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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Prevalence of haemoglobinopathies in school children in Jordan Valley.

Blood samples were drawn from 456 healthy children, 6-10 years old, to explore the prevalences of haemoglobinopathies in Northern Jordan Valley. The children were selected by the multi-stage random sampling technique. Complete blood count, haemoglobin electrophoresis and haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) estimations were carried out on all the samples. The prevalences of beta-thalassaemia minor, alpha-thalassaemia trait, sickle cell trait, and hereditary elliptocytosis were 15(3.3%), 16(3.5%), 2(0.44%) and 4(0.89%), respectively.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Effects of indoor air pollution on lung function of primary school children in Jordan.

Environmental exposure to tobacco smoke and contaminants from unvented cooking stoves has been linked to impaired pulmonary function and respiratory diseases. These risk factors exist to a greater extent in developing countries and, in the case of exposure to tobacco smoke, they are reported to be increasing. In this study, pulmonary function studies were performed on 1905 children in Jordan. The effect of exposure to these environmental factors on respiratory function was analyzed. A significant negative impact was found with regard to environmental exposure to both passive smoking and wood and kerosene unvented cooking stoves. The mean values of lung function in children exposed and not exposed to passive smoking were, respectively, FVC (L): 1.29-1.49; FEV1 (L): 1.2-1.4; FEF25-75 (L/S): 1.84-2.24; PEFR (L/S): 2.6-3.21, and to wood and kerosene were FVC (L): 1.02-1.32; FEV1 (L): 0.91-1.25; FEF25-75 (L/S): 1.24-1.86; PEFR (L/S): 1.67-2.64. This is a major problem in developing countries because of the increasing incidence of smoking and the high exposure to pollution risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Cystic fibrosis in Arabs: a prototype from Jordan.

Cystic fibrosis is believed to be rare in Arabs. We report 202 cases (114 boys and 88 girls) diagnosed in Jordan over a period of 9 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.9 years. Classical presentation with growth failure, malabsorption and respiratory symptoms occurred in 75.4% of cases. Eighteen (10.8%) presented with hepatomegaly, 12 (7.2%) with meconium ileus and 11 (6.6%) had Pseudo-Bartter syndrome. Thirty-eight (23%) children died, most below the age of 1 year which may reflect a more severe disease in our population. Consanguineous marriage was present in 69% of cases. Genetic screening of 84 children and 66 parents revealed 24 different CFTR mutations with a DF508 mutation accounting for only 7.4%. Among the mutations detected, six were alleles identified for the first time. The fact that boys outnumber girls might reflect more deaths in girls due to the observed gender gap in CF mortality. It is possible that the low incidence of the DF508 mutation is due to a confounding effect and the high mortality in those carrying this mutation. The large number of different mutations reflects the ethnic diversity of the Jordanian population and the complex history of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Measuring reproductive morbidity: a community-based approach, Jordan.

Our objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of reproductive and related nonreproductive morbidities in a group of reproductive-aged women living in Jordan. The study was designed as a two-phase survey. The first phase consisted of a structured personal interview and the second phase was a follow-up physical examination. Three hundred seventeen women aged 18-49 years were randomly selected and answered the questionnaire in the first phase of the study. Two hundred sixty agreed to both the general physical and pelvic examination. The main outcome measures were selected reproductive and related nonreproductive morbidities. Results show reproductive tract infections were diagnosed in 55% of the women, a presumed chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in 40%, and genital prolapse in 22%. As for related nonreproductive morbidities, 14% were diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI), 24% with urinary incontinence, and 40% with anemia. Our results of the study support the idea that in this community, women's health is at risk throughout their reproductive years, not only when they are pregnant or postpartum. We suggest further research in other Jordanian communities as well as solutions addressed to the health care community.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The effect of prenatal knowledge of fetal sex on birth weight: a study from Jordan.

In this article we seek to determine the effect of the knowledge of prenatal fetal sex, through the use of ultrasound, on infant mean birth weight and the proportion of low birth weight (LBW) babies. A sample population of 1,195 women (cases, n = 640; control, n = 555) were studied in relation to their knowledge of the sex of the fetus in three hospitals in Amman, Jordan. It was found that prenatally known males had the highest mean birth weights (MBWs) as compared with females. It is proposed that these differences could be attributed to behavioral factors related to son preference. The authors conclude that further research on the actual link between prenatal detection of fetal sex and health behavior as indicated by birth weight is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in private drinking water cisterns in Bani-Kenanah district, northern Jordan.

