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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

An in situ study on the comparison of fluoride uptake and bond strength of composite resin on fluoridated enamel.

The aim of this in situ study was to compare the fluoride uptake and composite resin bond strength on enamel fluoridated with Duraphat (2.26 wt% fluoride). Six enamel specimens were prepared from the labial surfaces of 39 bovine incisors. The enamel samples were embedded into epoxy resin, and ground flat (800 grit). One specimen served as negative control (no fluoride treatment). The other samples were fluoridated with Duraphat for 24 hours under moist conditions, and one of them served as positive control. The remaining four samples were inserted in both buccal aspects (with a total of 12 samples originating from 3 teeth) of 13 intraoral mandibular appliances. The appliances were worn by 13 persons for a period of 6 days, 24 hours per day. The samples were also brushed twice a day, in situ, with a fluoride-free toothpaste. During meals, the appliances were stored in saline. After in situ periods of 36, 72, 108, and 144 hours, three samples each were remounted. One specimen was used for analysis of both alkali-soluble and acquired fluoride. The other two specimens served for shear bond strength testing of a light-cured composite resin. While the KOH-soluble fluoride increased significantly (p < 0.001, ANOVA) after application of the fluoride lacquer and decreased slowly with time, both the acquired fluoride and bond strengths of the composite resin did not differ significantly from the non- and fluoridated controls. The application of highly concentrated fluoride lacquers results in an increase of alkali-soluble fluoride, but does not adversely affect enamel bond strength of composite resin.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2003

[2 cases of acute retrobulbar neuritis by thinner inhalation; detected methanol of high concentration in gas phase assay].

We encountered two cases of acute retrobulbar neuritis due to lacquer thinner vapor sniffing. Two men, aged 21 and 23, had been addicted to thinner sniffing for many years. After they became conscious of their symptoms of slight visual disturbance, they continued the sniffing for several days until they lost their vision. The diagnoses of acute retrobulbar neuritis were obtained from their signs and clinical examinations. They recovered to some extent with injection of steroids and vitamin B complex administration, but still had severe impairment of visual acuity. Lacquer thinner is a mixture of solvents, and toluene is usually the main component of the thinner solution. Therefore, in the addiction to thinner sniffing, symptoms and signs of thinner intoxication are considered mainly to be the results of toluene inhalation. However, in our analysis of the thinner gas with gas chromatography, it was revealed that the main component of the gas phase of the thinner was methanol, accounting for as much as 60,000 ppm of the gas. We consider that in the thinner vapor sniffing, they are inhalating mainly methanol, not toluene.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Fundus analysis and visual prognosis of macular hemorrhage in pathological myopia without choroidal neovasculopathy.

PURPOSE: To analysis and evaluate the fundus characteristics and visual prognosis of macular hemorrhage in pathological myopia without choroidal neovasculopathy. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients (38 eyes) of pathological myopia with macular hemorrhage and without choroidal neovascularization (CNV) underwent color photograph and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) examinations. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was also performed on 11 patients (11 eyes). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 21 months. RESULTS: The macular hemorrhage in pathological myopia without CNV demonstrated oval, less than 1PD, without edema and exudation. Lacquer cracks appeared at the site of previous subretinal bleeding in 84.2% of the eyes. The visual acuities were improved in 81.6% of eyes during the follow-up period. ICGA revealed linear hypofluorescence in 7 of 11 eyes (63.6%), indicating a ruptured Bruch's membrance at the onset of subretinal bleeding. CONCLUSION: A rupture of choriocapillaris complex and Bruch's membrane causes macular hemorrhage of pathological myopia without CNV, leading to the formation of a new lacquer crack. Its prognosis is favorable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Management of onychomycosis: examining the role of monotherapy and dual, triple, or quadruple therapies.

