Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Infant Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Relationship of mothers' perceptions and behaviors to the duration of breastfeeding.

The relationship between duration of breastfeeding in the first 12 weeks after birth, characteristics of mothers' and infants' behaviors, and the mother's perception of her infant were studied in primiparous mothers and their low-risk newborn infants. 50 women completed questionnaires on infants' temperament, caregiving flexibility, and perception of breastfeeding in their third trimester of pregnancy and again when their infants were 12 weeks old. 30 of the 50 women and their infants were observed for two hours on each of three different occasions at their homes when infants were 2, 6, and 12 wk. of age. Higher rates of mothers' interactive behaviors with their infants, mothers' self-reported perceptions that their infants had "easy" temperaments, and mothers' self-reported flexibility of caregiving were directly correlated with longer duration of breastfeeding and later weaning from the breast.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Behavioral tests of visual acuity in infants.

Two behavioral techniques--OKN and PL--have been used to test visual acuity in young infants in both laboratory and clinical settings. Clinically, OKN is used widely by ophthalmologists as an informal, subjective estimate of an infant's visual status. However, the difficulty of the judgments required and the problem of obtaining good OKN gratings that can be used at a near enough distance to maintain an infant's attention make the procedcure less than ideal. The PL procedure has been used much more widely in laboratory testing than has the OKN procedure, probably because the grating stimuli used are smaller and easier to obtain than OKN stimuli and because the judgments required of the observer necessitate only comparison of the infant's looking behavior in the presence of two stimuli, rather than judgments concerning the presence or absence of a behavior. However, it is only recently that PL procedures, in the form of the diagnostic stripes procedure, have been introduced into clinical settings for measurement of acuity. To date, the diagnostic stripes procedure has proved to be a rapid and practical test to carry out in the clinic, and it appears to be effective in diagnosing infants with ophthalmic problems that would be expected to interfere with vision tested binocularly. However, whether the procedure will be more useful than a standard pediatric or ophthalmic examination for screening infants for visual problems has yet to be determined. In addition, the treatment implications of early detection of poor visual acuity cannot yet be known. To be a truly useful test, a procedure that assesses visual acuity in infants should have prognostic or treatment value--neither of which has been clearly established for the OKN or the PL procedure. The problem is a circular one. We do not know the value of developing tests of visual acuity in infants because the treatment implications and prognostic value of early detection have not yet been established. However, knowledge of the value of early treatment is useless unless early detection is possible. Now that the cycle is beginning to be broken through development of techniques for early detection of poor acuity, research into the prognostic and treatment value of early diagnosis becomes possible for the first time. In conclusion, a number of researchers are working on the development of behavioral techniques for measurement of visual acuity in infants. Whether or not these procedures can be helpful clinically depends on what visual problems can be identified with each technique in the clinic, and whether or not it will turn out to be useful to identify these visual problems at such an early age, a question that can only be answered by further clinical and laboratory observations.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of reliability and validity of the behavioral observation record for developmental care.

Due to time constraints, clinicians are rarely able to carry out neurobehavioral assessments that use the Naturalistic Observation of Newborn Behavior Instrument. The content validity, interrater reliability, and criterion-related validity for a less time-consuming instrument, the Modified Infant Behavioral Observation Record (MIBOR) for developmental care was evaluated in this study. Eight developmental care specialists evaluated the MIBOR for content validity. Fifteen infants (birth weight < 1,500 g) were observed to determine interrater reliability, and three were observed to evaluate criterion-related validity. The content validity of the MIBOR, as determined by average congruence, was 96.9%. Interrater reliability for each developmental care subsystem ranged from 67% to 98%. Three of the four subsystems on the MIBOR achieved criterion-related validity, achieving an agreement of r = .60.

Attention↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal behavior of small for gestational age infants.

The behavioral pattern of small for gestational age (SGA) infants differs from that of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Maternal malnutrition and SGA infants being a common problem in our country, we assessed the behavior of 36 full term SGA infants using the Brazelton scale. These infants had an excellent orienting capacity, state control and self quieting. Their motor performance was fair and autonomic regulation showed a good recovery over first 10 days. A comparison of this behavior with full term AGA infants showed a better orientation in SGA infants. Though there was a significant difference in motor, state regulation, and autonomic regulation, by the end of the first month they recovered to the same level as the AGA infants. The pattern of SGA behavior described is at marked variance with most of other reports from abroad.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1997

Consequences of getting the head covered during sleep in infancy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the consequences of getting the head covered by bedding (fiber quilt) on carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation around the face, behavior, and physiologic responses during prone and supine sleep in infants to add understanding to why victims of sudden infant death syndrome are often found under the bedding. METHPDOLOGY: Of 33 healthy term, usually nonprone sleeping infants, behavior and computerized polysomnography were successfully recorded for 30 during prone and supine sleep at 21/2 months and for 23 prone and 25 supine at 5 months. RESULTS: For both ages and body positions, covering the head resulted in significant CO2 accumulation around the face, fewer apneas (3 to 10 seconds), shorter duration of apneas after sighs, higher heart and respiratory rates, and peripheral skin temperature. Differences were generally greater at 21/2 than at 5 months. While covered, the prone position was associated with higher CO2 levels close to the face, slightly higher transcutaneous PCO2, and higher heart rates and peripheral skin temperatures than the supine position. In the supine position 23% were able to remove the cover from the head at 21/2 and 60% at 5 months, whereas only 1 infant of 5 months managed to remove the cover when prone. CONCLUSIONS: The observed responses are consistent with a potential for distress when the head is covered, particularly when placed prone. Probably most important with respect to sudden infant death syndrome is the infants' inability to remove the bedding from the head upon awakening from prone sleep.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed2002

[The neonatal behavioral observation: a pertinent source of medical informations].

