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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of oxatomide compared with chlorpheniramine in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

Oxatomide is an H1 receptor antagonist, which also inhibits antigen-induced mediator release from sensitized mast cells and basophils. The effects of ingested oxatomide (30 mg/capsule) were compared with those of chlorpheniramine (5 mg/capsule) in a double-blind non-crossover study in two groups of twenty-five subjects with ragweed pollen-induced hay fever during the pollen season. Oxatomide or chlorpheniramine was started when symptoms became troublesome and was used in a dose of two to four capsules daily according to severity. Other medications were added, in a standardized way, if hay fever symptoms were not controlled by the test capsules. Forty-one subjects completed the study; nineteen received oxatomide and twenty-two chlorpheniramine. Mean symptom scores, number of test capsules and number of doses of additional medication were not significantly different between the two groups. Drowsiness was reported by subjects in both groups but was worse in the chlorpheniramine group (P less than 0.05). We conclude that, in the studied doses, oxatomide is as effective for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis as chlorpheniramine and produces less drowsiness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of allergen-induced asthma by three forms of sodium cromoglycate.

The effect of three forms of sodium cromoglycate (SCG), 20 mg, on allergen-induced early asthmatic responses was examined in ten stable asthmatics. Dose response allergen inhalation tests were performed on five occasions at intervals of from 1 to 2 weeks to determine the provocation concentration producing a 20% reduction (PC20 allergen) in FEV1. Placebo was given before the first and the last tests to determine the reproducibility of responses to allergen over the study period; reduced responsiveness was observed in eight of the ten subjects. Major changes in levels of specific serum antibodies of the IgE and IgG classes did not serve to explain the changes in bronchial responses although there was a trend which suggested IgG-related desensitization. The observed changes in bronchial responses and antibody levels illustrate the requirement for tests of reproducibility of responses by the use of placebo controls at the beginning and end of a series of allergen inhalation challenges. SCG as (i) a micronized powder with lactose, (ii) micropellets without lactose, or (iii) an aerosol, were inhaled double-blind, in random order, 5 min before the additional three allergen inhalation tests. PC20 allergen was reduced following SCG in seven subjects; the differences were statistically significant for the group. There was no observed difference in efficacy between the different forms of SCG. In this study, the efficacy of SCG could not be related to age, atopic status, the initial level of allergen-specific IgE antibody, baseline FEV1, level of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine or an effect of SCG on responsiveness to histamine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Airway constriction by isocapnic hyperventilation of cold, dry air: comparison of magnitude and duration of protection by nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate.

The protective effect of 1, 2 and 4 mg of nedocromil sodium against airway constriction induced by hyperventilation of cold, dry air was compared with 10 mg sodium cromoglycate and placebo in a double-blind randomized trial. On 5 days, twelve asthmatic subjects received one of the trial medications from a metered dose inhaler. Twenty minutes, 2.5 and 5 hr later, airway responsiveness to hyperventilation of cold, dry air was measured. At 20 min, there was significant protection by all four active medications when compared to placebo, with a trend towards a nedocromil dose relationship but there was no statistical difference between the four active medications. All four showed a similar progressive decrease in protection over 5 hr. The results of this study suggest that nedocromil gives protection against hyperventilation-stimulated airway constriction and that the magnitude and duration of effect for all three doses is similar to 10 mg of cromoglycate.

Air↗
PubMed1991

Development and testing of a new measure of health status for clinical trials in rhinoconjunctivitis.

The objective of this study was to develop and test a health-related quality of life questionnaire for clinical trials in rhinoconjunctivitis. The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) was developed by asking patients to identify areas of their lives affected by rhinoconjunctivitis. The resultant RQLQ was tested for reproducibility, responsiveness and validity in a randomized, double-blind trial of regular versus 'as required' aqueous beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) nasal spray in ragweed pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis. Eighty-five patients from previous rhinoconjunctivitis studies participated in the developmental survey. Sixty ragweed-sensitive patients, from previous trials and media notices, were enrolled in the clinical trial. Aqueous BDP (800 micrograms) nasal spray was administered regularly or 'as required' throughout the ragweed pollen season. The survey revealed that, in addition to local symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis, patients experienced impairment of quality of life through systemic symptoms, sleep disturbance, practical problems, activity limitations and emotional problems. The RQLQ includes 28 questions related to these dimensions. Repeated administration of the RQLQ demonstrated good reproducibility. During the clinical trial, the RQLQ proved responsive in its ability to distinguish between regular and 'as required' medication use. Validity was shown by moderate to strong relations between changes in symptom diary scores and changes in RQLQ scores. In conclusion the RQLQ is likely to prove useful as a measure of health-related quality of life in clinical trials in both rhinoconjunctivitis and rhinitis.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Quality of life in adults and children with asthma and rhinitis.

Many clinicians now recognize the importance of incorporating an assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) into their clinical studies and practice. Conventional clinical measures provide valuable information about the status of the affected organ system, but they rarely capture the functional impairments (physical, emotional, and social) that are important to the patients in their everyday lives. In order to obtain a complete picture of a patient's health status, both the conventional clinical indices and the patient's HRQL must be measured. Both adults and children with asthma and rhinitis are distressed by the symptoms, and they are limited in their day-to-day activities such as sports, work or school work, and participation in other activities with friends. In addition, both adults and children experience emotional strain as a result of both conditions. Disease-specific HRQL questionnaires have been developed and validated for both adults and children with asthma and rhinitis. These questionnaires have good measurement properties and validity and can be used in both clinical trials and clinical practice to assess the impact of the condition on a patient's life. Since one of the aims of treatment is to ensure that patients benefit from it, an essential component of clinical assessment should be an evaluation of HRQL.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Acculturation and eating disorders in Asian and Caucasian Australian adolescent girls.

