Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Intestinal Inflammation”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Fecal lactoferrin is a sensitive and specific marker in identifying intestinal inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein expressed by activated neutrophils. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of fecal lactoferrin concentrations for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) versus healthy controls. METHODS: Fresh stool samples were collected from outpatients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), or IBS. Clinical disease activity for IBD was assessed using a modified Harvey-Bradshaw Activity Index. Fecal lactoferrin concentrations were determined using a polyclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunoassay. Mean fecal lactoferrin concentrations for each group and sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined. RESULTS: One hundred-four CD patients, 80 UC patients, 31 IBS patients, and 56 healthy controls were recruited. The mean +/- SE fecal lactoferrin concentration (microg/g fecal weight) was 440 +/- 128 for CD patients, 1125 +/- 498 for UC patients, 1.27 +/- 0.29 for IBS patients, and 1.45 +/- 0.4 for healthy controls. Fecal lactoferrin was 90% specific for identifying inflammation in patients with active IBD. Elevated fecal lactoferrin was 100% specific in ruling out IBS. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal lactoferrin is sensitive and specific for detecting inflammation in chronic IBD. This noninvasive test may prove useful in screening for inflammation in patients presenting with abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging colonography with conventional colonoscopy for the assessment of intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a feasibility study.

AIM: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based colonography represents a new imaging tool which has mainly been investigated for polyp screening. To evaluate this approach for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we compared MRI based colonography with conventional colonoscopy for assessing the presence and extent of colonic inflammation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 22 consecutive patients with suspected or known IBD, MRI colonography was performed immediately before conventional colonoscopy. After bowel cleansing, a T1 positive contrast agent was applied rectally. In addition to T2 weighted sequences, T1 weighted two dimensional and three dimensional Flash acquisitions as well as volume rendered virtual endoscopy were performed. All images were evaluated with regard to typical MRI features of inflammation. The results were compared with colonoscopy findings. RESULTS: Distension and image quality was assessed as good to fair in 97.4% of all colonic segments. Only four of 154 segments were considered non-diagnostic. With colonoscopy serving as the gold standard, the sensitivity for correctly identifying inflammation on a per segment analysis of the colon was 31.6% for Crohn's disease (CD) and 58.8% for ulcerative colitis (UC). In CD, in most cases mild inflammation was not diagnosed by MRI while in UC even severe inflammation was not always depicted by MRI. Virtual endoscopy did not add any relevant information. CONCLUSION: MRI based colonography is not suitable for adequately assessing the extent of colonic inflammation in patients with IBD. Only severe colonic inflammation in patients with CD can be sufficiently visualised.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Changes in enteric neural regulation of smooth muscle in a rabbit model of small intestinal inflammation.

In vitro electrophysiological studies of ileal circular muscle from rabbits with ricin-induced inflammation were performed to investigate whether altered neural control or myogenic activity contributes to previously described changes in in vivo myoelectric activity. Ricin treatment increased mean slow-wave amplitude but not frequency or resting membrane potential. Prolonged electrical field stimulation evoked a hyperpolarization during the stimulus train and a depolarization on cessation of stimulation. In the presence of atropine, the depolarization was larger in ricin-treated tissue than in control tissue, showing that ileitis enhanced noncholinergic excitation. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester reduced the hyperpolarization in ricin-treated but not in control tissue, suggesting that inflammation increased nitric oxide-mediated inhibition. Substance P desensitization reduced noncholinergic excitation and mean slow-wave amplitude only in ricin-treated tissue, demonstrating that changes in these parameters during inflammation resulted from increased release of, or sensitivity to, tachykinins. These data suggest that acute ileitis alters tachykinin- and nitric oxide-mediated neurotransmission that may affect the normal pattern of ileal motility and/or sensory reflexes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Probiotics: do they help to control intestinal inflammation?

There is currently a growing appreciation for the role of the enteric flora in health and disease. In the past years overwhelming evidence has accumulated for the role of commensal gut bacteria in the inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Both entities are mainly located in areas with high bacterial concentrations. Reduction of the enteric bacterial concentration by antibiotics, lavage, or surgical bypass results in a mitigation of symptoms, while experimental colitis models depend on the presence of the bacterial flora and the NOD2/CARD15-mutation results in inefficient clearance of invasive bacteria. Those findings helped to bring the concept of probiotic therapy to the forefront, a therapy that had been known for millennia, but had been disregarded by the scientific world. Probiotics are meanwhile established in the maintenance therapy of ulcerative colitis and chronic recurrent or refractory pouchitis. Promising data exist for the primary prevention of pouchitis. Probiotic research at the intersection of gastroenterology, immunology and microbiology is highly dynamic in both the basic and the clinical field. Further understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms leading to the effectiveness of probiotics will also spur the development of more successful probiotic formulations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Doppler ultrasonography of the upper mesenteric artery in chronic intestinal inflammation].

