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PubMed1991

Injuries to children and adolescents: impact on physical health.

Disability resulting from injuries was examined in a health maintenance organization population of children and adolescents 0 through 19 years of age. The physical health status instrument from the Rand Health Insurance Study was used to evaluate functional outcome of patients seen in the emergency room and outpatient clinic. Overall, 55.1% of individuals had limitations in their usual activities during the week following injury; 16.4% and 3.8% were not yet back to full activities after 1 week and 1 month, respectively. Individuals 10 years of age and older had more functional impairment than did younger children. Restrictions were greatest for fractures/dislocations and sprains and for injuries due to sports, play/recreational activities, and falls.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Alterations of neuroendocrine brain asymmetry: a neural risk factor affecting physical health.

It was examined whether the specific pattern of brain asymmetry in cerebral control of cortisol secretion existing in a specific individual is suitable to predict the individual's physical health status. Results indicate that subjects with an altered, strong left hemisphere dominance of cortisol regulation show a clearly higher amount of physical complaints than subjects with a normal, strong right hemisphere dominance. In addition, results suggest that the subjects' specific pattern of neuroendocrine brain asymmetry can be used with relatively good success to separate individuals with high versus low degrees of physical complaints and thus, probably, to predict physical complaints of an individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Health physics activities in support of the thermal shield removal/disposal and core support barrel repair at the St. Lucie Nuclear Power Plant.

The health physics activities related to the removal and disposal of a thermal shield at a nuclear power plant and subsequent repairs to the core support barrel required increased planning relative to a normal refueling/maintenance outage. The repair of the core support barrel was a "first" in the nuclear power industry. Pre-job planning was of great concern because of extremely high radiation levels associated with the irradiated stainless steel thermal shield and core support barrel. ALARA techniques used in the preparation of the thermal shield for removal and shipment to the disposal site are discussed.

Florida↗
PubMed1994

Is having an alcoholic father hazardous for children's physical health?

Five hundred and ninety-nine French-Canadian pre-adolescent children for whom the alcoholic status of the parents was known were subdivided into eight groups, according to family structure (intact, non-intact), alcoholic status of the father (alcoholic, non-alcoholic) and gender of the target child (girl, boy). ANCOVAs were conducted (controlling for income, a factor which contributes to illness) for health-related variables in order to test the hypothesis that children of alcoholic fathers have more physical health problems compared to children without alcoholic fathers. Data pertaining to use of medical services, serious and minor illnesses and pregnancy-related events were analysed. It was found that overall, pre-adolescent children of alcoholics were not more ill than children of non-alcoholics. There were, however, some differences worthy of note. Children of alcoholics had significantly lower birthweights than the children of non-alcoholics. Boys in non-intact alcoholic families were of shorter stature than the other children. A three-way interaction showed that daughters of alcoholics and sons of non-alcoholics living in non-intact families were more likely to have used psychologists' services, as were sons of alcoholics in intact families. The results were discussed in terms of the heterogeneity of alcoholic families as well as the need to identify subgroups of children of alcoholics who are at risk.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Work satisfaction and physical health.

This analysis asks how satisfaction with one's main work role (whether that is a paid job or housework) is related to physical health. Data from a Detroit survey show that: (1) Dissatisfied people have poorer health status and take more curative health actions than do satisfied people. The dissatisfied people have higher health risks due to more smoking, drinking, and stress, and they also have health attitudes that encourage symptom perception. Poorer health explains why they take more curative actions; they actually have less faith in the value of medical care and restricted activity and less access to care than do satisfied people. (2) Work satisfaction is more important for nonemployed people than employed ones. Dissatisfied homemakers have especially numerous symptoms and high drug use. And dissatisfied, nonemployed men report a great deal of recent restricted activity and medical care. The data suggest that the homemakers focus on their day-to-day symptoms and try to relieve them by drugs; on the other hand, poor health has forced the men to quit work, and they are very unhappy about the situation. (3) Women (whether they are employed or homemakers) are more sensitive to work satisfaction than are employed men. Apparently employed men adjust better to job stresses and suffer few health consequences, whereas women cannot buffer their dissatisfactions as well. In summary, the Detroit data indicate that work satisfaction is related to good health for both sexes, and that being a dissatisfied homemaker poses especially high risks of poor health.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Social support and physical health in the rural elderly.

