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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Surgical management of pulmonary hydatid cysts in children.

BACKGROUND: Hydatid disease is common in Libya with a prevalence of 2%. Surgery of pulmonary hydatid disease remains the best treatment and aims to remove the cyst or its remnants and obliterate the residual cavity. METHODS: Forty three consecutive patients under 15 years of age were investigated by plain chest radiography, ultrasonography of the abdomen, and indirect haemagglutination tests. At thoracotomy the parasite or its remnants were removed and the bronchial fistula sutured. RESULTS: All but four of the patients were discharged within 12 days. These four had had their large cavities obliterated by purse string sutures and developed air fluid levels with cavity reformation at the cyst site. They were treated conservatively by physiotherapy and antibiotics and remained in hospital for 2-3 weeks. There was only one recurrence after three years of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary hydatid cysts in children can be treated successfully by evacuation and obliteration. The methods described can also be applied to adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Sleeping foetus?--Medicolegal consideration of an incredibly prolonged gestational period.

In Libya, sexual intercourse between an unmarried couple is unlawful even if it was consensual. The defendant in this case pleaded not guilty to the charge despite the fact that she delivered a baby 29 months after divorce. She imputed paternity of the child to her ex-husband, who denied the allegation on the grounds of the extremely long gestational period. Her claim was that the baby was conceived three months prior to divorce, but had ceased to grow for some time. Her plea was based on the widely accepted notion amongst lay people, the so-called 'sleeping foetus'. Following the medical opinion, the court dismissed the plea and the woman was convicted of unlawful sexual intercourse.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The early effects of delayed cord clamping in term infants born to Libyan mothers.

This study was conducted to evaluate the haematological effects of the timing of umbilical cord clamping in term infants 24 h after birth in Libya. Mother-infant pairs were randomly assigned to early cord clamping (within 10s after delivery) or delayed clamping (after the cord stopped pulsating). Maternal haematological status was assessed on admission in the delivery room. Infant haematological status was evaluated in cord blood and 24 h after birth. Bilirubin concentration was assessed at 24 h. 104 mother-infant pairs were randomized to delayed (n=58) or early cord clamping (n=46). At baseline the groups had similar demographic and biomedical characteristics, except for a difference in maternal haemoglobin, which was significantly higher in the early clamping group (11.7 g/dL, SD 1.3 g/dL versus 10.9 g/dL, SD 1.6 g/dL; P=0.0035). Twenty-four hours after delivery the mean infant haemoglobin level was significantly higher in the delayed clamping group (18.5 g/dL versus 17.1 g/dL; P=0.0005). No significant differences were found in clinical jaundice or plethora. Surprisingly, blood analysis showed that two babies in the early clamping group had total serum bilirubin levels (> 15 mg/dL) that necessitated phototherapy. There were no babies in the late clamping group who required phototherapy. Three infants in the delayed clamping group had polycythaemia without symptoms, for which no partial exchange transfusion was necessary. Delaying cord clamping until the pulsations stop increases the red cell mass in term infants. It is a safe, simple and low cost delivery procedure that should be incorporated in integrated programmes aimed at reducing iron deficiency anaemia in infants in developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An open study of mupirocin in Libyan patients with skin infections.

In an open study in Libya 48 patients suffering from skin infections, usually caused by staphylococci and streptococci, were treated with a new topical antibiotic, mupirocin, applied three times daily for 7 days. By day 7 of treatment 93.5% of patients were asymptomatic and were considered cured, and 100% were considered cured 1 week later. In total, 50 bacterial strains were isolated, of which, 86% were staphylococci and 14% were streptococci. Neither adverse events nor cutaneous reactions were reported. Mupirocin 2% ointment proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of primary and secondary skin infections.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Case studies of emergency management of screwworm.

