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PubMed1992

Microleakage studies comparing a one-visit indirect composite inlay system and a direct composite restorative technique.

Problems related to leakage have been observed with direct-filled composite restorations. The development of indirect system of fabrication followed by cementation should theoretically reduce this phenomenon. The present study compares the leakage around directly placed composites with composite inlays prepared by a surgery-based system. The results indicate that the amount of leakage is reduced with the inlay system, but that it is not eliminated.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

Short-term results of IPS-Empress inlays and onlays.

PURPOSE: A leucite-reinforced, glass-ceramic material was recently introduced for clinical use. In this clinical trial, IPS-Empress inlays and onlays were evaluated using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The teeth of 36 patients were restored with 105 posterior inlays and 25 onlays, fabricated by an indirect technique. After etching the restorations with hydrofluoric acid, they were silanized and luted using composite cements. The restorations were evaluated visually, clinically with a mirror and probe, and by bitewing radiographs and clinical photographs, using modified USPHS criteria. Restorations having neither charlie nor delta criteria were defined as successful, and their survival rate was calculated according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The mean observation period for the 130 restorations was 23.4 +/- 6.1 months. After 2 years, 127 restorations were successful with an estimated survival rate of 97.5%. Three restorations failed because of fractures. The esthetic results were excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The initial clinical results of this esthetic restorative material are encouraging. However, because of fatigue phenomena for all ceramic materials, a longer observation period is needed to provide a definitive prognosis of the long-term clinical behavior.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1995

Interfacial gaps of resin cemented ceramic inlays.

A method was developed for measuring presence, location and extent of interfacial contraction gaps of resin-cemented ceramic inlays in dentin cavities. Cylindrical ceramic inlays were cemented using one of 12 commercially available resin composite cements to make a film thickness of 200-microns. Cross-sections revealed absence of marginal gaps but contraction gaps occurred at all dentin-cement interfaces at the cavity floors and ranged from 1.6 to 7.1 microns. This was equivalent to 0.8-3.5% of the cement film thickness and was 3-10 times greater than the wall-to-wall contraction in percent observed when resin composites are used as filling materials in 3-5 mm butt-joint dentin cavities. The results support the theory that contraction gaps developing adjacent to thin films of resin cements reach a size equivalent to the cement film thickness multiplied by the volumetric polymerization shrinkage of the cement.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A CAD-CAM ceramic inlay technique.

This article details the technique of a Cerec computer-aided designed (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) inlay. Using a ceramic material the unit can mill an inlay from an optical "impression" that is then bonded to place using a dual-cure composite resin cement.

Dental Porcelain↗
PubMed1988

Tooth-colored inlays and onlays.

Today's dental patient concerned about attractive restorations is looking for a dentist who incorporates the newest and best techniques into practice. This article discusses a newer concept that pleases both the patient and dentist: restorations that are bonded into acid-etched tooth preparations with composite resin cement--tooth-colored inlays and onlays. Basic questions asked by practitioners about these esthetic restorations are addressed; characteristics, performance expectations, comparisons with cast gold inlays and onlays, and comparisons with amalgam are presented, in addition to other relevant information for today's dental practitioner.

Apatites↗
PubMed1990

CAD-CAM ceramic inlays and onlays: a case report after 3 years in place.

At least three different techniques are available for preparing computer-aided designed (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) inlays and veneers. This paper details a clinical case in which 13 Cerec CAD-CAM inlays have been functioning for 3 years. Advantages and limitations of this system are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Marginal adaptability and fit of ceramic milled inlays.

The authors investigated the marginal adaptation and internal fit of ceramic inlay made by a ceramic milling system. The study's results indicated that the mean marginal and internal gap size of the ceramic inlay restorations was less than 100 microns, making the fit clinically acceptable.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed1996

The clinical performance of CAD-CAM-generated ceramic inlays: a four-year study.

The authors conducted a long-term clinical study of 50 CEREC (Siemens AG) CAD-CAM inlay restorations in 28 patients. After four years, they found the inlays to rate very highly in color matching, interfacial staining, secondary caries, anatomic contour, marginal adaptation, surface texture and postoperative sensitivity. They monitored cement loss along the occlusal margins and found it to be relatively low, with an unusual decrease in measured cement wear from the third to the fourth year. The favorable results of this long-term clinical study of these CAD-CAM restorations portend significant success for this restorative approach.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Pulpal response to a hybrid composite resin inlay bonded with a newly developed resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement.