The neonatal behavioral observation is an important source of medical information in three domains: 1) assessment of development which can be done with the Assessment of Preterm Infant Behavior, 2) assessment of pain with the analysis of facial expression using validated pain scales such as the Neonatal Facial Coding System, 3) assessment of brain injuries with the Quality Assessment of General Movements. Such a behavioral observation of the newborn using validated tools is a useful complement of the neuro-imaging techniques.

Child Development↗
PubMed1994

Early relationships as regulators of infant physiology and behavior.

In recent years, animal research has revealed a network of simple behavioral and biological processes that underlie the psychological constructs we use to define early social relationships. Hidden within the observable interactions of parent and offspring are sensorimotor, thermal and nutrient-based events which have unexpected and widespread regulatory effects on infant behavior and physiology. The complex pattern of responses resulting from early separation in infant rats can be traced to the abrupt withdrawal of a number of discrete, independent regulatory processes which had been acting on individual components of the infant's physiology and behavior. These regulatory processes also appear to mediate long-term shaping effects exerted by early relationships, for example, on the vulnerability of the adult rat to hypertension and stress ulcer. In human development, early regulatory interactions may provide a bridge between biological and psychological processes in the development of our earliest mental representations.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of exposure to alcohol in mother's milk on infant sleep.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that exposure to alcohol in breast milk affects infants' sleep and activity levels in the short term. METHODS: Thirteen lactating women and their infants were tested on 2 days, separated by an interval of 1 week. On each testing day, the mother expressed 100 mL of milk, while a small, computerized movement detector called an actigraph was placed on the infant's left leg to monitor sleep and activity patterning. After the actigraph had been in place for approximately 15 minutes, the infants ingested their mother's breast milk flavored with alcohol (32 mg) on one testing day and breast milk alone on the other. The infants' behaviors were monitored for the next 3.5 hours. RESULTS: The infants spent significantly less time sleeping during the 3.5 hours after consuming the alcohol-flavored milk (78.2 minutes compared with 56.8 minutes after feeding alcohol in breast milk). This reduction was apparently attributable to a shortening in the longest sleeping bout (34.5 compared with 56.7 minutes for sleeping after breast milk alone) and the amount of time spent in active sleep (25.8 minutes compared with 44.2 minutes after breast milk alone); the decrease in active sleep was observed in all but 2 of the 13 infants tested. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanisms underlying the reduction in sleep remain to be elucidated, this study shows that short-term exposure to small amounts of alcohol in breast milk produces distinctive changes in the infant's sleep-wake patterning.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infants parse dynamic action.

As observers of human behavior, infants are faced with a complex flow of motion in which pauses are rare and only occasionally coincide with boundaries between intentional actions. Two studies investigated whether, despite such complexity, 10- to 11-month-old infants (N = 16 for each study) possess skills for parsing ongoing behavior along boundaries correlated with the initiation and completion of intentions. After being familiarized with digitized sequences of continuous everyday action, infants showed renewed interest in test versions in which motion paused in the midst of an actor's pursuit of intentions (interrupting test videos). In contrast, pauses that suspended motion at intention boundary points (completing test videos) sparked no such renewed interest on infants' part. Moreover, basic salience differences between the two types of test videos were not the source of infants' increased interest when intentions were interrupted (Study 2). These findings demonstrate that infants readily detect disruptions of the structure inherent in intentional action, and hence parse ongoing behavior with respect to such structure. Such parsing skill is likely a prerequisite to the development of genuine intentional understanding.

Attention↗
PubMed1977

Sex differences in parent-infant interaction during free play, departure, and separation.

20 18-month-olds were observed with their mothers and 20 with their fathers in laboratory free-play, departure, and separation situations. Parent and infant behaviors were allowed to vary naturally. Although there were no parent sex or infant sex differences in infants' free-play behavior, there were parent sex X infant sex differences in parental free-play behaviors. Parents talked to, sat on the floor more with, and tended to share play more with same-sexed than opposite-sexed infants, and the patterning of free-play behaviors was different for mothers and fathers. During departure, fathers talked to the infants more than mothers. Infants were more distressed in the absence of same-sexed than opposite-sexed parents. There were infant sex X parent sex differences in the relationships between separation distress and parental free-play and departure behaviors. The implications of these findings for understanding differential roles of mothers and fathers, the development of sex differences, and the determinants of separation distress are discussed.

Father-Child Relations↗