The JIT-genius.
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Biomedical Engineering↗
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Results for “Hypermedia”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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Learning the fundamentals of ... DICOM.
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Computer Communication Networks↗
Reading strategies and prior knowledge in learning from hypertext.
In two experiments, we identified two main strategies followed by hypertext readers in selecting their reading orders. The first consisted in selecting the text semantically related to the previously read section (coherence strategy), and the second in choosing the most interesting text, delaying reading of less interesting sections (interest strategy). Comprehension data revealed that these strategies affected learning differently as a function of the reader's prior knowledge. For low-knowledge readers, the coherence strategy supported better learning of the content. This effect seems to rely on the improvement of reading order coherence induced by this strategy. By contrast, for intermediate-knowledge readers the coherence and the interest strategies benefited comprehension equally. In both cases, learning was supported through the active processing induced by these strategies. Discussion focuses on resolving inconsistencies in the literature concerning whether or not hypertext supports better comprehension than does traditional linear texts.
Association Learning↗
A hypertext-based tutorial with links to the Web for teaching statistics and research methods.
An online tutorial for research design and statistics is described. This tutorial provides a way for students to learn how scales of measure, research design, statistics, and graphing data are related. The tutorial also helps students determine what statistical analysis is appropriate for a given design and how the results of the analysis should be plotted in order to effectively communicate the results of a study. Initial research suggests that students using the tutorial are more accurate in their decisions about the design and statistics associated with a study. Students are also more confident in the decisions and find them easier to make when using the tutorial. Furthermore, practice with the tutorial appears to improve problem-solving ability in subsequent design and statistics scenarios. Implications for teaching statistics and research design are discussed.
Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
The Rice Virtual Lab in Statistics.
The Rice Virtual Laboratory in Statistics is an integrated combination of an electronic textbook, simulations/demonstrations, and case studies. The electronic textbook covers basic concepts in statistics and data analysis and contains links to data analysis tools, instructional demonstrations/simulations, and other on-line texts. The simulations and demonstrations help make abstract concepts concrete and allow students to investigate various aspects of statistical tests and distributions. Case studies demonstrate the real-world applicability of statistical methods. Materials are available on the World-Wide Web.
Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
Radiology on the Web.
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Computer Communication Networks↗
Linking clinical systems and the Web: state of the art.
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Computer Communication Networks↗
A hypertext information system for standard operating procedures in haematological intensive care.
In times of cost reduction efforts the role of standard operating procedures for both medical and nursing procedures gets increasing importance. Such standards are necessary if the quality of patient care shall not suffer but even improve. While some sophisticated approaches are coming up with generation of clinical processes from formal protocol models in connection with documentation systems the clinical practice actually looks quite different: Paper-based "operating standards" are used in day-to-day work, if any. In this paper a simple and powerful WWW-based hypertext information system for easy provision and maintenance of nursing standards is presented.
Computer Communication Networks↗
The teaching of nursing by computer-assisted learning: maximisation of existing resources in an established school of nursing.
Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) has made limited inroads into the teaching of nursing. While existing CAL materials are often excellent for supporting conventional teaching programs, they cannot in any way be considered as steps towards providing a free-standing CAL course. The recently published Dearing Report on the state of higher education in the UK recommends a major shift towards CAL, proposes Open and Distance Learning (ODL) as a means of effective courseware delivery, and encourages British Higher Education Institutions to enter the competitive global marketplace for ODL students; the Dearing recommendations reflect the trend within both the European Union and North America towards CAL and ODL. This report documents one potential solution to the problem of raising educational standards through capitalising on existing expertise for the development of CAL using hypertext mark-up language, while working within shrinking budgets. It represents a model which is capable of adoption by other Nursing Schools, and is therefore presented with a view to stimulating discussion.
Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
Hyperlinked Lexicon in Nursing Informatics--a tool for navigating through Nursing Informatics Terminology.
