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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Genetic basis of male fertility.

We are in the age of genetic discovery. Now the human genome has been completely sequenced1, there will be increasing understanding and ability to manipulate biochemical pathways downstream of genes. At the same time, further development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) will enable procreation in situations that were formerly impossible and when there may be an increased possibility of genetic abnormality. Furthermore, preimplantation diagnosis will enable defects to be diagnosed and will give the opportunity for the couple to decide whether to continue with treatment towards a pregnancy or not. Thus, there is a need for clinicians to have a good knowledge of the gentics and hereditary aspects of male (and indeed female) infertility and for couples to have access to correct information and expert counselling. Also, there are ethical implications of these scientific and clinical advances for the future child, the individual, the couple and society. There is increasing public unease about this new science of reproduction and, in the UK, there is regulation by law; thus, there is a need for clinicians and scientists to give accurate information in everday language to the public.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1975

Traumatic phallic amputation during infancy.

An unusual case of phallic amputation is reported because it highlights the complex issues involved in considering transsexual surgery during early life. The lack of ambiguity regarding this patient's physiological gender at the age of 15 months permitted his management to rest solely on the long-range social and developmental implications of his phallic defect. The impact of this event on the child's family, on the community, and on professional workers was profound, leading to a series of circumstances that affected objectivity and the decision-making process. The decision to retain the male gender was based on the uncertain long-range effects of the loss of capacity for procreation and the surgical procedures and hormone therapy necessitated by gender change.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed2001

[Myoma and infertility: analysis of the literature].

The influence of myomas on reproduction has been clearly demonstrated, however their effects on fertility remain debated. The aim of this review, between January 1988 and December 2000, was to clarify the relation between myoma and fertility, and to assess pregnancy rates after myomectomy in infertile patients. Spontaneously, 54 publications were selected and 40 eligible. No study compared pregnancy rates with or without myomas. Pregnancy rates after myomectomy varied between 9.6% and 76.9%, with descriptive series. In medically assisted procreation, five publications were eligible. Myoma presence was associated with decreased pregnancy rates. Hysteroscopic sub-mucous myoma resection increased pregnancy rates. Relation between myoma and sterility is probable, however no proof was obtained. Myomectomy efficacy has not been statistically proven, but spontaneously almost 60% of patients became pregnant 24 months after surgery. Decreased pregnancy rates are observed when other infertility factors are associated. Concerning myomectomy in medically assisted procreation, conflicting results are available. Prospective randomised studies are needed.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Transmission risk of hepatitis C virus in assisted reproductive techniques.

Medical assistance for procreation in a couple where one or both parents has hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) raises the issue of the transmission of the infection to the baby and/or of possible contamination of both the technicians and the gametes or embryos from virus-free parents in the laboratory. It becomes essential to assess transmission risk in assisted reproductive techniques in order to define clearly the management of couples according to their viral status. To define the HCV transmissibility risk in assisted reproduction related to the presence of virus in semen from infected infertile men, HCV RNA detection was performed in sera, and semen and sperm fractions obtained after Percoll gradient centrifugation. HCV RNA was detected in 5% (2/39) of the semen samples tested: in the raw semen, in the seminal fluid and in the cell pellet but never after Percoll selection. According to these results, we suggest a strategy for HCV-infected infertile men who need assistance for procreation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Application of percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and testicular sperm extraction to the diagnosis and treatment of azoospermia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in the diagnosis and treatment of azoospermia. METHODS: We examined 385 azoospermia patients using the techniques of PESA and TESE. RESULTS: Of the total number of the azoospermia patients, 64 (16.62%) had sperm in the epididymis and 45 (11.69%) in the testis. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was applied to 64 of the patients with sperm in the epididymis or testis. The pregnancy rate after the embryo transfer was 39.07%. CONCLUSION: PESA and TESE, as an effective therapy for azoospermia, can further the classification of azoospermia and provide chances of procreation to azoospermia patients with partial obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Legal and ethical issues arising from the new genetics.

Legal and ethical issues involving genetics arise at the level of carrier screening, preimplantation diagnosis in embryos and prenatal diagnosis in fetuses. A strong commitment to procreative liberty and autonomy should permit patients and physicians to gain access to genetic information at every stage of decision making. Even if Roe v Wade is reversed, considerable room for the use of genetic information in procreative decision making will remain.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2005

[Classification and surgery for uterovaginal anomalies].