The high prevalence of onychomycosis warrants effective lasting treatment. Currently available monotherapeutic options in the United States include surgical or chemical nail avulsion/debridement, a topical antifungal nail lacquer, and systemic antifungal agents. Failure to respond to therapy and relapse rates of approximately 25% to 50% both point to the need for a shift in the approach to treating this chronic disease. In vitro data indicate synergistic and additive effects when combining certain antifungal agents, eg, ciclopirox and terbinafine. Clinical reports suggest that combining topical and oral antifungal agents (eg, ciclopirox nail lacquer and oral terbinafine), administered for a shortened duration compared with the standard regimen, may yield cure rates as good as, if not better than, the indicated oral monotherapy regimen. Drug penetration to different parts of the nail unit and complimentary modes of action may contribute to the success of combination therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Different physicochemical properties of antimycotic agents are relevant for penetration into and through human nails.

This article reports the characterization of the physicochemical properties of two important antifungal topical drugs, amorolfine and ciclopirox. Furthermore, the release of the drugs from commercial lacquer formulations for treatment of onychomycosis was studied using the online FTIR-ATR technique. Based on the physicochemical background of these two drugs and their release from commercial lacquer formulations for treatment of onychomycosis, the suitability of these drugs for optimized local antifungal therapy to human nails is discussed. Amorolfine appears to be more suitable for drug delivery to human nails because it penetrates into the nails via the hydrophilic pathway. Furthermore amorolfine penetrates very well into fungal cells, due to the pH value of the nail, as well as the pKa value of this antimycotic agent and the lipophilic properties of its base form.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of water on the binding firmness of construction materials in fixed aesthetic prostheses].

The authors investigated the problem of the effect of a damp environment on the mechanical properties of aesthetic materials used for fixed prostheses (top lacques Conalor and polymethylmetacrylate resin Superpont C and B). For tests they used bodies made from chromium cobalt alloy with two types of retention--R-polymer and loop. In the combination metal-resin the differences of values are significant, when the top lacquer Conalor is used, the changes of values are not so maded to be statistically significant. A traction test of bodies prepared from Superpont C + B wal also to assess the range of firmness in relation to the period of storage in distilled water. The authors found an increase of the range of firmness within one week and a marked decline after two weeks. The performed tests provided evidence of a rise of the binding firmness due to the absorption by the resin, and confirmed the stabilized behaviour of the lacquer Conalor.

Chromium Alloys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of an improved method of comparative dispersion of birefringence for research on dental enamel mineralization].

A number of modifications were made in the double refraction comparative dispersion techniques, permitting a quantitative analysis of apatites. These modifications are related to some features of monochromator employment, to the method of the compensator graduation, and to the mathematical processing of the measurement results, and they have essentially simplified the original technique and made it more reliable. The study has revealed that applications of 3% remodent solution followed by coating the teeth with 3% remodent-containing cyanacrylate lacquer increase calcium content in the enamel by 1.03-1.28%. Treatment with fluoride lacquer results in a lesser rise of Ca content, and single applications of 3% remodent solution are conducive to but a negligible increase of Ca content in the enamel surface layer only within the first day after exposure. Combined application of remineralization means increased phosphorus content in the enamel surface layer as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Chemical and physical reactions during the drying process of paints and their impact on indoor air quality].

Taking six different cases of paint application indoors (three "do-it-yourself" workers and three professional painters), the maximum solvent concentration to be expected in the indoor air is calculated. The results of gas chromatographic determinations of the emission of solvents from paints and lacquers and of old lacquer layers are used to show that the paints offered today to a wide extent fulfill the requirements of a protection of the environment and do not represent a danger to the user and the inhabitant of a room provided that one is ready to follow the instructions and security advices. The importance of a sufficient air exchange rate is stressed.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1996

Neurological and neurophysiological examinations of workers occupationally exposed to organic solvent mixtures used in the paint and varnish production.