The Evolution of Information Technology is rapid. Electronic circuits substitute mental activities and new Technology invades to all aspects of life. Nursing, which is like all the other Health related professions information-intensive, could use the new Technology to be facilitated. The implementation of Informatics to Nursing was supported by the growing information that Nursing has to manage. The definition of Nursing Informatics was put on 1980 and since then a lot attempts to define Nursing Informatics have followed. The applications of Nursing Informatics are focused on four fields of Nursing: Administration of Nursing, Clinical Practice, Education, and Research. The first applications of Nursing Informatics made visible the need for the development of a Unified Language System. The efforts, today, are focused on two fields: to establish a standard definition of the terms of or related to Nursing Informatics, to establish standard definitions and Classification Schemes for the Nursing Phenomena and Practice so that they can be processed by Nursing Informatics. In solving these problems important role plays the study of Linguistics. Another important factor that should be taken into account is the Development of International Standards of general acceptance that enhances communication aspects. Apart from the International Standardisation Organisations, other non-profit organisations have constituted Special Groups that are dealing with the promotion of Nursing Informatics. Final Nursing Informatics should follow the previous attempts of Nursing to establish a Unified Language System. All the steps of the development of the application are described. In particular subjects that are covered are: the scope of the application, the collection of the material, the designing and building up of the Database, the development of a User Interface and the characteristics of the Application.
Databases as Topic↗
SGML-based construction and automatic organization of comprehensive medical textbook on the Internet.
The amount of knowledge required in practical medicine is large and ever increasing. Medical staff must select and use appropriate pieces of the knowledge from this flood of medical information. Recent Internet technology may be solving these problems because it makes information open to the public immediately after it is created and enables many people to share it. Medical resources on the Internet are however currently not always well organized, because these are often voluntarily provided by the experts of a particular field. We therefore decided to create a comprehensive medical database on the Internet, which is well organized, and of a high quality for practical medical use. In order to make full use of the benefits provided by electronic media, we created a new structured data set of information. We then commissioned authors to write manuscripts from which we created Standard General Mark-up Language (SGML) documents. We then wrote a translation program that took the SGML and automatically created a fully inter-linked HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML) document. The translation program generated 4,814 HTML files created from 1,373 number of SGML documents. The total data size including pictures was about 640 MB. 205,775 related links were created. We then published our electronic medical textbook described in HTML publicly on the Internet. Using SGML-based structured data, we constructed a complex electronic medical textbook created organically from simple SGML instances. Our electronic medical textbook is systematic and comprehensive, and has a homogeneous structure. We believe that this is the first comprehensive medical textbook available on the Internet. Furthermore, it was found that our approach to the electronic medical textbook has two major advantages. One is automatic generation of inter-links among documents, and another is easy to maintain documents. In addition, once we construct the electronic textbase in SGML format, the data can be utilized to various application programs on different platforms. Making use of this feature, we are now planning to develop a new style of electronic textbook, which is closely integrated with a Hospital Information System (HIS). The plan would provide medical staff with on-demand access to the electronic medical textbook while using HIS terminals.
Hypermedia↗
SeCD electronic folder: CADMIO's application for the medical folder of a service for the care of drug addicts.
In this paper we will describe the SeCD (Service for the Care of Drug addicts) electronic folder, a specific application of CADMIO [1] (Computer Aided Design for Medical Information Objects) system. CADMIO is a system for the definition, construction and management of multimedia clinical folders. The Ser.T. (Servizio per la Tossicodipendenza/Service for Drug Addicts) has earned a very special place within the Italian clinical structures as well as any service for drug addicts has done in the rest of the world. Such a structure has special needs and the characteristics of its medical folders are very different from any other folder. Actually, a Ser.T. has to keep updated the patient situation either from the clinical point of view as well as the psychiatric one. Moreover, it must keep track of the clinician subjective considerations about the patient psychic state and his situation in regard of the law. So, we had to redesign some of the features of the existing CADMIO application, to accommodate such highly not structured data into objects easily manipulated by an informative system. The objectives we hope to achieve were mainly two: To show that a well designed adaptive system can be easily exploited to support even very complex and poorly structured data types and actions To design data structures able to accommodate medical, psychiatric and administrative data in an homogeneous manner.
Computer Systems↗
Presenting treatment protocols with Web technology.
This paper describes a Web-based version of a protocol information system (ProtoVIEW) with which a wide range of diagnostic or therapeutic protocols can be retrieved and viewed. The Web-based version contains all functionalities of the non web-based version plus several new functionalities. The web version contains an X-ray viewer and a great deal of interactivity such as validation of electronic patient data forms. The most important additional function is the context sensitive protocol support which may lead to improved protocol adherence. Finally, the web-based version can be accessed from any working place since patient data and protocols are stored centrally.
Clinical Protocols↗
An international dermatological image atlas on the WWW: practical use for undergraduate and continuing medical education, patient education and epidemiological research.
