycerols on the one hand and between serum VLDL triacylglycerols and liver triacylglycerols on the other hand, in both depleted groups, although this relation was less important in the GI group. The major fatty acid levels of liver triacylglycerols were negatively correlated with those of serum VLDL during protein malnutrition. Our results show that in spite of a similar fatty acid intake, protein malnutrition involved an important decrease in essential fatty acids in VLDL triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Moreover, triacylglycerol accumulation was accompanied by increases in unesterfied cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in the liver of rats fed low protein diets, especially with 5% gluten. Hence, the hepatic steatosis was not entirely attributable to impaired transport of triacylglycerols by VLDL.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Increase in number of admissions and increased mortality due to malnutrition in children in Paramaribo].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent and severity of malnutrition in children in the last 10 years in 's Lands Hospitaal. SETTING: Paramaribo, Surinam. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. METHOD: Data were collected from the medical files of children admitted because of malnutrition, by completing a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: The number of children hospitalized because of malnutrition increased markedly from fewer than 20 per year in the period 1985-1990 to 142 in 1994. The increase involved both sexes, all age groups and all ethnic groups. The number of children who died from malnutrition increased from a maximum of two per year before 1993 to 18 in 1994. CONCLUSION: The increase of admissions because of malnutrition and the increase of the corresponding mortality are the consequences of the deteriorated socioeconomic situation in Surinam.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Malnutrition and experimental lung allergy.

BACKGROUND: Although it is commonly accepted that the immune response is affected by malnutrition there are very few data about its effect in allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of malnutrition in allergic lung inflammation. METHODS: An anaphylactic reaction was induced in rat lungs and the increased vascular permeability was measured in the trachea, internal and external bronchi and parenchyma by the Evans blue extravasation method. These studies were conducted in two dietary groups: one fed a normoproteic diet (18%) and the other a hypoproteic diet (4.5%). When the animals were 60 days old the group fed the hypoproteic diet presented a reduction of 77.86% in bodyweight, 63.3% in food intake and 36% in plasma protein concentration characterizing a severe protein-calorie malnutrition. RESULTS: The anaphylactic reaction in the lungs induced a significant increase in vascular permeability in the trachea and bronchi of both dietary groups. However, the intensity of this effect was significantly lower in the malnourished group. Analysis of immunoglobulin isotypes in the serum by ELISA showed that whereas IgG1 and IgG2a levels were similar in both groups, the levels of IgE were significantly lower in the malnourished animals. Moreover, the levels of antigen-specific IgG1, IgG2a and IgE were all significantly inhibited by the protein-calorie malnutrition. When antibodies were passively transfered to the malnourished rats, they developed a reaction as intense as the normoproteic group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the capacity to release inflammatory mediators and the vascular response to these mediators is not affected by this type of malnutrition and, therefore, the diminished response of the airways reported here is probably due to the lower levels of anaphylactic antibodies produced by the malnourished rats.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1976

Subclinical and covert malnutrition.

Obvious or overt malnutrition is diagnosed from characteristic clinical signs. Subclinical malnutrition is revealed only by biochemical changes but is an unstable state which, if untreated, will develop to clinical malnutrition. There appears to be a stable state where the subject has adapted to low levels of nutrient intake for which the name 'covert malnutrition' is suggested. Examples are: (1) vitamin C intake of 10 mg per day which is adequate to prevent scurvy and where no clinical signs appear until the stress of wounding is applied to the tissues; (2) inadequate intake of vitamin A without signs of deficiency because the poor diet limits growth--deficiency shows up when growth is resumed: (3) protein intake which is adequate to maintain N balance but not adequate to withstand stress. All dietary surveys reveal apparently healthy individuals whose intake of nutrients appears to be grossly inadequate--these may be 'suffering' covert malnutrition, although there is no evidence to indicate whether or not this stable condition is harmful.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Risk factors for malnutrition in south Indian children.

Protein energy malnutrition is a major health problem in India and it affects the growth and development of young children. This study investigated the impact of hygiene, housing and sociodemographic variables on acute malnutrition in children aged 5-7, living in urban and rural areas. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the overall prevalence of severe malnutrition was 8.2%. Older age, male sex, mother's poor education, lower family income, higher birth order of the child, use of dung or fire wood as fuel and defecation within the premises were significantly associated with malnutrition. Appropriate intervention programmes should be formulated to educate and support these families.

Child↗