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PubMed1995

Shyness and loneliness: relationship to the exercise frequency of college students.

The purpose of the current study was to estimate the relationship between exercise frequency and measures of shyness and loneliness in a sample of 882 college students. Analysis provided evidence that higher shyness and loneliness scores were associated with not exercising and infrequent exercising. Also, subjects who exercise 7 times a week scored significantly lower than the other exercise-frequency groups. Analysis of covariance, controlling for possible confounding variables, gives further support.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Adaptation to homelessness: self-actualization, loneliness, and depression in street homeless men.

Adaptation to homelessness was investigated in a sample of 145 street homeless men using loneliness and depression scales and the construct of self-actualization. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation of a matrix of correlations of measures on the history of being homeless, demographic data, scores on loneliness and depression scales, and self-actualization measures gave a 3-factor model of adjustment: adaptive striving, detachment, and adaptive resources. Maslow's and Sullivan's contention that satisfying interpersonal relationships are common pathways to mental health was affirmed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Discriminant analyses of willingness to talk with a counselor and most difficult issues in the experience of unsheltered homeless men: self-actualization, loneliness, and depression.

Stepwise discriminant analyses of willingness to talk with a counselor (Wilks Lambda=.75, p<.001) and most difficult issues (Wilks Lambda=.81, p<.001) in 145 unsheltered homeless men's experience were examined using self-actualization constructs, loneliness, depression, and history-of-being-homeless variables. For example, homeless men with higher scores on loneliness, autonomy, courage, Jonah Complex, and self-acceptance were less willing to talk with a counselor. The variable, longer intervals of having a home after a first homeless episode, was associated with personal issues rather than with homeless issues. Selected participants' responses to the items, "what have you learned from your homeless experience that you could not have learned any other way" and "what would you like for me to know about your experience of homelessness," are posted to give perspective on a homeless person's internal frame of reference. This phenomenological approach indicated strengths as well as weaknesses of homeless men. Counseling programs should embrace all homeless persons including mentally well, nondrug-dependent homeless individuals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Scores on loneliness of Chinese and American college students.

197 American college students going to school in Oklahoma and 91 Chinese college students going to school in China participated. Chinese students from extended families (families with three generations) reported less loneliness than those from nuclear families. In the younger group (aged 18 to 20 yr.), Chinese students scored higher on loneliness than American students as did all freshman compared with all sophomore students. Significant interactions between nation and years in college and between nation and family structure (extended families vs nuclear families) were found within the same age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Loneliness: a predictor of health perceptions among older Korean immigrants.

This study examined whether loneliness predicts health perceptions, i.e., emotional and physical health, in a sample of 174 older Korean immigrants living in a metropolitan area. Scores on the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale predicted scores on the Life Satisfaction Index-Z and perceived physical health in the older Koreans, but not scores on the Symptom Pattern Scale.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Internet chat room use, satisfaction with life, and loneliness.

In this study, 50 chat room users responded online to the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and demographic questions which included time spent per week in Internet chat rooms. Time spent in chat rooms was positively correlated with loneliness but only weakly and negatively related to satisfaction with life.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

ADL capacity and loneliness among elderly persons with cognitive impairment.

Advancing age brings a natural weakening of functions, making the individual rely more on support from the community and next-of-kin. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in relation to subjective loneliness, the ADL dependence of elderly persons with and without impaired cognitive capacity. 264 persons were interviewed. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used as a screening instrument for obtaining a cognitively-impaired and a normal group of elderly. Persons with impaired cognitive capacity who experienced loneliness had the greatest ADL dependence.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Loneliness and depression in middle and late childhood: the relationship to attachment and parental styles.