This study evaluated the pulpal response of hybrid composite resin inlay luted with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and compared it with a glass ionomer cement and an amalgam. Cervical cavities were prepared in monkey teeth. A resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement (Ionotite F, Tokuyama Dental Corp.) was applied to the teeth in one of the experimental groups, and then hybrid composite resin inlays (Estenia, Kuraray Medical Inc.) were bonded to the cavities. The teeth were extracted after 3, 30, and 90 days and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining or Brown and Brenn gram stain for bacterial observation. No serious inflammatory reaction of the pulp, such as necrosis or abscess formation, was observed in any of the experimental groups. No bacterial penetration along the cavity walls was detected in the resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement group. Hence, the resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement showed an acceptable biological compatibility with monkey pulp.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct inlay restorations: utilization of sonic preparation technology in conjunction with ceramic inserts.

Although glass inserts have enabled the use of direct restorative procedures for the placement of inlays and onlays, these techniques are often unable to address elementary patient concerns (i.e., aesthetics, fit, expense). The advent of a novel process that standardizes preparation design and facilitates the use of advanced restorative materials may provide an alternate means of providing acceptable treatment. This article highlights the use of a sonic preparation system with ceramic inserts to develop aesthetic direct inlay restorations that demonstrate the qualities traditionally exhibited by indirect ceramic materials.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hardening of new resin cements cured through a ceramic inlay.

This study investigated the degree of hardening achieved through self-curing only and through dual-curing a group of eight new resin-based cements. In addition, the effect of ceramic inlay thickness on cement hardness was determined. Disk specimens measuring 6 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm thick were prepared from eight cements: Adherence, Choice, Duolink, Enforce, Lute-It, Nexus, Resinomer, and Variolink. Eight specimens were prepared from each material; half were self-cured, while the remainder were dual-cured. Knoop hardness measurements were then made at 1-hour, 1-day, and 1-week intervals. In addition 12 specimens of the same dimensions were prepared from each cement and were dual-cured through ceramic spacers of varying thickness (1-6 mm). Hardness measurements were made as above. ANOVA showed significant differences in hardness of self-cured versus dual-cured specimens for all cements (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were also found in the hardness of specimens dual-cured through ceramic spacers 2-3 mm in thickness or more compared with those that were dual-cured without spacer. It is concluded that for some materials self-curing alone was not adequate to achieve sufficient hardening; cement hardness was significantly reduced when ceramic inlay thickness was 2-3 mm or more.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Modern alternatives to amalgam: cementable restorations and inlays.

There are still no replacement materials on the market that are equal to amalgam. However, alternatives of differing qualities are available and, for the most part, clinically proven. This article attempts to make a scientific and clinical comparison of these alternatives with respect to esthetics, biocompatibility, chemical durability, and treatment cost. The evaluation suggests that cementable restorations, in particular electroformed inlays and onlays, are superior to bonded ceramic inlays.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1976

[Epidemiologic studies. I. Secondary caries in tooth areas restored by silver-tin-amalgam, silicate cement or inlays].

On the basis of epidemiologic studies on 10 106 sugjects from the population of the town of Rostock, the authors deal with the frequency of filled tooth areas and their affection by secondary caries with special regard to filling materials (silver-tin amalgam, silicate cement, inlay). The low frequency of secondary caries in tooth areas restored by means of inlays is noteworthy. Finally, the authors give recommendations for practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The model casting method for inlays and bridgework].

The authors deal with the advantages and disadvantages of the direct and the indirect method of inlay making and describe the precision casting technique for inlays and bridges. Furthermore, they present the telescopic tray which has been developed in the Rostock Clinic. This tray permits to apply the impression material under increased pressure. The use of the compound embedding material and dental alloys indicated allows to obtain good treatment results in a rational manner.

Dental Casting Technique↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leucite-reinforced glass ceramic inlays after six years: wear of luting composites.

