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PubMed1999

Bcl-6 and Bcl-2 protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma: correlation with 3q27 and 18q21 chromosomal abnormalities.

The bcl-2 gene on chromosome 18 at q21 and the bcl-6 gene on chromosome 3 at q27 are both highly regulated during B-cell differentiation and show an inverse relationship of expression in the normal secondary lymphoid follicle. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between bcl-2 and bcl-6 protein expression and the relationship between protein expression and the corresponding chromosomal alterations in malignant lymphomas, including those associated with the germinal center. Expression of bcl-2 and bcl-6 proteins was studied in 55 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 21 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), and the results correlated with the presence of t(14;18) and 3q27 abnormalities in a subset of 52 cases with cytogenetic analysis. These cases were selected to represent a spectrum of nodal and extranodal lymphomas, including those with and without a t(14;18). It was shown that the neoplastic cells in 71% of DLBCLs and 100% of FLs expressed bcl-6 protein. Expression of bcl-6 was seen more frequently in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with large noncleaved morphology compared with immunoblastic morphology (82% v 27%, P = .0015), but failed to correlate with 3q27 abnormalities. Thirty-eight percent of cases with 3q27 abnormalities were bcl-6 protein negative, whereas 85% of cases without a 3q27 abnormalities were bcl-6 protein positive. Expression of bcl-2 protein was shown in 51% DLBCLs (nodal v extranodal, 71% v 30%, P = .012). bcl-2 protein was expressed in 89% of FLs with t(14;18), in contrast to 25% of FLs without t(14;18) (P = .016). In DLBCL and FL with t(14;18), the most common pattern of expression was bcl-2+/bcl-6+. In lymphomas without t(14;18), there was not an inverse relationship between bcl-2 and bcl-6 protein expression. In conclusion, these data suggest that mechanisms other than gene rearrangements can deregulate bcl-2 and bcl-6 expression in lymphomas, and there does not appear to be an inverse relationship between these two proteins as seen in the normal germinal center.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2003

ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma demonstrates similar poor prognosis to peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified.

AIMS: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is classically considered a clinicopathological entity separate from other nodal mature T-cell lymphomas (TCL). Recently, the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein was shown to identify a subgroup of nodal ALCL with an excellent prognosis, whereas ALK-negative ALCLs are more heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological parameters in relation to clinical behaviour of ALK-negative ALCL compared with other nodal mature TCL, i.e. peripheral TCL, unspecified (PTCL-NOS) and angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (AILT). METHODS AND RESULTS: Clinicopathological data of ALK-positive (n = 28) and ALK-negative (n = 46) ALCL; PTCL-NOS (n = 47); and AILT (n = 12) were analysed for their prognostic significance. While ALK-positive ALCL shows favourable clinical features and a good prognosis, ALK-negative ALCL, PTCL-NOS and AILT are all associated with high age groups, advanced disease stage, and poor prognosis (<45% 5-year survival). In multivariate analysis of overall survival time, performed in the combined group of ALK-negative nodal mature T-cell lymphomas, only age and the International Prognostic Index (IPI) remained independent prognostic parameters, while lymphoma subtype (ALCL versus PTCL-NOS versus AILT) gave no additional information. CONCLUSIONS: The distinction between ALK-negative ALCL and PTCL-NOS or AILT is of limited clinical relevance as they show comparable poor prognosis. In these lymphoma subtypes, only age and the IPI are of significant prognostic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Coexpression of Bcl-6 and CD10 in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: significance of Bcl-6 expression patterns in identifying germinal center B-cell lymphoma.

