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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Improving access to computer-based library and drug information services in patient-care areas.

A project to increase access to drug and biomedical information through electronic linkage of drug information and library services to three patient-care areas is described. In February 1987, microcomputer work stations were installed in the Bexar County Hospital District's hospital emergency department, medical residents' office, and ambulatory-care clinic, as well as in The University of Texas Health Science Center's library reference area and drug information service office. Drug information was available on compact disk through the Micromedex Computerized Clinical Information System (CCIS) database, which includes DRUGDEX, POISINDEX, EMERGINDEX, and IDENTIDEX. Each work station was also connected to the library's computer via modem, allowing access to the Library Information System, books, journals, audiovisual materials, miniMEDLINE, and an electronic mail system. During the six-month project, the system was used 5487 times by 702 people. The system was successful in providing drug and other information in clinical settings and in introducing clinical staff members to new information technology. To increase access to the system after the project ended, the CD-ROM version was discontinued, and the distributed tape version of CCIS for VAX computers was added to the library's online information system, making drug information more available throughout the campus and teaching hospitals. In 1988-89 an average of 200 people accessed the tape version of CCIS each month. Although it is difficult to replace the convenience of an onsite library, at least some drug and biomedical information needs in the clinical setting can be met through computer networking.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

A new method of estimating volume during powder compaction and the work of compaction on a rotary tablet press from measurements of applied vertical force.

The volume per unit mass of a powder bed, V', during compaction on a rotary tablet press has been expressed as a function of pressure, P using a modification of Kawakita's equation: V = (V'o-V')P'/(P+P') + V', where V'o, V' and P' constitute a set of unique values for a given powder or powder mix under specified tableting conditions. The volume, V, is determined from the machine deformation constant which is the relationship between applied vertical force and the deformation of the tablet press and the punches. An iterative method is described which allows the determination of V'o, V' and P' from the slope and intercept of V vs 1/(P+P') where all values are evaluated at peak pressure. By substituting these values into the equation, the volume of a given powder bed during compaction up to peak pressure can be accurately predicted from the pressure vs time curve. This method of estimating volume and hence punch displacement, is much simpler than an earlier analytical method which was derived from direct measurements of punch displacement under running conditions. Since volume is an explicit function of pressure, the work of compaction is also a function of pressure. Estimates of the work of compaction are in good agreement with values calculated using our previous method. Values of V'o, V' and P' are reported for 35 pharmaceutical materials and could be incorporated into a database library of drugs and tableting excipients. This database could then be used for the quality control of incoming raw materials (batch to batch assessment) and for the comparison of materials from alternative sources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Mathematics↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of statistical methods used in library-based approaches to microbial source tracking.

Several commonly used statistical methods for fingerprint identification in microbial source tracking (MST) were examined to assess the effectiveness of pattern-matching algorithms to correctly identify sources. Although numerous statistical methods have been employed for source identification, no widespread consensus exists as to which is most appropriate. A large-scale comparison of several MST methods, using identical fecal sources, presented a unique opportunity to assess the utility of several popular statistical methods. These included discriminant analysis, nearest neighbour analysis, maximum similarity and average similarity, along with several measures of distance or similarity. Threshold criteria for excluding uncertain or poorly matched isolates from final analysis were also examined for their ability to reduce false positives and increase prediction success. Six independent libraries used in the study were constructed from indicator bacteria isolated from fecal materials of humans, seagulls, cows and dogs. Three of these libraries were constructed using the rep-PCR technique and three relied on antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA). Five of the libraries were constructed using Escherichia coli and one using Enterococcus spp. (ARA). Overall, the outcome of this study suggests a high degree of variability across statistical methods. Despite large differences in correct classification rates among the statistical methods, no single statistical approach emerged as superior. Thresholds failed to consistently increase rates of correct classification and improvement was often associated with substantial effective sample size reduction. Recommendations are provided to aid in selecting appropriate analyses for these types of data.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Construction of primary and subtracted cDNA libraries from early embryos.