The aim of this work was to examine the nervous system of workers chronically exposed to mixtures of organic solvent at concentrations within or slightly exceeding the MAC values, used in the manufacture of paints and lacquers. The tests were performed on a group of 175 people, 107 men aged 22-59 (x = 41.25), and 68 women aged 20-55 (x = 38.62). The period of employment was x = 17.34 years and cumulative dose index 16.97 for males; for females, the corresponding values were x = 14.75 and x = 11.42, respectively. The control group included 175 people (107 men and 68 women) not exposed to chemicals matched according to sex, age, and work shift distribution. The neurological examinations included subjective and objective examinations of the nervous system, electroencephalographic (EEG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) evaluations. The assessment of organic solvent exposure was performed according to the method described in PN89/Z-04008/07, and the solvent mixtures were shown to contain xylenes, ethyltoluenes, trimethylbenzenes, propylbenzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, aliphatic hydrocarbons and the components of painter's naphtha. The most frequent complaints among the exposed males included headache, vertigo, concentration difficulties, sleep disorders, sleepiness during the day, increased emotional irritability, mood swings with a tendency to anxiety. The objective neurological examinations did not reveal organic lesions in the central or peripheral nervous systems. Generalised and paroxysmal changes were most common recordings in the abnormal EEG. VEP examinations revealed abnormalities, primarily in the latency of the response evoked. The results of this study suggest that exposures to concentrations within MAC values, or below 1.5 of the MAC values of organic solvents mixtures used in the manufacture of paints and lacquers produce subclinical health effect in the nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Parental occupational exposures to chemicals and incidence of neuroblastoma in offspring.

To evaluate the effects of parental occupational chemical exposures on incidence of neuroblastoma in offspring, the authors conducted a multicenter case-control study, using detailed exposure information that allowed examination of specific chemicals. Cases were 538 children aged 19 years who were newly diagnosed with confirmed neuroblastoma in 1992-1994 and were registered at any of 139 participating hospitals in the United States and Canada. One age-matched control for each of 504 cases was selected through random digit dialing. Self-reported exposures were reviewed by an industrial hygienist, and improbable exposures were reclassified. Effect estimates were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for child's age and maternal demographic factors. Maternal exposures to most chemicals were not associated with neuroblastoma. Paternal exposures to hydrocarbons such as diesel fuel (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 2.6), lacquer thinner (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.8), and turpentine (OR = 10.4; 95% CI: 2.4, 44.8) were associated with an increased incidence of neuroblastoma, as were exposures to wood dust (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.8, 2.8) and solders (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 0.9, 7.1). The detailed exposure information available in this study has provided additional clues about the role of parental occupation as a risk factor for neuroblastoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Eyelid dermatitis: a report of 215 patients.

Between April 2001 and October 2003, 215 persons presented with eyelid dermatitis for the first time. They ranged in age from 4 months to 95 years, with an average age of 49.6 years and a median age of 51 years. There were 173 females and 42 males. 165 of 215 had allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and another 9 had protein contact dermatitis without relevant positive patch tests. Atopic eczema comprised 37 of 215 (17%), but 33 of 37 also had contact allergies. Seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis or both were found in 35 (16%). Sources of ACD included personal care products in 54 (25%), including 12 with at least 1 positive patch test to cosmetic applicators and 12 sensitive to at least 1 botanical ingredient. Allergy to artificial nails and/or nail lacquer occurred in 18 of 215 (8%). 5 persons had rosacea or periorbital dermatitis, and 2 had dermatomyositis. Other causes included bacterial, fungal and viral infections, some of which were quite unusual. The evaluation of persons presenting with eyelid dermatitis remains a relatively complex but rewarding discipline.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Liver injury in subjects occupationally exposed to chemicals in low doses.

The hepatic injury developing during occupational exposure to chemicals was investigated in 23 male patients, aged 23-49 years, by comparing case histories, liver function tests, hepatic microsomal enzyme activities in vivo and in vitro with histology. The subjects, 15 chemical industry workers and 8 painters, had disturbed liver tests after years of exposure to solvents, paints and lacquers. Characteristic for the patients was a 2-4-fold increase in serum aminotransferases associated with normal liver or reactive hepatitis with or without fatty liver. All patients, except subjects with fatty change, had metabolically active liver which was reflected as adaptive and toxic changes in cellular ultrastructure. The biochemical liver tests normalized within 3-6 weeks after cessation of the exposure. The findings demonstrate that occupational exposure to chemical solvents may insidiously damage the liver. The injury is detectable by biochemical, metabolic and histological investigations in the early phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Isocyanate exposure and hypersensitivity pneumonitis--report of a probable case and prevalence of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies among exposed individuals.