Most follicular lymphomas (FLs) transform to diffuse lymphoma eventually, comprising a significant proportion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Judging by bcl-2 rearrangement (bcl-2R), one third of DLBCLs are believed to be of FL derivation in the Western population. However, bcl-2R is not specific and is not detectable in every case of FL. In East Asia, FL is uncommon but DLBCL is not. The proportion of tumors of FL origin in DLBCL is not known in this region. The coexpression of Bcl-6 and CD10 proteins, a reliable marker to identify germinal center (GC) B-cell lymphoma including FL, was analyzed in primary nodal DLBCLs (n = 104) diagnosed at major hospitals in Seoul during a recent 2-year period, along with well-defined cases (n = 17) of nodal FL as controls. Bcl-2 protein expression (n = 77) was also studied along with bcl-2R (n = 64), by polymerase chain reaction. Formalin-fixed archival specimens were used in all these assays. The Bcl-6/CD10 coexpression was observed in 35 DLBCLs (34%) and 14 FLs (82%), and most of them showed a pattern of Bcl-6 expression similar to that of the GC. Bcl-2 expression or bcl-2R did not correlate with Bcl-6/CD10 coexpression. Histologically, compartmentalizing sclerosis was associated with a high rate of the coexpression (8 of 10). In conclusion, to detect GC B-cell lymphoma in routine biopsy specimens, a pattern of Bcl-6 staining similar to the GC must be identified. Bcl-6+/CD10+ GC B-cell lymphomas thus defined comprised one third of primary nodal DLBCLs in Korea. The incidence rate is similar to that in the West. The reasons for the discrepancy between the incidence of GC B-cell lymphoma and the paucity of the follicular pattern in East Asian subjects warrant further studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (CDw50) on endothelial cells in cutaneous lymphomas. A comparative study between nodal and cutaneous lymphomas.

Advances in the molecular definition of surface proteins (adhesion molecules) involved in tumor metastasis may help to explain the invasive behavior of malignant tumors, that is, the migration of tumor cells involving reversible adhesive contacts, their release in the circulation, and their extravasation into distant sites. Intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3), the third receptor for the lymphocyte function-associated antigen molecule-1 (LFA-1) was recently characterized. We investigated fresh frozen skin biopsies from 10 patients with mycosis fungoides, four with pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, six with Sézary syndrome, 10 with primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, and 10 with eczematous lesions as controls. The biopsies were compared with lymph node biopsies of five patients with known cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), 10 with primary nodal B-cell lymphoma, and 11 with lymph-node specimens showing dermatopathic lymphadenopathy as controls. The specimens were stained with ICAM-3 antibody (Bender Medical Science) using the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase method. Using cytomorphologic criteria, neoplastic lymphocytes could be differentiated from smaller reactive cells. Staining intensities were classified semiquantitatively as follows: 4, strong expression in 75 to 100% of the tumor cells; 3, 50 to 75%; 2, 25 to 50%; 1, 5 to 25%; and 0 fewer than 5% of the tumor cells. The endothelial cells in skin biopsies of seven of 30 primary cutaneous lymphomas expressed ICAM-3. In contrast, no expression of ICAM-3 could be demonstrated on endothelial cells in lymph nodes infiltrated with tumor cells of CTCL. Finally, endothelial cells of lymph nodes infiltrated with primary nodal B-cell lymphomas showed expression of ICAM-3 in three of 10 patients. The endothelial cells in the 11 control patients presenting with both eczematous lesions and dermatopathic lymphadenopathy showed no staining for ICAM-3. Every patient who expressed ICAM-3 on endothelial cells showed systemic spread of this disease. The findings suggest that ICAM-3 expression may be induced on endothelial cells in late-stage cutaneous lymphomas, probably by a cytokine-mediated mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

ALK+, CD30-, CD20- large B-cell lymphoma containing anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fused to clathrin heavy chain gene (CLTC).

Pathological features and genomic basis of a rare case of ALK(+), CD30(-), CD20(-) large B-cell lymphoma were analyzed. A 36-year-old Japanese female was admitted because of lumbago and constitutional symptoms. Physical examination and laboratory tests showed anemia (hemoglobin, 7.5 g/dL), mild hepatosplenomegaly, and immunoglobin G (IgG) lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy (IgG, 2782 mg/dL). The lymphoma spread exclusively in extranodal sites such as bone marrow, liver, spleen, ovary, and muscle. Biopsy specimens obtained from the ovary showed monomorphic proliferation of large immunoblastic cells with basophilic cytoplasm, round-shaped nuclei with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and prominent single nucleolus. Immunostaining with anti-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) antibody, ALK1, showed finely granular cytoplasmic staining pattern. These cells were also positive for epithelial membrane antigen, CD4, CD19, CD38, CD138, cytoplasmic IgG, and lambda chain, but negative for CD30 (Ber-H2), CD56, CD57, and other T- and B-cell markers. Southern blot analyses revealed that Ig heavy and lambda light chain genes, but not T-cell receptor (TCR) beta gene, were clonally rearranged. Chromosomal analyses by conventional G-banding, spectral karyotyping, and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed complex abnormality involving 2p23, and chromosome 2 was translocated to chromosome 17. As 2;17 translocation resulting in the fusion of clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) gene with ALK was previously reported in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, we performed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and demonstrated that the lymphoma cells contained CLTC-ALK fusion transcript. Under the diagnosis of ALK(+), CD30(-), CD20(-) large B-cell lymphoma, she was treated with conventional combination chemotherapies. However, the lymphoma was primarily chemotherapy resistant, and the patient died 11 months after admission. We consider that this case confirms the existence of ALK(+), CD30(-), CD20(-) large B-cell lymphomas proposed by Delsol et al. (16) and further provides relevant information regarding their clinicopathological features and cytogenetics.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The incidence and anatomic site specificity of chromosomal translocations in primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) in North America.