Screwworm myiasis, caused by infestation of even minor wounds by the obligative parasitic larval stages of the New World screwworm (NWS) (Cochliomyia hominivorax) or Old World screwworm (OWS) (Chrysomya bezziana) flies, is a major cause of livestock morbidity and mortality in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The two parasites occur in different hemispheres but are remarkably homologous. Animal health emergencies result from the invasion of new territories by the parasites or, in the case of NWS, reinfestation of areas from which the parasite had been eradicated after great effort and expense. The author reviews the biology of the parasites and the effects of screwworm, in addition to prevention of infestation upon the introduction of animals. Examples of three programmes or events are described. The first is the eradication of previously exotic NWS from an epizootic in Libya before the parasite spread to become enzootic in the Mediterranean Basin and eventually other areas of the Eastern Hemisphere. The second example reviews the serious consequences of the extension of the range of OWS into Iraq where conditions at the time were favourable for propagation and unfavourable for control. The third example describes the NWS programme strategy in North and Central America which, for forty years, has been to progressively achieve eradication and then protection of areas from north to south on that continent, employing the sterile insect technique (SIT). Outbreaks in areas where screwworm has already been eradicated divert costly programme resources and slow progress southwards, and are considered emergencies. Some problems encountered and the solutions found during the height of the eradication programme in Mexico are described. Although to date eradication of screwworms has only been accomplished with the application of SIT, this technique alone will not eradicate the pest. The author describes other elements which are required to control or eradicate screwworms. Programmes for this highly mobile parasite encompass large geographic areas and consequently require active and continuous international participation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comment on large gender difference on death anxiety in Arab countries.

In the recent interesting and excellent article by Abdel-Khalek (2) the large mean difference between Death Anxiety Scale (6) for males and females in Lebanon was noted. I have also noted such large differences in other studies with subjects in Arab countries (1, 3, 4). These studies and that of Abdel-Khalek (2) provide a total of 12 gender differences in four different countries--Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Libya. Although these large gender differences would be notable in comparison to those of most studies in the United States or other English-speaking countries, the comparison was made with the differences provided by the two studies that presented norms and norm-like information (5, 8). These two studies contain 12 pairs of means for both sexes. Eight of the 12 Arab difference means were higher than the highest American difference mean (chi 2 = 12.00, p less than .01). The reason(s) for the larger gender differences on death anxiety are not known, but it appears reasonable to suggest that in countries in which there are large sex-role differences that likely include bravery, men would be more expected to report lower death anxiety than women. Cross-cultural and demographic research with the recently developed Death Depression Scale (7) would likely yield interesting findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Between Western Europe and the Middle East: changing patterns of Turkish labour migration.

The authors examine Turkish labor migration to Western Europe prior to 1973 and to the Middle East since that date. "The growth, organization and characteristics of these two phases in Turkish migration history are compared and contrasted. Particular emphasis is paid to the patterns of migrant worker origin and rates of emigration in the two periods. During the period 1961-73 the pattern of migration was dominated by the metropolitan and developed areas of Western Turkey. The re-direction of migration to Saudi Arabia, Libya and Iraq has been accompanied by a contraction and eastward shift in the main areas of migrant origins. Developments in the pattern of migrant worker origins are related to changes in the skill composition of the migrants and the mechanisms of the migration process. Opportunities for the employment of Turkish workers in the Arab world appear to have peaked and, although it has produced some short-term financial advantages, it has had little effect on Turkey's employment problems." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND TUR)

Africa↗
PubMed2000

D-Xylose, fat load test and antigliadin antibody in children with coeliac disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical pattern of coeliac disease in children living in the northwest coast of Libya, to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of D-Xylose, fat load test and antigliadin antibody and their correlation to each other and changes in jejunal biopsy. METHODS: A 4 year prospective study began in 1993. It includes all suspected coeliacs referred to our department for further evaluation. All have suction jejunal biopsy using Crosby capsule performed for diagnosis, screened at the same time with one hour D-Xylose, 3-5 hours urinary D-Xylose, fat load test and antigliadin antibody and followed up for 2-4 years. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 8 years. There was no significant correlation between D-Xylose, fat load test and antigliadin antibody. Antigliadin antibody has 87.5% sensitivity and 50% specificity in this study. Three hours urinary D-Xylose has 93% sensitivity where as one hour D-Xylose has 82% sensitivity and only 25% specificity, whereas fat load test has 69% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Blood and urinary D-Xylose and fat load tests are not useful for diagnosing coeliac disease. They have no correlation to each other or to jejunal histology. Antigliadin antibody is superior to the above tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Concealing and denying the plague].

Some examples are given of plague epidemics which have been negated or dissimulated in order to avoid isolation and quarantine: epidemics of Marseille (1720), San Francisco (1900), Mauretania (1963-1967), Libya and Egypt (1984).