Wear of luting composites is still an unsolved problem with adhesive inlays. However, only limited clinical research has been conducted regarding this phenomenon. This study evaluated the substance loss within the luting gap over a six-year period in vivo. In the course of a controlled prospective clinical study, 16 patients received 39 Class-II IPS Empress inlays. Variolink Low (Vivadent; n = 18) was used as conventional low-viscosity luting composite, the hybrid-type restorative resin composite Tetric (n = 21; Vivadent) was applied according to the ultrasonic insertion technique. The restorations were clinically assessed after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 months and replicas were made. The contact-free occlusal areas of the replicas were scanned by use of a computer-controlled profilometer (Perthen S3P), the analysis of the data was computed using a newly developed software (Xpert for Windows 95) and statistically analyzed with non-parametric tests. After six months all restorations exhibited marginal ditching. The percentage of detectable luting gap abrasion increased between each recall appointment (32% after six months, 48% after 12 months, 46% after 24 months, 55% after 36 months, 59% after 48 months and 65% after 72 months). Except for the 48-months results, no significant difference between the materials used for luting was evident (p > 0.05). Between the width and the depth of the luting space a linear regression was computed. The quantitative evaluation clearly demonstrated that hopes of relevantly reduced wear of luting composites were not confirmed when using the higher filled luting material.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

History, development and clinical success of porcelain inlays.

The drive for alternative to amalgam as a restorative material is led by concerns about the safety of mercury within amalgam and also by aesthetic demands from patients. Early attempts to address these issues produced disappointing results in terms of performance from directly-placed resin composites in posterior teeth. While directly-placed posterior restorative materials have improved in recent years the indirect constructed inlay may more readily meet the functional requirements of premolar/molar teeth. This article seeks to review the history, development and clinical success of porcelain when used as an inlay material. A case is included to demonstrate the clinical application of this aesthetic technique and the author's personal recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Marginal fit of CAD/CAM ceramic inlays].

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the marginal and internal fit of Cerec-2 inlays before and after adhesion. The test showed: 1. Before luting, the axial marginal space was 67 +/- 18 microns, cervical marginal space was 84 +/- 22 microns and the mean occlusal marginal space was 58 microns. 2. After luting, the thickness of the luting composite was 118 +/- 37 microns at axial margin, and 123 +/- 17 microns at cervical margin, the mean occlusal margin space was 80 microns. This study demonstrated the marginal adaptation of Cerec-2 inlays satisfied the clinical demand, especially at occlusal margin.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of the marginal and internal adaptation of different ceramic and composite inlay systems after an in vitro fatigue test.

PURPOSE: The aim of this in vitro trial was to evaluate and compare the external and internal adaptation of Class II composite and ceramic inlays with scanning electron microscopy after mechanical loading and thermal cycling (fatigue). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized cavities were prepared on human third molars with margins extending proximally 1 mm above or below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). A fine hybrid composite (Tetric), a hydrothermal glass (Ducera LFC), and a sintered spinell ceramic (In-Ceram) were used to fabricate the restorations. Combinations of Syntac classic--Variolink, ED primer--Panavia and Scotchbond MP--Variolink were used for cementation. RESULTS: For marginal adaptation in enamel, percentages of continuity varied from 85.4% to 99.6% and 85.1% to 98.2% for mesial and distal sites, respectively. Marginal adaptation in dentin showed continuity percentages varying from 63.6% (In-Ceram-Panavia) to 96.1% (Ducera LFC-Panavia). As regards internal adaptation, overall interface results varied from 32.1% (Tetric-Variolink) to 87.3% (Ducera LFC-Panavia). Gingival enamel showed the higher proportions of continuity (94.0%, all group-pooled data) compared to dentin locations (46.0% occlusally to 60.1% in gingival dentin). In all groups, debonding occurred mainly within the dentin--restoration interface and also, but to a lesser extent, between In-Ceram ceramic and both luting composites. When it occurred, adhesive failure to dentin consistently took place at or close to the hybrid layer surface. CONCLUSION: Despite important differences in their physical properties, no difference could be found under the present experimental conditions between Class II composite and ceramic inlays in terms of their marginal and internal adaptation.

Aluminum Oxide↗