SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Health”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Health professionals' sex and attitudes of health science students to health claims.

INTRODUCTION: The huge influx of women into medicine may modify discriminatory attitudes towards health professionals. The aim of this study was to confirm the possible influence of health professionals' biological sex on the perception of the suitableness of health claims and on the attribution of responsibility in the case of presumed malpractice. METHODS: A total of 448 health science students, 123 of whom were male and 325 of whom were female, made up the sample. They represented 63% of students enrolled on their courses. They were asked to read a story about a fictitious event that results in a health claim. The story had 2 versions that differed only in the genders of the professionals involved. The students had to answer a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with 12 items, 7 of which referred to the pertinence of the claim, 2 to the responsibility of the medical staff, 1 to the responsibility of the nursing staff, 1 to the responsibility of the health authority and 1 to the responsibility of the hospital where the incident occurred. Each student judged only 1 of the 2 possible versions, which were randomly distributed. Almost all the students invited to collaborate did so. Group differences were assessed by 2-way anova analysis. RESULTS: Significantly more responsibility was assigned to the male nurse than to the female nurse. Male students, but not female students, considered the claim more valid in version B. CONCLUSION: These results show that, at least amongst our sample of health science students, negative prejudices towards female professionals do not exist.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using women's health research to develop women leaders in academic health sciences: the National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health.

While the number of women entering U.S. medical schools has risen substantially in the past 25 years, the number of women in leadership positions in academic medicine is disproportionately small. The traditional pathway to academic leadership is through research. Women's health research is an ideal venue to fill the pipeline with talented women physicians and scientists who may become academic leaders in positions where they can promote positive change in women's health as well as mentor other women. The Office on Women's Health (OWH) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has contracted with 18 academic medical centers to develop National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health. Emphasizing the integral link between women's health and women leaders, each of the Centers of Excellence must develop a leadership plan for women in academic medicine as part of the contract requirements. This paper describes the training programs in women's health research that have developed at five of the academic medical centers: the University of Wisconsin, Magee Women's Hospital, the University of Maryland, Medical College of Pennsylvania Hahnemann University, and the University of Illinois at Chicago. We discuss some of the challenges faced for both initiation and future viability of these programs as well as criteria by which these programs will be evaluated for success.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed2006

A sociodental approach to assessing children's oral health needs: integrating an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measure into oral health service planning.

OBJECTIVE: We adopted a sociodental approach to assess the real dental needs of Thai primary school children, and integrated an oral health-related quality of life measure (OHRQoL) into oral health service planning. We then compared the results of this sociodental assessment with standard estimates of a child's oral health needs. METHODS: We developed a new model of sociodental needs assessment and used it to assess the level of impact that various oral health conditions have on the everyday lives of school children. We then carried out a cross-sectional study of all grade-6 children (11-12 years old) in Suphan-buri Province, Thailand. We examined the sample (n = 1034) to assess the children's oral health and then we interviewed each child individually to assess what impact any dental conditions he or she may have on their quality of life. This assessment was done using an OHRQoL indicator, the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index (child-OIDP). We integrated the results obtained using this indicator with those estimates obtained using more traditional, standard clinical methods, in order to generate a clearer picture of exactly which non-progressive dental conditions really needed treatment. These results take into account the impact those conditions have on the overall well-being of children and their ability to function normally and unimpeded. We were then able to prioritize their dental needs according to the severity of disruption caused in their daily lives. FINDINGS: Using standard or "normative" estimates of dental health care needs, the children's need was 98.8%. This level of need decreased signifi cantly to 39.5% when adopting the sociodental approach (P <0.001). Overall, per 100 children with a standard or normative need for dental treatment, only 40 had a sociodental need for treatment when taking into account the impact their condition has on their everyday lives. Children thus identifi ed as requiring treatment were further categorized according to the severity of impact their condition had: 7.2% had severe, 10.3% moderate and 22.0% had minor impacts on OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: There was a marked difference between the standard normative and the sociodental needs assessment approach, with the latter approach showing a 60% lower assessment of dental health care needs in Thai 11-12-year-old children. Different levels of "impacts" on daily life can be used to prioritize children with needs.