In this study, the author analyzed the relationship between (a) parenting and attachment and (b) self-competence, loneliness, and depression in children aged 8-12 years. The author administered (a) the Argentine Scale of Perception of the Relationships with Parents (M. C. Richaud de Minzi, 2004), (b) the Kerns' Security Scale (K. A. Kerns, L. Klepac, & A. K. Cole, 1996; M. C. Richaud de Minzi, C. Sacchi, & J. E. Moreno, 2001, Argentine adaptation), (c) the Self-Perception Profile for Children (S. Harter, 1985; M. C. Richaud de Minzi et al.), (d) the Dimensions of Depression Profile for Children and Adolescents (S. Harter & M. Nowakowski, 1987), and (e) the Louvain Loneliness Scale for Children and Adolescents (A. Marcoen, L. Goossens, & P. Caes, 1987; M. C. Richaud de Minzi et al.) to 1,019 children (8-12 years of age, 483 boys, 536 girls). Results indicated that attachment and parent-child relationship styles were differentiated constructs. Parents' acceptance promoted secure attachment and positive outcomes in children. Moreover, fathers' lack of interest had a marked negative effect. The author found differences in the perceptions and influences of fathers and mothers, which follow the cultural patterns of gender attribution.

Child↗
PubMed2000

What is your life like now? Loneliness and elderly individuals residing in nursing homes.

Loneliness has been associated with cognitive deterioration, social isolation, hopelessness, and the inability to perform independent activities of daily living. Three factors have been found to increase levels of loneliness among elderly individuals residing in a nursing home: lack of intimate relationships, increased dependency, and loss. Nurses in long-term care facilities are in a position to directly intervene with elderly residents. Individualized interventions will allow the resident to have greater well being and greater quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A troubling triangle. An exploration of loneliness, helplessness, and boredom of residents of a veterans home.

1. Lack of companionship, no opportunity to care for others, and little variety result in the problems of loneliness, helplessness, and boredom for many nursing home residents. 2. Loneliness, helplessness, and boredom may be even greater challenges than physical and functional problems for individuals in nursing homes. 3. Through clinical research and practice innovations, nursing has an opportunity to take a leading role in increasing information about emotional and functional issues that affect the quality of life for nursing home residents.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Quality of life, loneliness and social contacts among persons with long-term mental illness].

Chronic long-term patients who were residents in psychiatric nursing homes at a given point in time were traced six years later. Over this period, there had been deep cuts in the number of psychiatric beds in the county in question; we wanted to assess how the patients now perceived their quality of life. All 107 patients were traced; of the 75 who were still alive, 74 took part in the study and were visited at their place of residence. 42 patients, mean age 56.9 years, were able to respond to personal questions regarding social contact, loneliness and quality of life. Health care providers were the most important persons in the patients' networks. Most patients reported a satisfactory quality of life; those who lived outside institutions (N = 21) tended to be more satisfied than those in residential care, they were more socially active and had better contact with their families. The variables loneliness, satisfaction with neighbourhood and leisure activities explained 63% of the variance in quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Why are students lonely? Factors influencing loneliness in the school context].

A significant amount of children and adolescents consider themselves as lonely because their essential social needs are not sufficiently met. The present study analyzes the contributions of group acceptance reflected by the social status, of social behaviors, reciprocal friendships, and family climate to the frequency and intensity of loneliness. About 1200 students of 6th and 8th grade of secondary school in Vienna were asked about their social experiences in school. Peers filled up questionnaires about the behavior of these students. A major part of the 11- and 13-year-old students had negative social experiences in school and about 15% were suffering from these experiences and considered themselves as lonely. Lack of acceptance in the group contributed to this self appraisal as well as a lack of friends and (according to the students) little support by the family. Social behavior of lonely students was remarkable for frequent victimizations and a low level of prosocial behavior. The impact of poor group acceptance on the feeling of loneliness was transmitted by these two features of social behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Loneliness in the elderly as a social and medical problem].

The proportion of elderly people in the Czech population is increasing. Old age is often associated with loneliness, which significantly leads to a medical institutionalization. In addition to that, depression, dementia, and alcohol abuse may occur as a result and cause of further deterioration. We describe a case of a woman who has spent substantial part of the last five years of her life being hospitalized at departments of psychiatry, neurology, and internal medicine respectively. Social factors played an important role in this development. The vicious circle of loneliness, depression, and institutionalization of elderly people may be overcome in several ways, e.g. by an adequate physical, mental, and social activity, self-education, psychotherapy, outpatients nursing care, and an early diagnostics and treatment of depression.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Adolescent loneliness assessment.