Due to water scarcity in Jordan, the water authority only pump the water once or twice a week to the population. Thus people in rural areas, including the Bani-Kenanah district, make the most of their water resources by storing rainwater in private reservoirs for use during periods of water shortage. These reservoirs include; underground cisterns and concrete or metal tanks. The water collected in these reservoirs is at risk of contamination. During the period March-July 2002, the three types of reservoirs from 368 households were surveyed for presence of Escherichia coli and Cryptosporidium parvum, indicators of contamination. The cistern was the most contaminated reservoir with 17% (95% CI: 13,22) for E. coli (significant, P<0.05), and 2% (95% CI: 1,4) for C. parvum. Only 1% (95% CI: 1,6) of the metal reservoirs had E. coli, while concrete reservoirs were free. No C. parvum oocysts were detected in either the concrete or metal reservoirs. Reservoirs opening at floor level and the bucket kept outside the reservoir were significant (P<0.05) enhancing risk factors for contamination with C. parvum.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Sulphur and oxygen isotopic characters of dissolved sulphate in groundwater from the Pleistocene aquifer in the southern Jordan Valley (Jericho area, Palestine).

Sulphate and chloride concentrations in the shallow Pleistocene aquifer systems in the lower Jordan valley area indicate a general trend of increasing salinity eastward and southward. This study was conducted in one of the important sub-basins feeding the Pleo-Pleistocene aquifer in the Jericho area in the southern part of the valley using S and O isotopes of dissolved sulphate. The results show that sulphate has mainly two contributions to the groundwater. One is the surface seepage, which is present as a salty leachate form with the positive delta34Ssulphate values of primary gypsum in Lisan and Samara formations, and the second is the upwelling saline water which was in contact with a deep secondary gypsum, aragonites and salty rocks and rose up under heavy abstraction with depleted 34S in sulphate and relatively high sulphate and chloride content. The latest was clearly shown in the Arab Project wells to the east that is undergoing a continuous heavy abstraction. The isotopic signatures of S and O in these wells to the east show that this depleted 34S and highly concentrated sulphate might also indicate a dissolved sulphate originating from pyrite oxidation that results from the interaction with a pyrite-rich aquifer, which can well up with salty water under heavy abstraction and is oxidised in the upper aerobic shallow aquifer.

Chlorides↗
PubMed2006

Road dust resuspension in the vicinity of limestone quarries in Jordan.

Many areas in Jordan suffer from elevated levels of coarse particulate matter (PM10). One potentially significant source of the observed PM is the resuspension of road dust in the vicinity of limestone quarries. To obtain data to assess the impact from this source, PM10 road dust resuspension factors near Abusiiah, a town to the north east of Amman surrounded by many quarries and brick factories, were measured. Measurements included PM10 mass, particle size distributions, wind speed, and wind direction. The results showed that PM10 concentrations could be as high as 600 microg/m3, and most of the airborne PM is in the coarse fraction. Loading trucks play a major role in resuspending road dust, with an observed PM10 emission rate of >6000 mg/km.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2006

Effects of reproduction norms on contraception practice among Muslim women in Amman, Jordan.

Based on the authors' interview survey for 275 Muslim women of an ethnically divergent community in Amman, Jordan, this study examined the psychosocial effects of reproduction norms on contraception practice, using the normative interpretations of legal provisions in Islam (hukm). The categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) reduced the eight items regarding family planning and contraception use to two factors, i.e. the pressures of childbearing and acceptability of contraception use, accounting for 55% of the total variance. Even though the majority of the female subjects were conservative rather than innovative in terms of reproduction norms and significant interrelations were observed between their reproduction norms and contraception practice, approximately 70% of the female subjects who were closely in consonance with the normative interpretations of their religious leader had used contraception. It is thus indicated that religious leaders may play significant roles in increase of contraception practice among Muslim women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Determination of hypericin content in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Hypericaceae) growing wild in Jordan.

Hypericin content of methanolic extracts of dried flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of Hypericum triquetrifolium (Turra) were determined by HPLC. Conversion of protohypericin to hypericin was achieved by exposing samples to light for 30 min immediately before HPLC analysis. External standard calibration was used to quantify hypericin. Leaves showed the highest hypericin content of 0.36% w/w. Total aerial parts contained 0.43% w/w of hypericin. The relatively high hypericin content of the H. triquetrifolium in this study encourages the introduction, cultivation, and biological evaluation of hypericum specie in Jordan.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed2003

Red light violations at rural and suburban signalized intersections in Jordan.

This case study investigated red light violations at rural and suburban signalized intersections in Jordan. Field observations were conducted at 15 signalized intersections located in different Jordanian regions: Amman, Irbid, and Zarqa. The results showed that, out of a total of 1,190 drivers who had a chance for violation, 153 (12.9%) drivers ran red lights. It was found that older drivers have less tendency for running red lights. Based on vehicle type, the analysis showed that truck drivers had the highest violation rate followed by small vehicles and then buses. The Y-shaped intersection had a higher percentage of violations as compared to the T- and cruciform-shaped intersections. The percentage of red light violations was found to be directly proportional to the subjects approach speed and inversely proportional to the conflicting traffic volumes.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mating patterns of the Abbad tribe in Jordan.