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2001

In vitro activity of 6 antifungal agents on candida species isolated as causative agents from vaginal and other clinical specimens.

OBJECTIVE: To study the susceptibility pattern of candida species isolated from various clinical specimens to common usable antifungals in Libya. METHODS: Two hundred and four candida species were isolated from patients complaining of fungal infections gathered from vaginal swabs, nails, throat, hair and ear. Yeast isolates were identified to the species level by API 20C AUX Commercial system. The in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, nystatin, ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole and econazole was determined using the macrodilution in broth method. RESULTS: Candida albicans was the most common isolated species from vaginal and Candida tropicalis from throat swabs. On the other hand Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii were more often isolated from the ear and hair. Candida krusei and Candida fomata were only isolated from vulvaginitis in this study. In vitro sensitivity showed that most of the isolates were inhibited at optimum ranges of minimal inhibitory concentration particularly with amphotericin B and nyastatin. On the other hand resistance strains of candida species were found against the 4 azoles antifungal agents. CONCLUSION: Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata are among the most common cause of vaginitis among Libyan females. Amphotericin B, nystatin and clotrimazole were the most effective antifungals against most isolates in this study. Fungicidal effect was obtained with most antifungals at higher concentrations.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The labor force and urbanization in the Middle East: analysis and policy.

"The purpose of this paper is to describe and comment on the labor force movements in the Middle East with particular reference to the implications of these flows for the process of urbanization in the region. [The author deals] with both international transfers of labor and internal movements of labor to urban communities." The international flow of labor in the Middle East in general is first examined, and a classification scheme is outlined to identify the major differences that exist within the region. Internal labor force migration is then analyzed using data for Libya. The final sections of the paper deal with data collection and policy issues.

Africa↗
PubMed1987

Population growth of small towns in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

The rapid population growth of small towns in Libya is examined, and future prospects are considered. "Their growth can be attributed to natural increase, internal migration and the influx of foreigners, all of which factors have been stimulated by the State. The paper provides detailed data on the growth and development of small towns and the changes occurring in the overall distribution and density of the Libyan population. The reasons behind the growth and sometimes the demise of individual towns are examined."

Africa↗
PubMed1992

Intellectual and developmental assessment of cerebral palsy cases in Libyan city.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the pattern of cerebral palsy (CP) cases seen at Children's Hospital, benghazi, Libya, in respect of age and sex distribution and developmental outcome according to the type of CP and in various diseases. 60 children both male and female with CP were examined for developmental and intellectual impairment responsible for severe learning and psychomotor disabilities and to their linguistic disorder. Diagnosis of CP was made by a detailed history, physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations. Intellectual and developmental assessment of all CP cases were done by psychometry. CPs are motor syndromes, and not diseases. They are commonly associated with sensory or cognitive defects and epilepsies. The CP children when compared with normal are significant at 0.01 level of significance IQ's and DQ's. Only 8% children with mild to borderline intellectual impairment had mild speech delay an darticulation defects, and showed learning disability. 40% children with sensory disorder had variations from moderate to borderline intellectual subnormality and 36% children with birth asphyxia had delayed milestones thought were felt to have motor problems initially.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The first isolation of Dermatophilus congolensis van Saceghem 1913 in Czechoslovakia].

The authors present a report on the first detection of the strain Dermatophilus congolensis in Czechoslovakia. The strain was isolated from ulcerations on the dorsal part of the foot of a 47-year-old patient who previously worked for several years in Libya. Based on examinations of smears from cultures of an isolated strain and four strains from a collection, from experimental dermatofilosis of a rabbit the authors describe the micromorphology of strains of D. congolensis under a light and electron microscope (transmission an and raster microscope). They describe the colonial morphology, haemolytic properties and in particular detail the haemolytic interaction of strains of D. congolensis with Streptococcus agalactiae, Rhodococcus equi and with strains of S. aureus (monoproducers of beta-haemolysin and delta-haemolysin resp.). They assessed the sensitivity of strains of D. congolensis to some staphylococcal bacteriocin-like substances.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2004