PURPOSE: We evaluated the importance of dynamic studies of the superior mesenteric artery in defining the abnormal parameters that could help diagnose an inflammatory bowel disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our patient population consisted of 10 normal subjects, 10 patients with active and 10 with inactive Crohn disease; 10 patients with celiac disease were also examined, before treatment and then after 6 months' dieting. We used a 5 MHz transducer, with 2.8 MHz Doppler frequency and PRF of 5 KHz; longitudinal scans were performed at 2-3 cm from the origin, with 50-60 degrees Doppler angle. The examination was performed after overnight fasting and at least 5 minutes' supine recumbency and then repeated 15 minutes after ingestion of a liquid meal. We measured the resistive index (RI) both on fasting and after the meal; the parameter defined as resistive difference (RD) was used to measure postprandial changes in resistance. RESULTS: In the healthy volunteers, RI on fasting was 0.81 +/- 0.02, versus 0.67 +/- 0.03 after the meal (RD 0.14 +/- 0.2). In the patients with inactive Crohn disease, RI on fasting was 0.82 +/- 0.03, versus 0.69 +/- 0.04 15 minutes after the meal (RD 0.13 +/- 0.3). In the patients with active Crohn disease, RI on fasting was 0.78 +/- 0.03, versus 0.70 +/- 0.02 after the meal (RD 0.08 +/- 0.03). In the patients with untreated celiac disease, RI on fasting was 0.78 +/- 0.05, versus 0.74 +/- 0.01 15 minutes after the meal (RD 0.04 +/- 0.01). In the patients with treated celiac disease, RI on fasting was 0.79 +/- 0.03, versus 0.70 +/- 0.02 after the meal (RD 0.09 +/- 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of postprandial flow changes in the mesenteric district is of more than physiologic interest because it can be the only way to detect an inflammatory disease which becomes apparent only during functional stress. Doppler US can therefore be proposed as a follow-up method to assess acute phase regression.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Helicobacter pylori and nonspecific intestinal inflammation].

In 50 subjects with non-specific inflammations of the gut the total prevalence of Helicobacter pylori positive antibodies was 28%, while in the control group of blood donors its was 54% Patients with ulcerative colitis had lower antibodies--18%, in Crohn's disease the serum positivity was 33%. The lowest value of antibodies was found in patients taking Sulfasalazine--11%. The serum positivity was substantially higher in inactive ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease--35% than in patients with signs of high activity--13%. In 28 patients with non-specific inflammations of the gut endoscopy was performed, in 60% with a pathological outcome. Histologically confirmed gastritis was in the majority Helicobacter pylori negative. It may be stated that in patients with non-specific inflammations of the gut there is a lower incidence of Helicobacter pylori than in the general population, in particular those subjects who were or are treated with Sulfasalazine. The explanation of this fact is however only speculative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Anti-cytokines in the treatment of idiopathic intestinal inflammations--theory and practice].

Into treatment of idiopathic inflammations of the gut cytokines or their antagonists entered less than 5 years ago and they extended the range of classical medicamentous treatment with aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressives. The theoretical models of their therapeutic application pertained to the blocking of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha), the use of immunomodulating cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9) similarly as the therapeutic administration of cytokines with a predominant growth and regulating activity (CSF, TGFalpha, TGFbeta, ODGF, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12). The range is supplemented by ICAM, VCAM antibody oligonucleotides and PAG antagonists. The stage of animal experiments was so far passed only by rhuIL-10, antiIL-2 and PAF antagonists. The only anticytokine which within the record time of 10 years found clinical indication in Crohn's disease, is antiTNF.

Cytokines↗
PubMed1991

[Bronchopulmonary changes in patients with idiopathic intestinal inflammation].

The authors examined a total of 64 patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases, 33 patients with Crohn's disease and 31 patients with proctocolitis to assess the possible frequency of pulmonary complications. An impaired ventilation was recorded in 33% patients with Crohn's disease and 25% patients who proctocolitis, in both groups an obstructive ventilation disorder predominated. In four patients (12.5%) with Crohn's disease cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage revealed alveolitis. The authors draw attention to relatively frequent bronchopulmonary complications of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease which are usually clinically silent.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Energy support with parenteral nutrition in patients with chronic intestinal inflammation].

Parenteral nutrition (PN) was administered to 24 patients with chronic enteritis. Their mean age was 37 years (range 17 to 69 years). Seventeen times Crohn's disease was involved, five times ulcerative colitis and twice postprandial enteritis. The mean period of PN was 24.6 +/- 12.9 days and its energy value was 7.79 +/- 1.63 MJ/24 hours. Some patients had a restricted oral intake, on average 5 MJ/24 hours. The energy output at rest assessed by indirect calorimetry was 7.62 +/- 1.06 MJ/24 hours. Along with PN the patients had aimed antiinflammatory treatment. In the majority of patients clinical improvement was recorded. The nutritional status improved in 13 patients, was not affected in 9 and in two it deteriorated. The improvement of the nutritional status was not always associated with regression of manifestations of the local enteritis. In particular affections of the rectum in Crohn's disease were resistant to treatment and the position changed after a derivation stoma operation.

Adolescent↗