The present study aimed to compare the attitudes and psychopathology of eating disorders between Asian and Caucasian adolescent girls; and investigate the relationship between acculturation and the attitudes and psychopathology of eating disorders in subgroups of Asian girls. Two groups of non-clinical adolescent girls in Perth, Western Australia, were compared using a survey method. There were 17 Asian and 25 Caucasian adolescent girls, aged 14-17 drawn from private high schools in Perth who were screened using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-2), and an acculturation index. The psychopathology scores for eating disorders of the Asian group were significantly higher than that of the Caucasian group in terms of total EDI-2 score, Interpersonal Distrust, Maturity Fears, Impulse Regulation and Social Insecurity subscales. Eating attitudes measured by Dieting subscale of the EAT-26 was significantly different. Within the Asian group, the less acculturated girls had higher scores on the EAT-26 and the EDI-2 than the more acculturated. Less acculturated Asian girls appeared to have unhealthier attitudes and psychopathology toward eating.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2025

Remote Regulation by VirB, the Transcriptional Anti-Silencer of Shigella Virulence Genes, Provides Mechanistic Information.

Classical models of bacterial transcription show regulators binding close to promoter elements to exert their effect. However, the scope for long-range regulation exists, especially by nucleoid structuring proteins, like H-NS. Here, long-range regulation by VirB, a transcriptional regulator that alleviates H-NS-mediated silencing of key virulence genes in Shigella species, is explored in vivo to test the limits of long-range regulation and provide further mechanistic insight. VirB-dependent regulation of the well-characterized icsP promoter persists if its cognate site is repositioned 1 kb, 3.3 kb, and even 4.7 kb further upstream than its native position in a plasmid reporter. VirB-dependent regulation diminishes with binding site distance. While increasing cellular VirB pools elevated promoter activity in all constructs with wild-type VirB binding sites, it did not generate a disproportionate increase in promoter activity from remote sites relative to the native site. Since VirB occludes a constitutively active promoter (PT5) when docked adjacent to its -35 element, we next moved the VirB binding site far outside the promoter region. We discovered that VirB still interfered with promoter activity. These findings and those generated from molecular roadblocks engineered around a distally located VirB-binding site are reconciled with the various models of transcriptional regulation by VirB.

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

Effect of postnatal age and a beta(3)-adrenergic agonist (Zeneca D7114) administration on uncoupling protein-1 abundance in the lamb.

We examined the effect of time after birth and beta(3)-adrenergic agonist (Zeneca D7114) administration on uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) abundance and thermoregulation in the lamb. Forty twin lambs, all born normally at term, were maintained at a cold ambient temperature of between 3 and 8 degrees C. At 0.5, 1.75, 5.25, 11.25 and 23.25 h after birth eight sets of twins were fed 20 ml of formula milk +/- 10 mg kg(-1) of beta(3)-adrenergic agonist, and 45 min after feeding brown adipose tissue (BAT) was sampled. Colonic temperature was measured and BAT analysed for UCP1 abundance, GDP-binding to mitochondrial protein (i.e. thermogenic activity) and catecholamine content. Colonic temperature declined between 1.25 and 6 h from 40.2 degrees C to 39.2 degrees C and then increased to 39.8 degrees C at 12 h, but increased after feeding at all ages. UCP1 abundance increased from 1.25 h after birth, to peak at 2 h after birth in controls, compared with 6 h after birth in beta(3)-adrenergic agonist-treated lambs. The level of GDP-binding to mitochondrial protein did not change significantly with age but was increased by beta(3)-adrenergic agonist treatment. The noradrenaline (norepinephrine) content of BAT increased between 1.25 and 12 h after birth, irrespective of beta(3)-adrenergic agonist administration. The total weight of perirenal BAT plus its lipid, protein and mitochondrial protein content declined over the first 6 h of life. UCP1 development continues over the first 24 h of neonatal life, and can be manipulated by beta(3)-adrenergic agonist administration. This may represent one method of improving thermoregulation in newborn lambs. Experimental Physiology (2001) 86.1, 65-70.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1985

Lung function, atopy, specific hypersensitivity, and smoking of workers in the enzyme detergent industry over 11 years.

A study of 2800 workers employed in three factories of the two major manufacturers of enzymatic products in the United Kingdom covering 11 years of operation from 1969 to 1980 showed that 2344 workers had sufficient lung function data to meet the operational criteria and these were analysed in three separate groups by factory locations. Spirometry and prick tests for specific skin reactions to standardised enzyme were performed at six monthly intervals for the first six years of the study and then annually. Factory enzyme dust and total dust measurements were made to determine the degree of dust exposure of the subjects. The lung function of the factory groups was analysed for the effects of working in the detergent industry, the degree of exposure to enzymes, skin prick test positivity to enzymes, atopicity, and smoking. The 4.5% of workers who had experienced respiratory effects from enzymes were analysed separately. Exposure to the enzyme allergen has had no significant long term effect on the lung function of the detergent workers. A higher proportion of atopics than non-atopics became skin test positive to the allergen and more smokers than non-smokers were sensitised. The overall lung function of detergent workers showed 39 ml/year loss in FEV1 on the 11 year longitudinal study and 51 ml/year loss on the lateral (cross sectional) analysis with better lung function in the south east than the north west of England. In the development of the methodology for the study several potential problems were discovered that could remain unrecognised in a cross sectional analysis performed in isolation.

Adult↗