The diagnostic value of C-reactive protein, white blood cell count and neutrophil percentage in childhood appendicitis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the value of C-reactive protein (CRP), total white blood cell count (WBC), and neutrophil percentage in the diagnosis of suspected cases of childhood appendicitis. METHODS: Prospective study of 216 patients admitted with a history of suspected acute appendicitis, between October 2001 through to May 2002, Al Fateh Teaching Hospital for Children, Benghazi, Libya. Blood samples for estimation of CRP, total WBC and neutrophil percentage were sent immediately to the laboratory. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were calculated, for each test and in combination. RESULTS: There were 139 male and 77 female patients, the age range was 3-13-years, 135 patients were operated. Those who had appendicitis, we had 114 patients with positive CRP values of more than (8 microgram/ml), and 109 patients had total WBC count of more than (11,000/microL), and 111 patients with neutrophil percentage more of than 75%. One hundred and twelve patients out of 130 with appendicitis had the triple tests positive, and only 8 out of 86 patients without appendicitis had the triple tests positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the 3 tests in combination were 86%, 90.7%, 93% 81.2%. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the clinical symptoms and signs combined with the triple tests can improve the diagnostic accuracy and significantly reduce the incidence of perforation and the rate of negative laparotomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Changing pattern of neonatal bacteremia. Microbiology and antibiotic resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the most important causative agents of bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); their changing distribution and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns over a 5-year period. METHODS: This study was performed between January 1997 and January 2001 at the Microbiology Section, Tripoli Medical Center, Tripoli, Libya. During this period 1431 Oxoid Signal Blood Cultures sets were obtained from 1092 NICU with suspected bacteremia. Conventional methods, API 20 E and API 20 NE were used to identify the isolated bacteria. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was performed to assess their antibiotic susceptibilities in accordance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. RESULTS: During the study period, 801 sets out of the total 1431 blood cultures were positive for microbial growth, which represented 648 cases of neonatal bacteremia from a total of 1092 cases. From the total number of isolates, the members of Enterobacteriaceae Serratia, Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp were the most common cause of bacteremia. The coagulase negative and positive Staphylococci were also frequently isolated. A changing pattern of causative pathogen was observed during this study between members of the 3 leading genera of Enterobacteriaceae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed a high level of resistance among the most common pathogens. Resistance to aztreonam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam was less frequently encountered. Staphylococcus resistance to anti-staphylococcal antibiotic and due to hyperproduction of penicillinase enzyme was also high and all isolates were remained sensitive to vancomycin. CONCLUSION: Gram-negative bacteria especially members of the Enterobacteriaceae are important causes of bacteremia in NICUs. Although most isolates remain sensitive to the new antibiotics, emergence of resistant strains cannot be excluded in the future. For that reason, new strategies and continuous surveillance are required to monitor the changing epidemiology of pathogens, antibiotic susceptibilities and antibiotic use needed to overcome the increasing incidence of resistance to conventional drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence and pattern of renal osteodystrophy in chronic hemodialysis patients: a cross sectional study of 103 patients.

This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of renal osteodystrophy (ROD) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in Tripoli, Libya. A total of 103 randomly selected patients, of whom 53% were males, were investigated. Their mean age was 47.6 +/- 12.5 years. They were on dialysis for a mean duration of 6.2 +/- 4.3 years. Pre-dialysis serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, total calcium and phosphate were measured in all the patients. Depending on serum iPTH levels, the patients were divided into three groups: hyperparathyroid bone disease (iPTH > 450 pg/ml), adynamic bone disease (iPTH < 60 pg/ml), and a group with apparently normal bone (iPTH 60 pg/ml to 450 pg/ml). As a whole, the mean serum levels of iPTH, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and corrected total calcium were high in all study patients (373.7 pg/ml, 251.3 ng/ml, 254.9 IU/l, and 9.9 mg/dl respectively). The prevalence of ROD among these patients was 55.3%. Of these, 29 (28.1%) had laboratory evidence of hyperparathyroid bone disease, while 28 patients (27.1%) had laboratory evidence of adynamic bone disease. In only 18 patients, (17.4%) the serum levels of iPTH were within the target range recommended by the K/DOQI guidelines (150-300 pg/ml). This cross sectional study, albeit in a limited number of patients, shows that the prevalence of ROD in our institution is high, possibly because of inadequate patient monitoring and lack of insight into ROD among both patients and physicians.

Adult↗