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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Evaluating the validity of short witness reports using behavioral and psychophysiologic parameters].

Within the context of credibility assessment, the impact of behavioral and physiological adaptation and response patterns of truly and falsely testifying eyewitnesses was examined in a laboratory study. It was further examined statements concerning characteristics of the delict and the experimental situation itself. 20 subjects were instructed to truly or falsely testify after having witnessed a willful destruction. Eye movements, respiration, heart rate and skin conductance were recorded and analyzed by computer. Witnesses instructed to falsely testify showed elevated skin conductance responses and an increased variability of horizontal eye movements at the beginning of the session. Additionally, they also showed stronger responses in eye-blink rate, respiration rate and variability of skin conductance and heart rate to questions related to the behavior in the experimental situation. Reactivity to questions concerning the culprit was less pronounced. Results are discussed in terms of their application within the German law system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Neuromuscular reactions to passive movements of the arm in patients with reactive states].

The results of clinical and physiological investigation of motor activity in 30 patients with various forms of reactive states with motor inhibition are discussed. Muscular tone changes and polymorphic neurologic signs were common for all the patients. Electromyography and mechanography revealed muscular dystonia, spasticity, rigidity and different responses to muscle stretching. All pathologic organic-like signs disappeared while clinical conditions of neurotic patients improved, hence, these are regarded as functional in nature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric conditions in worker fitness and risk evaluation.

This chapter has reviewed the specific techniques of measuring fitness for work in individuals with psychiatric impairment. The discussion also considered the estimate of risk associated with various specific conditions and diagnoses. The use of psychiatric measures in work-fitness estimation is warranted in the following situations: 1. applicants with known or suspect history of psychiatric disorder; 2. employees returning to work after an episode of emotional illness or substance abuse; 3. employees referred to the medical department by management for evaluation of performance decrement, absence, abrupt indebtedness, unusual behavior, etc.; and 4. individuals evaluated for high stress or high risk jobs. Applicants' evaluations begin with a thorough medical history, a physical examination, a mental status examination, and basic laboratory studies. The personal history must include a complete work history, with particular attention paid to job duration and reasons for leaving employment. The mental status may be extended by specialized scales, e.g., the Griffiths work behavior rating scale. Unless an applicant has evidence of cognitive dysfunction, the usual battery of psychometric tests will not be helpful. Instruments that measure self-concept and ego strength, e.g., the Stotsky-Weinberg Sentence Completion Test and Miskimins Self-Goal-Other Test, may assist in resolving difficult questions about work fitness, especially in people with a history of schizophrenia. When an employee returns to work after an episode of psychiatric illness, the major questions for the occupational physician are: Is this person capable of returning to his current job? If not, what type of work is he capable of performing? In this instance, the fitness evaluation must add management data about the job to medical data about the patient. The patient-job fit is the crucial issue. For example, a socially-isolated, withdrawn paranoid schizophrenic functioned adequately for years as a third-shift computer operator. The scale of his operational responsibilities allowed him to work alone most of the time, a work environment unsatisfactory to most people but quite suitable for him. To aid in maintaining patient compliance with the treating physician's regimen, the patient should be asked to authorize release of medical information about the illness and to allow continued contact between the occupational physician and the treating doctor. Regularly scheduled follow-up visits are very helpful in maintaining patients on the job. They should include a brief interval history, an abbreviated mental status, relevant laboratory data (e.g., urine chromatography), and support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Polygraph. Council on Scientific Affairs.

The American Medical Association (AMA) Council on Scientific Affairs has reviewed the data on the validity and accuracy of polygraphy testing as it is applied today. The use of the control question technique in criminal cases is time honored and has seen much scientific study. It is established that classification of guilty can be made with 75% to 97% accuracy, but the rate of false-positives is often sufficiently high to preclude use of this test as the sole arbiter of guilt or innocence. This does not preclude using the polygraph test in criminal investigations as evidence or as another source of information to guide the investigation with full appreciation of the limitations in its use. Application of the polygraph in personnel screening, although gaining in popularity, has not been adequately validated. The few limited studies that have been performed suggest no greater accuracy for the types of testing done for this purpose than for the control question polygraph testing used in criminal cases. The effect of polygraph testing to deter theft and fraud associated with employment has never been measured, nor has its impact on employee morale and productivity been determined. Much more serious research needs to be done before the polygraph should be generally accepted for this purpose.

American Medical Association↗