Several balanced translocations have been identified in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) but there are few data regarding their frequency in different anatomic sites or the frequency of translocations involving BCL6 or kappa or lambda immunoglobulin light chain genes (IGK or IGL), particularly in patients from geographic regions other than Europe and Japan. One hundred thirty-three paraffin-embedded North American primary MALT lymphoma specimens from diverse anatomic sites were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for API2-MALT1, IGH-MALT1, IGH-BCL10, IGH-FOXP1, IGH, +/- centromeres 3, 7, 12, and 18, and a subset (n=74) were analyzed using FISH probes for IGK, IGL, and BCL6. Translocations were mutually exclusive and were detected in 26% of cases (17% API2-MALT1, 5% IGH-MALT1, 3% IGH-unknown translocation partner, and 1% IGH-BCL10). Aneuploidy was associated with IGH-MALT1 and IGH-BCL10 but only rarely with API2-MALT1. There was striking site specificity, with API2-MALT1 showing a marked predilection for lung and intestine, and IGH-MALT1 and IGH-BCL10 occurring almost exclusively in lung. Twenty-three percent of translocation-negative primary MALT lymphomas from diverse sites showed complete/partial trisomy 18. No MALT lymphomas with translocations involving IGK, IGL, BCL6, or FOXP1 were identified. This FISH panel detected cytogenetic abnormalities in half of all MALT lymphomas, and translocations arose preferentially in MALT lymphomas of the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Differences in incidence and anatomic site specificity of translocations between North American and non-North American cases may reflect geographic variability of infectious or other etiologic factors.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2005

Composite marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 12 cases.

AIMS: Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) rarely coexists as composite lymphoma with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). We characterized 12 cases of composite marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL) and cHL by immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight patients had gastric MZBL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type, in five cases with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma component. Concurrent cHL was observed either in the stomach wall, regional, or distant lymph nodes. One patient each had composite pulmonary/thyroid MZBL of MALT-type and cHL. In two cases, nodal composite MZBL and cHL was observed. cHL displayed features of mixed cellularity type in 10 cases, while in two cases only scattered Hodgkin- and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells were noted. H/RS cells expressed CD30, multiple myeloma oncogene 1 protein (MUM1P), p53 (100%), CD15 (58%), CD20 (58%) and Epstein-Barr virus-associated LMP1 (50%). No t(11;18)(q21;q21) was detected in composite MZBL of MALT-type and cHL. CONCLUSIONS: MZBL and cHL may occur as composite lymphoma, possibly reflecting clonal lymphoma progression. Derivation from extranodal MZBL of MALT-type should be excluded in cases in which a diagnosis of primary extranodal cHL is considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Applicability of the International Index for aggressive lymphomas to patients with low-grade lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Variables used to build up the International Index for aggressive lymphomas (age, performance status, stage, extranodal involvement, and lactic dehydrogenase [LDH]) are also important in low-grade lymphoma. To assess the prognostic value of this index in low-grade lymphoma, we have applied it to a series of 125 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-five patients with low-grade lymphoma who were diagnosed at a single institution over a 20-year period and treated with standard chemotherapy were studied. End points of the study were response to therapy and survival according to the International Index. In addition to the International Index, main initial and evolutive variables were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate methods were used. RESULTS: After applying the International Index, the patients divided into four risk groups: low (36% of cases), low-intermediate (32%), high-intermediate (20.8%), and high (11.2%), with complete response (CR) rates in the four groups being 60%, 35%, 23%, and 21%, respectively. Ten-year overall survival rates for the risk groups were as follows: low, 73.6%; low-intermediate, 45.2%; high-intermediate, 53.5%; and high, 0% (P < .001). When the International Index was included in a multivariate analysis, along with the main initial variables, International Index (P < .001) and sex (male, worse) (P = .038) were the only parameters related to survival. When response to therapy was also included, achievement of CR (P < .0001) and International Index (P < .001) were the most important factors. In patients who achieved a CR, the International Index was the only parameter related to survival (P = .051). The results were the same when the International Index was applied to the subset of 107 patients with follicular lymphoma. CONCLUSION: In this study, the International Index has been found to be an important prognostic tool in low-grade lymphomas. Such an index could be used to predict prognosis not only in aggressive, but also in low-grade lymphomas.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: A clinical comparison of nodal and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue types. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project.