By modifying current cDNA cloning and electroporation methods, large and representative murine cDNA libraries were synthesized from 10 to 100 ng mRNA isolated from unfertilized egg and preimplantation mouse embryos. High cloning efficiency is essential for complete representation of genes expressed in egg and preimplantation embryos and for the isolation of stage-specific genes using subtractive hybridization. Because the mouse embryo contains no more than 50 pg of poly(A)+ mRNA at any stage of preimplantation development, approximately 5000-10,000 embryos are required to obtain enough mRNA to synthesize libraries using current methods. To obtain a representative library that also includes rare transcripts, the size of the library should be at least 10(6) clones. The average percent conversion of mRNA to single-stranded cDNA was 20-40%, so that a cloning efficiency of nearly 2 x 10(8) cfu/microgram cDNA is required for such a cDNA library. No previous methods have provided directional cloning of cDNA into plasmids with these high efficiencies. The advent of electroporation methods for the introduction of nucleic acids into bacteria has made possible the use of standard plasmid vectors for high-efficiency cDNA cloning. Plasmid vectors are currently available that can accommodate the directional cloning of cDNA such that T7 and T3 RNA polymerase promoter sequences can be used to generate sense and anti-sense transcripts for subtractive hybridization and riboprobe synthesis. The cDNA libraries we derived using this methodology are a reusable and abundant source of genetic information about the control of preimplantation development. Specialized subtractive cDNA libraries enriched for genes expressed exclusively at a predetermined time in development give access to genes expressed in a stage-specific manner. The ability to construct new cDNA libraries from limited amounts of starting material ensures the provision of new and important resources for the identification and study of novel genes or gene families, and it is an important new tool for understanding the molecular control of mammalian development.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Random cloning of genes from mouse chromosome 17.

We describe a method for isolating cosmid clones randomly from mouse chromosome 17. A cosmid library was constructed from the mouse-Chinese hamster cell line R4 4-1 that contains a limited amount of mouse DNA (chromosomes 17 and 18 and some other unidentified material) on a Chinese hamster background. The library was screened with the murine repetitive sequence probe pMBA14, which selectively hybridizes with mouse DNA. The mouse-derived cosmid clones thus identified were individually hybridized with DNA from the mouse-Syrian hamster cell line JS17 containing all mouse chromosomes except chromosome 17 on a Syrian hamster background. We deduced that the cosmid clones that contained sequences absent in JS17 were derived from mouse chromosome 17. One of the chromosome 17-derived cosmid clones, 3-4-1 (located proximal to the T122/T66C segment) was found to be highly polymorphic among European wild-mouse populations and may be a useful probe to elucidate the evolution and migration of Mus species. The randomly isolated mouse-derived cosmid clones can also be screened for the presence of functional genes. Using testicular cDNA as a probe, a testis-specific gene was cloned from mouse chromosome 17.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Selective suppression of polymerase chain reaction].

The selective suppression of the polymerase chain reaction and methods based upon it (construction of cDNA libraries from low amounts of biological material, subtractive hybridization and differential display of mRNA, fast cloning of full-size cDNA, chromosome walking, cloning in vitro, and others) are reviewed. These methods display a high effectiveness and, taken together, enable intricate DNA analyses to be performed--from the search for nontrivial sequences to the total sequencing of the corresponding genes.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1967

The National Library of Medicine's services: initial observations on indexing, interlibrary loan, and reference.

How have the three services-indexing, reference (including history of medicine), and interlibrary loan-been provided throughout the years by NLM, and how have they been used? At the present time of great growth and development, the use of the computer has influenced these services and will continue to figure prominently in plans for the future. NLM's services often have not been well or correctly used by its public, even by librarians. Some of its services, however, need to be provided in more depth and on a higher scale, and they should be publicized more widely. History shows that NLM has been faithful to its basic charge and has gone far beyond it in its service to the medical, educational, and library communities. Medical librarians are most fortunate that such a great national resource exists to provide materials and services to fulfill the needs of their libraries.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

Microbial community diversity associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling in permeable shelf sediments.

Though a large fraction of primary production and organic matter cycling in the oceans occurs on continental shelves dominated by sandy deposits, the microbial communities associated with permeable shelf sediments remain poorly characterized. Therefore, in this study, we provide the first detailed characterization of microbial diversity in marine sands of the South Atlantic Bight through parallel analyses of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (Bacteria), nosZ (denitrifying bacteria), and amoA (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) sequences. Communities were analyzed by parallel DNA extractions and clone library construction from both sediment core material and manipulated sediment within column experiments designed for geochemical rate determinations. Rapid organic-matter degradation and coupled nitrification-denitrification were observed in column experiments at flow rates resembling in situ conditions over a range of oxygen concentrations. Numerous SSU rRNA phylotypes were affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria (classes Alpha-, Delta-, and Gammaproteobacteria), Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Detectable sequence diversity of nosZ and SSU rRNA genes increased in stratified redox-stabilized columns compared to in situ sediments, with the Alphaproteobacteria comprising the most frequently detected group. Alternatively, nitrifier communities showed a relatively low and stable diversity that did not covary with the other gene targets. Our results elucidate predominant phylotypes that are likely to catalyze carbon and nitrogen cycling in marine sands. Although overall diversity increased in response to redox stabilization and stratification in column experiments, the major phylotypes remained the same in all of our libraries, indicating that the columns sufficiently mimic in situ conditions.

Atlantic Ocean↗
PubMed1978

Recommended data elements for the descriptive cataloging of computer-based educational materials in the health sciences.