The purpose of this study was to describe the social support networks, level of social support, and perceived physical health of older rural adults. Eighty-two randomly selected subjects over 65 years of age participated. Data were collected using the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ85) and a single-item measure to assess health. Findings suggest that older rural adults have few people in their social support networks, decreased levels of support, and poor health. Because social support has a positive influence on health, nurses need to find ways to increase the level of support in the rural aged.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Effects of psychological distress on perceptions of physical health and use of medical and psychiatric facilities.

Psychological distress not only contributes to bodily symptoms but also affects the way people perceive their physical health status and their use of medical care. Reporting on a program of research, this paper reviews evidence that psychological distress is an important component of illness behavior and response and must be taken into account in the appropriate organization of medical services.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1986

Role burdens and physical health of women and men.

This article looks at role burdens experienced by women and men, asking if heavy burdens are linked with poor physical health status and frequent health care. The role burden variables refer to job schedule, feelings about roles and life, time constraints and pressures, family dependency, and levels of role involvement and responsibility. The data source is the Health In Detroit Study, which has health items from a retrospective interview and prospective health diaries. Results show that dissatisfaction with roles/life and feelings of very great or very little time pressure are associated with poor health. To a lesser extent, very low or very high objective time constraints, irregular and short job schedules, no or high family dependency, and very low or very high income responsibility are linked with poor health. By contrast, having numerous roles is associated with good health. Some of these results point toward social causation (how the quantity and quality of roles influence health) and others to social selection (how health influences role involvements). The relationships are similar for women and men. But women are more at risk of poor health because, more often than men, they tend to have few roles (especially nonemployment), more dissatisfaction with their main role and life, low time constraints, low income responsibility, and irregular job schedules. In conclusion, role burdens may lie more in subjective feelings about one's activities than in their objective characteristics. Having low quality roles may jeopardize health, whereas having numerous ones can help maintain or enhance it.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Mental and physical health problems of, and the use of healthcare by, Afghan, Iranian and Somali asylum seekers and refugees].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence rates of mental and physical health problems and the use of healthcare services among adult asylum seekers and recognised refugees from Afghanistan, Iran and Somalia in the Netherlands. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHOD: Asylum seekers were approached in 14 reception centres and refugees were interviewed in 3 municipalities (Arnhem, Leiden and Zaanstad). Respondents were interviewed in their own language and asked questions pertaining to: general health, chronic complaints, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of depression/ anxiety, the use of healthcare services (general practitioner, medical specialists, hospitalisation, mental-health services, medication) and background variables. RESULTS: A total of 232 asylum seekers and 178 refugees participated (response rates of89% and 59%, respectively). Of these, 142 (61%) and 99 (56%), respectively were males and the average age was 34.4 (SD: 11.o) and 40.3 (SD: 13.3) years, respectively. Compared to refugees, asylum seekers more often considered their health to be poor (42% and 59%, respectively), had more symptoms of depression/anxiety (39% and 68%, respectively), and had more symptoms of PTSD (11% and 28%, respectively). No differences were found between refugees and asylum seekers in the self-reported use of healthcare services. CONCLUSION: This study showed that asylum seekers have more health problems than refugees, but that there are no differences in the self-reported use of healthcare services. More research is needed to answer the question ifasylum seekers have sufficient access to the healthcare system.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of volunteering on the mental and physical health of senior citizens: significance of senior-volunteering from the view point of community health and welfare].

In such an aging society as Japan, with decreasing number of children. Social activity of senior citizens is important for the well-being and the activation of whole societies. Promoting volunteer activities of senior citizens may serve as one useful plan; however, few researchers have examined the impact of volunteer work on the physical and mental health of senior citizens in Japan. In this study, a survey of previous studies that appeared after 1970 in North America, several findings were obtained: (1) Volunteering among senior citizens improves their mental well-being; (2) Few previous studies reported volunteering improves physical health such as protection for mortality and incidence of disability, compared to mental well-being; (3) Effects of volunteering might depend on gender, race, health status, socioeconomic conditions, and social networks of senior citizens--more impact can be expected on physical health of persons of advanced age; (4) Few previous studies focused on interactions of contents of volunteering programs; (5) Although several studies have reported that 40-100 volunteering hours per year were best quantitative level for health, this remains equivocal; (6) The conventional hypothesis that volunteering, through improvement in psychological, physical, and social factors, may improve ones health, needs assessment in terms of actual impact. Moreover, mechanisms of any influence remain to be clarified. From the point of practical use of volunteering as a health promotion program, it is necessary to explore better content and time engaged, as well as the numbers of groups to which senior citizens belong. Long-term longitudinal and intervention studies are desirable in this area in Japan, focusing on older candidates who are still healthy.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A descriptive epidemiology of lifetime trauma and the physical health status of older adults.