PURPOSE: In the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type is listed as a distinctive entity. However, nodal MZL is listed as a provisional entity because of questions as to whether it is truly a disease or just an advanced stage of MALT-type MZL. To resolve the issue of whether primary nodal MZL without involvement of mucosal sites exists and whether it is clinically different from extranodal MALT-type lymphoma, we compared the clinical features of these two lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five expert hematopathologists reached a consensus diagnosis of MZL in 93 patients. Seventy-three were classified as having MALT-type MZL because of involvement of a mucosal site at the time of diagnosis, and 20 were classified as having nodal MZL because of involvement of lymph nodes without involvement of a mucosal site. RESULTS: A comparison of the clinical features of nodal MZL and MALT-type MZL showed that more patients with nodal MZL presented with advanced-stage disease (71% v 34%; P =. 02), peripheral lymphadenopathy (100% v 8%; P <.001), and para-aortic lymphadenopathy (56% v 14%; P <.001) than those with MALT-type MZL. However, fewer patients with nodal MZL had a large mass (> or = 5 cm) than those with MALT-type MZL (31% v 68%; P =.03). The 5-year overall survival of patients with nodal MZL was lower than that for patients with MALT-type MZL (56% v 81%; P =.09), with a similar result for failure-free survival (28% v 65%; P =.01). Comparisons of patients with International Prognostic Index scores of 0 to 3 showed that those with nodal MZL had lower 5-year overall survival (52% v 88%; P =.025) and failure-free survival (30% v 75%; P =.007) rates than those with MALT-type MZL. CONCLUSION: Nodal MZL seems to be a distinctive disease entity rather than an advanced stage of MALT-type MZL because the clinical presentations and survival outcomes are different in these two types of MZL. Clinically, nodal MZL is similar to other low-grade, node-based B-cell lymphomas, such as follicular and small lymphocytic lymphomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Angiotropic large cell lymphoma (intravascular lymphomatosis) occurring after follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma.

Angiotropic large cell lymphoma is a rare, aggressive type of malignant lymphoma that primarily involves intravascular spaces and most often has clinical manifestations in the skin and central nervous system. Virtually any organ can be affected, however, including the lymph nodes and spleen. Peripheral blood involvement is usually not detectable morphologically. Conventional lymphoma in association with this entity has also been described. Herein we present a case of angiotropic lymphoma of B-cell lineage that affected the liver and skin. Reanalysis of a lymph node specimen that had been excised 3 years previously demonstrated a follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of possible evolution of follicular lymphoma to large cell lymphoma of angiotropic type.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Immunologic induction of malignant lymphoma: graft-vs-host reaction-induced B cell lymphomas contain integrations of predominantly ecotropic murine leukemia proviruses.

The induction of a graft-vs-host reaction in (BALB/c X A)F1 mice by i.v. injection with BALB/c lymphoid cells leads to a lymphoid hyperplasia that may progress to malignant lymphoma. In the present paper, the following aspects of graft-vs-host-reaction lymphomagenesis were studied: 1) the cellular requirements for the induction of lymphomas, 2) their cellular origin, and 3) the role of murine leukemia viruses. The development of graft-vs-host-reaction lymphomas was found to be mediated by donor T cells and to require the presence of histoincompatibility between donor and host. Histologically, the vast majority of these lymphomas were either of follicular center cell or of immunoblastic type, whereas immunoperoxidase studies showed that they were virtually all B cell derived. Most of the lymphomas were of host origin. In the DNA of approximately 80% of the lymphomas, integrated murine leukemia virus proviruses were detected. In the B cell lymphoma DNA, integrated ecotropic proviruses prevailed, but recombinant murine leukemia virus and/or deleted murine leukemia virus genomes were also detected in some tumor DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Administration of an anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and lymphoma: effect on lymphoma growth and on B clinical symptoms.

Increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and expression by malignant cells of the IL-6 receptor has been evidenced in a subgroup of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, suggesting that this cytokine plays a role in lymphoma growth and in B clinical symptoms. In this study, the effect of the administration of an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was analyzed in 11 patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus-1 and suffering from an immunoblastic or a polymorphic large-cell lymphoma. The antibody (BE-8, 10 to 40 mg/day) was administered for 21 days. Neutralization of in vivo IL-6 effect was assessed by monitoring C-reactive protein levels in the serum. In 5 patients, the lymphoma progressed during treatment. Among them were the 2 patients in whom endogenous IL-6 effect was not neutralized. Five patients experienced a stabilization, and 1 a partial remission. This effect on lymphoma growth lasted for 8 to 28 weeks. The anti-IL-6 MoAb had a clear effect on lymphoma-associated fever and cachexia. The mean body weight increase was 1.4 +/- 0.5 kg between day 1 and day 21, and reached 12 kg in 120 days in 1 patient who received three courses of treatment. Side effects were a consistent but moderate thrombocytopenia, and an occasional and moderate decrease of neutrophil counts. Immunization against the MoAb was observed in only 2 patients. These results indicate that in some cases of lymphomas growth of malignant cells may be partially IL-6-dependent and that neutralizing endogenous effect of IL-6 completely abrogates B clinical symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Th1, Th2, and activated T-cell marker and clinical prognosis in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified: comparison with AILD, ALCL, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and ATLL.

A new World Health Organization classification was recently proposed. However, classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas remains to be clarified. Particularly, unspecified type was considered as a heterogeneous category. Here we studied the expressions of chemokine receptors, Th1-associated CXCR3 and CCR5 and Th2-associated marker ST2(L), and activated T-cell receptor OX40/CD134 in 185 patients with nodal T-cell lymphoma, and evaluated the relationship to prognosis. Their expression patterns correlated with the specific subtype of nodal T-cell lymphoma, such as angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILD), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), unspecified. In AILD, almost all cases were immunoreactive for OX40/CD134 (96%) and for CXCR3 (89%). In ALCL, all cases were immunonegative for OX40/CD134, and only a few cases (24%) were immunoreactive for CXCR3, whereas almost all cases (94%) were positive for ST2(L). Cases of PTCL, unspecified, were divided into 2 groups; group 1 (cases positive for either ST2(L), CCR5, or CXCR3) tended to show favorable prognosis compared with group 2 (cases negative for ST2(L), CCR5, and CXCR3). Our results indicate that further subtyping of PTCL, unspecified, into groups 1 and 2 could be significant for evaluating prognosis and understanding the functional role of these tumors.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2001

Infiltration of cervical lymph nodes by B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary ultrasonic findings.

Ultrasonography has been used in the evaluation of enlarged lymph nodes in patients with malignant lymphoma, which comprises a variety of histopathological subtypes. We assessed ultrasonic findings of infiltration in cervical lymph nodes of 47 patients with previously untreated malignant lymphoma and correlated them with histopathological subtypes. Common findings among various histopathological subtypes were hypoechoic masses, spot and/or line echoes, involvement of multiple nodes, and posterior enhancement. In addition, each histopathological subtype showed characteristic findings: Hodgkin's disease had a contour with a lobular pattern (9/10 cases), septum-like echo (9/10 cases), and tubular structure (9/10 cases) in the internal echo, reflecting histopathologically fibrous connective tissue surrounding lymph nodes and small vessels. In B-cell lymphoma, there was characteristically a tendency for lymph node fusion (19/28 cases) and spot and/or line echoes (17/28 cases), reflecting histopathological replacement and destruction of the structure of lymph node and capsule by proliferation of lymphocytes. These findings were strengthened in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. T-cell lymphoma was distinguished from other types of lymphoma by the presence of a hilum-like echo (6/9 cases), reflecting histopathologically prominent vascularization in lymph nodes accompanied by a dilated hilum area. In summary, this preliminary study suggests that ultrasonic findings of infiltration of cervical lymph nodes in major subtypes of malignant lymphoma could reflect characteristic histopathological structures, therefore providing information helpful for differentiating them.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Molecular-cytogenetic comparison of mucosa-associated marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and large B-cell lymphoma arising in the gastro-intestinal tract.