The mating patterns of the Abbad tribe in Jordan are examined based on empirical data obtained from four male samples representing the different levels of the Abbad's substructure as well as on nonempirical information and pedigrees collected during field work. From the total matings in each sample, at least one-third were first-cousin marriages, and some 90 per cent were marriages within the Abbad. The estimated inbreeding coefficient (mean F = 0.018) was relatively high. Relatedness, geographic locality, maternal links, and the type of economy are suggested as the factors which influenced the mating behavior of the Abbad. The study also indicates the vital role of matings in the formation and make-up of the tribe. The Abbad tribe could be described as an endogamic population consisting of more or less inbreeding subunits.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Determinants of the utilization of maternal and child health services in Jordan.

The utilization of antenatal, delivery and postnatal services by a random sample of married women in Jordan during their most recent pregnancy resulting in a live birth is analysed. Marked variations are shown in the use of these services and of preventive infant care for women living in urban and rural areas. Women with increasing levels of formal education and those living near services were significantly more likely to use services. If effective coverage of these services is to be achieved then it is suggested that greater emphasis should be placed upon outreach and realistic social marketing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Jordan: a seroprevalence study.

Sera from 1124 Jordanian subjects were screened for HIV antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The study population represented healthy rural and urban residents of Jordan as well as patients with hepatitis and their contacts, and patients with a variety of other diseases. Two patients with hepatitis had a positive test result by enzyme immunoassay and Western blot. Neither had AIDS-like illness and both probably acquired HIV infection abroad. There were no other positive serologic results for the population. False positive reactions by EIA can arise following repeated freezing and thawing of sera.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immune status of young adults to mumps virus infection in northern Jordan.

Eight hundred and seventy-five sera, collected randomly from university students aged 18-24 years, were tested for mumps virus antibodies. The prevalence of seropositivity was 85.3% for males and 87.1% for females using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) and 83.4% for males and 77.6% for females using the micro-complement fixation test (CFT). The remaining 14.7%-16.7% of males and 12.9%-22.3% of females, who had non-reactive sera in ELISA and CFT tests respectively indicated the presence of a sizeable population with a high risk of contracting the infection and this recommends the implementation of routine vaccination against mumps in Jordan. The two techniques correlated well, though ELISA exhibited a higher sensitivity than CFT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Increased immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine administered in mass vaccination campaigns compared with the routine vaccination program in Jordan.

To compare the immunogenicity of routine versus mass campaign doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), serum neutralizing antibodies were measured in 254 children before and after two mass vaccination campaigns in Jordan. Precampaign seroprevalences to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in children who had received three, four, or five routine doses of OPV were compared with postcampaign seroprevalences in children who had received one, two, or three routine doses plus two mass campaign doses. Seroprevalences were consistently higher in subgroups that received two doses through mass campaigns than in subgroups that received all doses through the routine program, especially for poliovirus type 3. Geometric mean titers were also consistently higher for mass campaign subgroups, particularly for poliovirus type 3. The findings suggest that adding further doses of OPV to the routine schedule is unlikely to have as great an impact on the immune state of children as administering the same number of doses during mass campaigns.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Neonatal meningitis in northern Jordan.

A two-and-a-half year prospective study of neonatal meningitis in the two main referral hospitals in Northern Jordan was carried out to determine the clinical spectrum and particular characteristics of meningitis in the newborn. The 53 cases studied represented an incidence of 1.1 per 1000 live births. The commonest bacterial pathogen isolated was Klebsiella species (40 per cent) followed by Enterobacter (19 per cent). The mortality rate and neurological sequelae among surviving children were 32 and 39 per cent, respectively, with higher rates among preterm/low birth weight and early onset meningitis groups. Of the presenting clinical features, there was a highly positive association between two risk factors and outcome. A bulging anterior fontanelle was the only significant predictor of mortality (P = 0.009) and altered sensorium was the only predictive of post-meningitis sequelae (P = 0.016). The need to recognize that Klebsiella species is an increasingly important pathogen; cefotaxime or ceftazidime plus ampicillin are the most appropriate antibiotics to be used initially, and continuous surveillance thereafter have been stressed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Viral gastroenteritis among young children in northern Jordan.

During the summer months of 1992 and 1993, a total of 439 diarrhoeatic fecal specimens from infants and young children less than 3 years of age admitted to the pediatric ward of Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, northern Jordan were tested for the presence of viruses using direct electron microscopy (EM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rotavirus. EM revealed rotaviruses in 83 (18.9 per cent) of cases, adenoviruses in five (1.1 per cent) cases, and small round viruses in three (0.68 per cent) cases. In contrast, the ELISA assay detected rotaviruses in 174 (39.6 per cent) of cases. In an evaluation of the collected diarrhoeatic fecal samples for rotavirus detected by ELISA, a sensitivity of 95.2 per cent and a specificity of 73.3 per cent was demonstrated.

Acute Disease↗