A car painter experienced three episodes of a hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like disease after exposure to two-component acrylic lacquers with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as the curing agent. High titers of HDI-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies were found in the patient's serum by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the ELISA, 5 to 10% of the sera from 455 isocyanate-exposed but asymptomatic workers were positive, depending on the criterion used for a positive test, whereas 0% of the sera from 157 unexposed referents was found to be positive. Among 10 subjects with isocyanate-induced asthma and isocyanate-specific IgE antibodies, 50% had specific IgG. It was concluded that the presence of isocyanate-specific IgG antibodies in serum is correlated with isocyanate exposure rather than with symptoms of isocyanate-induced disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The allergens in cosmetics.

The ingredients responsible for allergy to cosmetics were determined in 119 patients suffering from cosmetic-related contact dermatitis. Most reactions (56.3%) were caused by skin care products, followed by nail cosmetics (13.4%), perfumes (8.4%), and hair cosmetics (5.9%). Preservatives were most frequently implicated (32.0%), followed by fragrances (26.5%) and emulsifiers (14.3%). By far the most important cosmetic allergen was Kathon CG, (a preservative system containing, as active ingredients, a mixture of methylisothiazolinone and methyl chloroisothiazolinone) reacting in 33 patients (27.7%). Other frequent causes of cosmetic-related contact allergic reactions were toluenesulfonamide/formaldehyde resin in nail hardener and/or nail lacquer (15 patients [12.6%]), and oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, an emulsifier in baby body lotion (13 patients [10.9%]).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Giant axonal swelling in "huffer's" neuropathy.

A young man with a long history of "huffing" of lacquer thinner developed toxic peripheral neuropathy. Clinical improvement occurred several weeks after cessation of exposure. Substantial slowing in nerve conduction was noted. Sural nerve biopsy specimen showed (1) giant axonal swelling, (2) axonal degeneration, and (3) an increased paranodal gap. We believe that "huffer's" neuropathy is a primary axonal neuropathy with secondary demyelination.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Visual impairment due to macular disciform scars in a 20-year-old man with Smith-Magenis syndrome: another ophthalmologic complication.

We describe a 20-year-old man with Smith-Magenis syndrome and a 46,XY,del(17)(p11.2p11.2) karyotype. The interstitial deletion was confirmed by metaphase analysis using the fluorescent in situ hybridization probe (D17S29) for the Smith-Magenis region. The patient had hypertelorism, exotropia, and high myopia. Examination under anesthesia showed a lacquer crack near the right macula and a disciform scar of the left macula. Six months later, the patient presented with subacute visual loss. Examination demonstrated end-stage macula degeneration with bilateral disciform scars. There was no evidence of retinal detachment. Prior reports of Smith-Magenis syndrome mention telecanthus, ptosis, strabismus, iris anomalies, cataract, microcornea, optic nerve hypoplasia, myopia, retinal detachment, and lattice retinal degeneration. Bilateral macular degeneration has not been reported previously, and it may be an additional ophthalmologic manifestation of Smith-Magenis syndrome, either as a primary manifestation or as a direct consequence of high myopia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2000

Incidence of occupational asthma by occupation and industry in Finland.

BACKGROUND: Systematic research on occupation or industry-specific incidence of occupational asthma (OA) is sparse. We calculated the incidence of notified OA by occupation, industry and causative agent in Finland for the years 1989-95. METHODS: The numbers of cases of reported OA were retrieved from the Finnish Registry of Occupational Diseases for the population between 20 and 64 years of age. The numbers of employed workers were retrieved from Statistics Finland. Incidence rates were calculated for each occupation, industry and the total workforce. RESULTS: Altogether 2602 cases of OA were notified and the mean annual incidence rate was 17.4 cases/100,000 employed workers. The incidence rate was the highest in bakers, other painters and lacquerers, veterinary surgeons, chemical workers, farmers, animal husbandry workers, other food manufacturing workers, welders, plastic product workers, butchers and sausage makers, and floor layers. Cases caused by animal epithelia, hairs and secretions or flours, grains, and fodders accounted for 60% of the total. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of occupation and industry-specific incidence rates forms the basis for successful prevention of OA, but necessitates collection of data over several years from well-established surveillance systems.

Adult↗