A large part of the mission of the National Library of Medicine is to collect, index, and disseminate the world's biomedical literature. Until recently, this related only to serial and monographic material, but as new forms of information appear responsibility for bibliographic control of these also must be assumed by the National Library of Medicine. This paper briefly describes the type of information that will be necessary before descriptive cataloging of computer-based educational materials can be attempted.

Cataloging↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of the human HOX 7 cDNA and identification of polymorphic markers.

cDNA clones for a human HOX 7 gene obtained with homologous clones of Drosophila were used in human gene mapping studies. The human cDNA clone was isolated from a library constructed from human embryonic craniofacial material. The sequence of the cDNA demonstrates significant homology with mouse HOX 7. A search for RFLPs identified MboII and BstEII variants. A CA dinucleotide repeat with 5 alleles was also identified and allowed placement of HOX 7 into a defined linkage map. Evidence for linkage disequilibrium was found with markers tested. These results place the human HOX 7 gene in a defined position on 4p.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of 37 single-copy DNA probes from human chromosome 6 and physical mapping of 11 probes by in situ hybridization.

Fifty-five single-copy DNA probes were isolated from the library LL06NS01, which was constructed from a complete HindIII digest of a flow-sorted human chromosome 6. Because chromosomes from a human x Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrid were used as the starting material for the flow-sorting, the library could be expected to contain some contaminating Chinese hamster DNA as well as DNA from human chromosomes other than 6. Thirty-seven of the 55 probes, however, were shown to map to human chromosome 6 by Southern blot hybridization with DNA from a panel of somatic cell hybrids. Eleven of the probes were mapped further by in situ hybridization. Four probes were localized to the short arm of chromosome 6, six to the long arm, and one to the centromeric region.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Isolation of a potentially functional HPRT processed pseudogene from the hill kangaroo Macropus robustus.

A highly conserved hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase processed pseudogene (KPH) has been isolated from a female kangaroo (Macropus robustus) lambda EMBL3 genomic library. The pseudogene contains only transcribed material with all of the introns precisely removed and has possible direct repeats at either end of the message. It has a 654-nucleotide open reading frame (ORF) from the Met start codon to the stop codon that contains no additions, deletions or premature stops relative to expressed HPRT genes and, therefore, the possibility exists that it is expressed in vivo. Possible CAAT and GC boxes are present in the region 5' to the ORF and a polyadenylation signal is present in the region 3' to the ORF. If not expressed, the age of the pseudogene is estimated to be 10.7 million years. We propose that integration into the genome occurred specifically in a homocopolymeric region within a highly repeated region unique to the kangaroo genome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of nanoparticle libraries for biosensing.

Magnetic and magnetofluorescent nanoparticles have become important materials for biological applications especially for sensing, separation, and imaging. To achieve target specificity, these nanomaterials are often covalently modified with binding proteins such as antibodies or proteins. Here we report on the creation of nanoparticle libraries that achieve specificity through multivalent modification with small molecules. We explore different synthetic routes to attach small molecules with anhydride, amine, hydroxyl carboxyl, thiol, and epoxy handles. We show that the derived nanomaterials have unique biological functions, possess different behaviors in cell screens, and can be used as substrates for biological screens.

Amines↗
PubMed1973

MLA Exchange and medical libaries in India.

The paper deals with problems in obtaining single issues and complete volumes of medical periodicals through the international exchanges, mainly the Medical Library Association Exchange. It describes in detail how St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, acquires exchange material. It stresses the need to make the MLA Exchange known to those libraries which are presently unaware of its existence. Means of shipping exchange materials in the United States and Canada are also discussed.

Canada↗
PubMed1971

Writing the building program: the signifiance of "AND".

Various requirements in the writing of a building program are discussed, by which the various parts of the library can function together. The interrelationship of functions, services, users, and materials should be carefully studied and diagrammed. The various groups involved in the library should be consulted for suggestions, and present procedures examined for value.

Architecture↗
PubMed1977

Library management in the tight budget seventies. Problems, challenges, and opportunities.

This paper examines changes in the management of university, special, and medical libraries brought about by the budget curtailments that followed the more affluent funding period of the mid-1960s. Based on a study conducted for the National Science Foundation by the Indiana University Graduate Library School, this paper deals with misconceptions that have arisen in the relationship between publishers and librarians, and differentiates between the priority perceptions of academic and of special librarians in the allocation of progressively scarcer resources. It concludes that libraries must make strong efforts to reduce the growing erosion of materials acquisitions budgets because of growing labor costs as a percentage of all library expenditures; that they must make a working reality of the resource-sharing mechanisms established through consortia and networks; and that they must use advanced evaluative techniques in the determination of which services and programs to implement, expand, and retain, and which to curtail and abandon.

Economics↗