Maldevelopment of the müllerian ducts occurs in a variety of forms, and each anomaly is distinctive. Nevertheless, some generalizations can be made. A comprehensive preoperative evaluation of patients with suspected uterovaginal malformations is essential, but a clear understanding of the particular anomaly may not be established until the time of surgical correction. It is essential to exclude other then anatomical causes of procreative misfortunes before making the decision dealing with surgical correction of a given uterovaginal anomaly.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed2006

Assisted procreation: too little consideration for the babies?

Recent studies have revealed much higher risks of cerebral palsy and malformations in babies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) than in babies conceived naturally. Here we question whether parents can legitimately accept this risk on behalf of offspring. We argue that parents can expose their baby to a risk only to preserve it from a worse possibility, and this is not the case of IVF, which is not a therapeutic tool for children because when the IVF decision is taken, the child has not yet been conceived. It is concluded that procreative techniques require considerably more research before being made available to couples.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1989

[The value of fertilization in vitro and derived technics in oligo-astheno-teratospermia].

The authors report the advantage of fertilization in vitro and ancillary techniques in hypofertility by male component. In their fertilization in vitro program, a male indication is individually found in 10% of the cases, but also in female indications, even those of tubal origin. In summary, sperm anomalies are reported in 25% of couples entering a program of fertilization in vitro. Therefore they explain their current approach toward one or two cycles of diagnostic FIV, and then propose the most appropriate technique of assisted procreation for each case.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Sperm aneuploidy rates in younger and older men.

BACKGROUND: In order to assess the possible risk of chromosomal abnormalities in offspring from older fathers, we investigated the effects of age on the frequency of chromosomal aneuploidy rates of human sperm. METHODS AND RESULTS: Semen samples were collected from 15 men aged <30 years (24.8 +/- 2.4 years) and from eight men aged >60 years (65.3 +/- 3.9 years) from the general population. No significant differences in ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm morphology were found, whereas sperm motility was significantly lower in older men (P = 0.002). For the hormone values, only FSH was significantly elevated in the older men (P = 0.004). Multicolour fluorescence in-situ hybridization was used to determine the aneuploidy frequencies of two autosomes (9 and 18); and of both sex chromosomes using directly labelled satellite DNA probes on decondensed sperm nuclei. A minimum of 8000 sperm per donor and >330 000 sperm in total were evaluated. The disomy rates per analysed chromosomes were 0.1-2.3% in younger men and 0.1-1.8% in older men. The aneuploidy rate determined for both sex chromosomes and for the autosomes 9 and 18 were not significantly different between the age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that men of advanced age still wanting to become fathers do not have a significantly higher risk of procreating offspring with chromosomal abnormalities compared with younger men.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Recombinant human interferon gamma in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins E6 & E7 are considered to be the constitutively expressed neoantigens in a vast majority of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and cancers. Data available from in-vitro, animal, and small clinical trials suggest that the immunological properties of interferon gamma might enhance early viral protein presentation, thus stimulating a cytotoxic response. In order to study this effect in vivo we undertook a trial in which 20 women with a definite diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade I or II with coexistent high-risk HPV infection (detected by the Hybrid Capture System) underwent four months observation followed by intracervical administration of INFgamma in cases without spontaneous regression (17 cases). Human recombinant interferon gamma 1-b (Imukin) was administered intracervically four times in equal doses in two-day intervals to a total dose of 6,000,000 IU. The results of therapy were verified by punch biopsy evaluation and HPV-DNA testing two months after completion, and revealed a complete response in nine women (complete regression of CIN and remission of HPV infection in 53% of treated cases) and partial response in four cases (lower grade of CIN or/and remission of HPV infection--23.5%). The differences between spontaneous (before treatment) and treatment-related regressions were significant at p < 0.05. We conclude that in selected cases (mainly young women who have not completed their procreation and are compliant with the therapy) a conservative approach to CIN management with intracervical IFNgamma injections seems to be a valuable method.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced quality of capacitated spermatozoa from oligoasthenozoospermic men after incubation in test yolk medium.

To improve artificially the quality of poor sperm samples to be used in assisted procreation procedures, Test Yolk Buffer (TYB) incubation effect was investigated. After adding the TYB procedure to the standard swim-up technique, a significant (P < 0.001) increase in spermatozoa velocity was observed, while the other seminal parameters were not affected. Three of 11 couples who had not had success after three intraperitoneal inseminations (IPI) with sperm prepared by the usual swim-up technique obtained pregnancies after IPI with TYB-incubated spermatozoa. These preliminary results suggest that TYB incubation for capacitated spermatozoa be employed in the assisted procreation strategies applied for male infertility.

Buffers↗