We describe the development of an image database DOIA (Dermatological OnlIne Atlas) and present several spin-off projects using images of the atlas, e.g. student education using the atlas including results of an questionnaire evaluating computer-literacy, prerequisites and interests of students for using computers and the World-Wide-Web (WWW), a patient information system and an experiment to collect epidemiological data from patients with dermatological diseases via WWW. The database, available on the WWW at http:@www.derma.med.uni-erlangen.de, contains about 3,000 clinical images covering more than 540 dermatological diagnoses. It is designed for worldwide use; international submissions are encouraged. One aim of the project is to compile an international reference for dermatological images, containing images of high educational quality and also covering conditions on different skin types and rare diagnoses which are not commonly illustrated in ordinary textbooks. All images were originally mapped to the Erlanger Diagnosis Code, which is a proprietary modified ICD-9 key, later also to the UMLS (Unified Medical Language System). In addition, images are described with keys for the location, physical attributes of the location and clinical and histopathological features of the lesion. In order to facilitate the integration of the atlas into other web-based medical resources and to allow easy access to additional information, the Erlanger Diagnosis Code was mapped to the CUIs (unique concept identifiers) of the UMLS Metathesaurus. One purpose of the UMLS is to allow conversion of terms from one controlled medical vocabulary to another, thus, mapping of our diagnosis code to the UMLS CUIs allows simultaneous search for a given diagnosis in a number of other databases and also access to our image database from other databases. Mapping was successful for 619 out of 1383 dermatological diagnosis terms. For images with these diagnoses we are able to provide a hyperlink to other databases available on the Internet, such as MEDLINE, PDQ and OMIM, with automatic retrieval using the preferred vocabulary of the respective database. By grouping all diagnoses into sets with similar morphologies we further integrated a differential diagnosis mode. In order to educate patients via the Internet, a separate patient information system has been developed, using images of the electronic atlas. As an experiment to explore the feasibility of the Internet to gather epidemiological data from patients, users are asked to complete an electronic questionnaire covering signs for atopy. We conclude that an online image atlas has multiple educational, clinical and research applications.
Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
Experience journals: using computers to share personal stories about illness and medical intervention.
Medical advances make it increasingly possible for children with previously fatal illness to live and thrive. However, a significant number still experience repeated operations, hospitalization, and invasive procedures, or need special care at home. Many do so with little or no intervention to help them and their families cope with the emotional stresses involved. One significant source of emotional and cognitive support is the community of patients and families who have experienced similar medical procedures. However, in spite of a general willingness to share experiences, communication among patients and families is usually limited. To facilitate this process, we are investigating the use of computer technology to record, organize, and display stories about the experiences of families with children who have been treated for cardiac and neurological illness at Children's Hospital, Boston. We are asking children and their families to record text and multimedia vignettes describing some aspect of their illness, coping strategies, or care that might be useful to others. These contributions will be available for browsing at a secure World-Wide-Web site. However, economic realities preclude reliance on a professional site administrator to organize and monitor what we hope to be a rapidly growing Web site with a large, distributed authorship. The need to make the Web site fully accessible to users who have varying familiarity with computers and Web browsing imposes further constraints. We are therefore developing software to automate the process of managing and organizing an easily accessed Web site that contains an "Experience Journal." We describe this software, the rationale for its development, and our plans for its use in the coming year.
Adolescent↗
Internet basics.
This is a primer on the Internet, intended for those making a first-time acquaintance with how the system works. Topics include a brief history and discussion of access and basic services. The World Wide Web and information about finding material are also presented. Emphasis is placed on defining basic terms and providing addresses, resources, and help.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Neuronal database integration: the Senselab EAV data model.
We discuss an approach towards integrating heterogeneous nervous system data using an augmented Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) schema design. This approach, widely used in implementing electronic patient record systems (EPRSs), allows the physical schema of the database to be relatively immune to changes in domain knowledge. This is because new kinds of facts are added as data (or as metadata) rather than hard-coded as the names of newly created tables or columns. Because the domain knowledge is stored as metadata, a framework developed in one scientific domain can be ported to another with only modest revision. We describe our progress in creating a code framework that handles browsing and hyperlinking of the different kinds of data.
Databases, Factual↗
Workflow analysis and evidence-based medicine: towards integration of knowledge-based functions in hospital information systems.
The large extent and complexity of scientific evidence described in the concept of evidence-based medicine often overwhelms clinicians who want to apply best external evidence. Hospital Information Systems usually do not provide knowledge-based functions to support context-sensitive linking to external information sources. Knowledge-based components need specific data, which must be entered manually and should be well adapted to clinical environment to be accepted by clinicians. This paper describes a workflow-based approach to understand and visualize clinical reality as a preliminary to designing software applications, and possible starting points for further software development.
Artificial Intelligence↗