The aim of the present work was to develop a loneliness scale for adolescents in order to assess their perceptions of the quality of their relationships with parents and peers. The scale was administered to 1,233 Argentine secondary school students, aged 13-16 years. Factor analyses (principal axes, oblimin solution) were conducted. Four factors were obtained, which accounted for 43.13% of the variance: Peer Rejection, Family Deficits and Parent Rejection, Personal Inadequacy, and Significant Separation. The internal consistency assessed through Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory. We believe that this proposal, which aims at evaluating the different processes that cause and are caused by a feeling of loneliness, allows for an integral approach to the issue.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The SOLINUT study: analysis of the interaction between nutrition and loneliness in persons aged over 70 years.

BACKGROUND: Insufficient nutritional status is a frequent problem in the elderly, correlated with aging, diseases, but also environmental factors in this growing part of the population. Loneliness should be one of these factors. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: the aim of the SOLINUT study was to determine the relationship between loneliness and nutritional status in persons aged over 70 years, in order to improve the detection and management of the isolated elderly at high risk of malnutrition. It was both an epidemiological and cross-sectional anthropological study, based on quantitative and qualitative nutritional and sociological investigation, carried out between March 2002 and May 2003 in 150 elderly persons (mean age 80.8 years, oldest subject 99 years) living alone at home. RESULTS: a large number of subjects had a dietary intake which was inadequate to cover their nutritional needs--42.6% less than 25 kcal/kg/day, threshold for undernutrition in the elderly--21.3% had established undernutrition, ( average in epidemiological studies in non isolated elderly populations: 3-7%)--44% were not able to carry a shopping bag weighing 5 kg and so could not buy their own food. Lastly, 32% never shared a meal with family or friends, which reveals their degree of social isolation. CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated that greater coordination between the various service providers would prevent a large number of isolated persons from failing to obtain the various allocations and services available to them. We must stress the extreme importance of preemptive intervention, by an active screening policy which could simultaneously prevent undernutrition and encourage physical activity in isolated persons to avoid their becoming "excluded recluses".

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Isolation, loneliness and suicidal ideas in the aged (author's transl)].

The relationship between various dimensions of social isolation, loneliness and suicidal ideas among a group of 406 respondents over 65 years of age were analyzed. The survey findings show that suicidal ideas emerge as a result of both, a loss of or a social denial to intimate and highly valued personal relationships. Generally, these suicidal ideas are connected to feelings of loneliness which are unrelated to the quantity of other social contacts. It seems to be of particular relevance whether the disengagement occurred voluntarily and whether the personal life style showed consistency of persistency resp. Based on these findings the fundamental problems of a social psychological approach to gerontology are discussed. These problems arise out of the more or less perfect correspondence between objective indicators of a social situation and its subjective correlates.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The relation of social isolation, loneliness, and social support to disease outcomes among the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined relations between social isolation, loneliness, and social support to health outcomes in a sample of New Mexico seniors. METHOD: We used random-digit dialing to obtain a random sample of 755 southern New Mexico seniors. Participants answered questions pertaining to demographics, social isolation and loneliness, social support, and disease diagnosis including diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, liver disease, arthritis, emphysema, tuberculosis, kidney disease, cancer, asthma, and stroke. The sample allowed for comparison of Caucasian and Hispanic participants. RESULTS: Correlational and logistic analyses indicated that belongingness support related most consistently to health outcomes. Ethnic subgroup analysis revealed similarities and differences in the pattern of associations among the predictor and outcome variables. DISCUSSION: The results demonstrate the importance of social variables for predicting disease outcomes in the elderly and across ethnic groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the UCLA loneliness scale.

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Test-retest and internal consistency reliability were found to be highly acceptable, and support for the concurrent related validity of the scale was also indicated. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the unidimensionality of the scale. Evidence was found that the scale is not multivariate normal and in fact appears to be bimodal. Implications point to the need to reconsider the nature of the loneliness construct and to develop conceptually or theoretically based models for testing.

Journal Article↗