Extranodal B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type may represent a model of lymphoma progression, because a small cell component frequently occurs in the large cell variants. We studied 52 extranodal B-cell lymphomas: 18 extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of MALT type (MZBL,MT), 7 MZBL,MT of the gastro-intestinal tract with a diffuse large B-cell component (giMZBLplusLBCL), and 27 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the gastro-intestinal tract without small cell component (giLBCL). Analytical techniques were comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The translocation t(11;18) was found as the sole aberration in two MZBL,MT only. In contrast to this, t(11;18)-negative MZBL,MT were characterized by frequent gains on chromosome 3 and DNA amplifications on 2p13-p15. Furthermore, we found a clonal lymphoma progression from the small to the large cell component with accumulation of gains and losses of chromosomal material in the large cell component in giMZBLplusLBCL. Aberrations overlapping with MZBL,MT and giMZBLplusLBCL included losses on chromosome 13, amplifications of the REL proto-oncogene, or gains on chromosome 12. In addition, the large cell component revealed gains on 8q24, including amplifications of the MYC proto-oncogene, and losses on 2q. The giLBCL had frequent gains on chromosomes 12 and 9, as well as on 11q, and losses on 6q. We conclude that, based on the distinctive and partly overlapping patterns of genetic aberrations, MALT lymphomas can be divided into different genetic subgroups.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1980

Malignant lymphoma with a high content of epithelioid histiocytes: report of T-cell variant of so-called Lennert lymphoma and review of the literature.

The present report describes the first case of well-differentiated nodular lymphocytic lymphoma evolving into Lennert lymphoma of T-cell origin. A 58-year-old white female developed malignant lymphoma, well-differentiated, lymphocytic type, nodular, with focal bone marrow involvement (stage IV) in May 1975. She received 16 cycles of cyclophosphamide and prednisone combination chemotherapy which was completed in October 1976. A complete remission was achieved. In December 1976, she relapsed and was treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, bleomycin, and prednisone until May 1977. Lymphadenopathy decreased until August 1978, but then increased again. Biopsy of an axillary lymph node was interpreted as Lennert lymphoma. She received methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and prednisone beginning in September 1978. When last seen in November 1979, she was in partial remission. Lymphoid cells obtained from lymph node which was involved with Lennert lymphoma consisted of 93% standard E-rosettes and 83% gravity E-rosettes. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin on frozen sections was negative, but acid phosphatase (ACP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reactions were strongly positive. These findings support a T-cell proliferation in Lennert lymphoma. A review of the literature reveals only four cases of Lennert lymphoma of T-cell origin.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1995

Gastric malt lymphoma with crystalline immunoglobulin inclusions and secondary immunoblastic lymphoma in a cervical lymph node.

A case of gastric B cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) with crystalline immunoglobulin inclusions in monotypic plasma cells is reported, which initially presented as a secondary immunoblastic lymphoma in a cervical lymph node. The low-grade MALT lymphoma was diagnosed 14 months after detection of the nodal high-grade lymphoma, but rare crystal-containing plasma cells of identical immunoglobulin isotype found in the immunoblastic lymphoma retrospectively confirmed a common clonal origin. The diagnostic significance of crystalline immunoglobulin inclusions and the unusual initial presentation of MALT lymphoma as a secondary high-grade lymphoma at a distant nodal site are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Discordant malignant lymphoma synchronous or successive high-grade B lymphoma associated with Hodgkin's disease. A clinico pathologic and immunophenotypic study of 4 cases.

We report in 4 patients the rare association of Hodgkin's disease and high grade B malignant lymphoma. In 2 cases, both tumours were disclosed at the same time but in different tissues from the same region. In the 2 other patients, the second tumour was found 11 months and 12 months after the first respectively. In all cases Hodgkin's disease was of the nodular sclerosing type, the tumour cells expressing CD 30 and CD 15. The high grade lymphomas were of the polymorphic centroblastic (large non cleaved) type and expressed the B markers. One (case 4) was secondary to a follicular lymphoma. In 2 cases (2 and 4) the search for a latent EBV infection was negative in both tumours. In case 1, only the Reed-Sternberg cells were positive with both techniques. Such an association is different from so-called composite lymphomas, and can be called "discordant lymphoma". Different related conditions are discussed. This association is distinct from lymphomas or Hodgkin's disease complicating the treatment of Hodgkin's disease or malignant lymphomas.

Adult↗