Three issues are evaluated in this study. The 1st involves examining the relationship between exposure to trauma over the life course and physical health status in old age. The 2nd has to do with seeing whether the relationship between trauma and health varies across 3 cohorts of older adults: the young-old (ages 65-74), the old-old (ages 75-84), and the oldest old (age 85 and over). The 3rd issue involves seeing whether the age at which a trauma was encountered is related to health in late life. Data from a nationwide survey of older people (N=1,518) reveal that trauma is associated with worse health. Moreover, the young-old appear to be at greatest risk. Finally, data suggest that trauma arising between the ages of 18 and 30 years, as well as ages 31 to 64 years, has the strongest relationship with current health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sibling Adaptation to Childhood Cancer Collaborative Study: the association of sibling adaptation with maternal well-being, physical health, and resource use.

This multi-institutional study investigated the association of behavioral/emotional adaptation among siblings of children with cancer with maternal general well-being, physical health, and resource use. One hundred seventy siblings and mothers completed standardized interviews and self-report measures 6 to 42 months after the cancer was diagnosed. As a group, mothers of children with cancer reported significantly lower levels of well-being than matched controls. When stratified according to the level of the sibling's behavioral/emotional adaptation, mothers of siblings in the Dysfunctional group (1) reported the lowest levels of well-being; (2) during the preceding year, were more likely to have sought professional services than mothers of children in the Resilient group; and (3) were least likely to have found social support helpful. Our results support an association between maternal well-being and sibling adjustment but show it is unlikely that nonspecific social support will improve adjustment. The rationale for problem-solving training for mothers is provided.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Depression, physical health and somatic complaints in the elderly: a study of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.

The relationships between depression, measured by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), somatic symptoms based on self-reports, and health based on medical evaluations, were investigated in 60 depressed older persons (median age 64.5 years) in relatively good physical health. No relationship was found between health ratings and depression scores, but a significant association emerged between a Somatic Symptom subscale, specifically the single item of fatiguability, physicians' ratings of health, and depression scores. Results of factor analyses of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were similar to those reported in previous studies and indicated a factor structure apparently based on the positioning of the positively and negatively worded items. It is suggested, therefore, that further investigations be carried out to evaluate the possible response bias on this scale.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Improving the physical health of patients with schizophrenia: therapeutic nihilism or realism?

Schizophrenia is associated with a raised mortality due to both an increase in suicide and factors related to poor physical health. The increased rates of gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disease in this population are likely to be due to high rates of smoking and obesity accompanied by a poor diet, lack of exercise and the side effects of medication. The evidence suggests that such risk factors in the schizophrenic population are largely ignored by the medical profession. Research to date has failed to address the health needs of this vulnerable population. Systematic research, with the aim of assessing the potential benefits of health improvement measures, should be a matter of priority.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Elevated physical health risk among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity.

This study examined the incidence of infectious and neoplastic diseases among 222 HIV-seronegative gay men who participated in the Natural History of AIDS Psychosocial Study. Those who concealed the expression of their homosexual identity experienced a significantly higher incidence of cancer (odds ratio = 3.18) and several infectious diseases (pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and tuberculosis; odds ratio = 2.91) over a 5-year follow-up period. These effects could not be attributed to differences in age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, repressive coping style, health-relevant behavioral patterns (e.g., drug use, exercise), anxiety, depression, or reporting biases (e.g., negative affectivity, social desirability). Results are interpreted in the context of previous data linking concealed homosexual identity to other physical health outcomes (e.g., HIV progression and psychosomatic symptomatology) and theories linking psychological inhibition to physical illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role?

In this article, the authors evaluate the possible roles of negative emotions and cognitions in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health, focusing on the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. After reviewing the limited direct evidence, the authors examine indirect evidence showing that (a) SES relates to the targeted health outcomes, (b) SES relates to negative emotions and cognitions, and (c) negative emotions and cognitions relate to the targeted health outcomes. The authors present a general framework for understanding the roles of cognitive-emotional factors, suggesting that low-SES environments are stressful and reduce individuals' reserve capacity to manage stress, thereby increasing vulnerability to negative emotions and cognitions. The article concludes with suggestions for future research to better evaluate the proposed model.

Adolescent↗