Child↗

PubMed2002

GPs' compliance with health and safety legislation and their occupational health needs in one London health authority.

This survey assessed general practitioners' (GPs') knowledge of and compliance with, health and safety legislation and occupational health guidance in one London health authority. The response rate was 85%. Although the majority of practices were aware of the most important piece of legislation--The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1992--less than one in ten practices had carried out the required systematic risk assessments. Compliance with other health and safety legislation and related employment issues was also poor. The health of GPs and their staff may be at risk and these general practices may be vulnerable to prosecution by the Health and Safety Executive.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Embedding child health within a framework of regional health: population health status and sociodemographic indicators.

OBJECTIVE: The description of regional variation in children's health requires regional population-based context. But what is the best way to measure the health of a region's population? METHODS: The use of two indicators is described--one a health status measure and the other a measure of socioeconomic wellbeing. It is well known that the population's premature mortality rate (PMR), the age/sex-adjusted rate of death before age 75 years, is highly related to overall health status of an area's residents. Socioeconomic characteristics of an area's residents are also indicative (and likely causative) of health status differences. RESULTS: The Socioeconomic Factor Index (SEFI) was developed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, using a Principal Components Analysis of census data. PMR and SEFI are highly correlated (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.85, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: PMR can be used as a surrogate measure for both the health status and socioeconomic well-being of regional populations in Manitoba.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Organization of health care and health protection in the transitional phase of health care reform and under new legal regulations].

In Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina, Health Reform is brought up, dictated after newly created post-war policy; fundamental laws in health are brought up, and changes in constitutional sense, brought the country in the phase of transition. Organization of health protection and health business had many disadvantages, what impacted its realisation in direction of satisfying needs and requirement of the population. This paper-work tries to connect existing situation and practice in organization of health care and health business, by using relevant rules which were not adequately and completely realised, and were without possibility of evaluation. The paper tries, by using new Law regulations in Health and Reform to come, to offer organizational solutions which could be more acceptable and realisable in this transitional period.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗

PubMed1986

Why health improves: defining the issues concerning 'comprehensive primary health care' and 'selective primary health care'.

What is the impact of technology on improving the life situations of people, especially the poor? How is this impact analyzed in terms of health improvements? These questions are paramount in the minds of health planners as they pursue national policies of primary health care, a policy popularized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and accepted by over 150 governments at Alma Ata in 1978. The purpose of this paper is to explore these questions in depth. It begins by giving the background to the debate, then examines the origins of two concepts which have dominated the field, those of 'primary health care' and 'selective primary health care.' On this basis it suggests areas of differences in the two concepts and discusses the policy and practical implications of confusing the two approaches. The paper suggests that the differences are firstly who controls the outcome of technological interventions and the perceived time frame in which plans can be carried out.

Health Policy↗

PubMed2005

Priority setting for horizon scanning of new health technologies in Denmark: views of health care stakeholders and health economists.

In the context of the establishment of a Danish Horizon Scanning System (HSS) the views of health care stakeholders and health economists were solicited by means of postal surveys on the need for adaptation of a priority setting instrument for health technology assessment (HTA). The aim was to investigate if the instrument needed adaptation for priority setting in the context of a Danish HSS and, if so, how the instrument should be changed. A literature study served to enhance interpretation of the findings of the surveys and to formulate changes in the instrument that synthesize or bridge any differing views between the two groups. The results show that the instrument should apply a health care perspective, and that technologies should be prioritised on the basis of the criteria: marginal benefits, marginal costs, budget impact, impact on access to care, and additional criteria with an impact on health policy, such as the educational needs and organisational changes associated with the new technology. The proposed changes are regarded as an intermediate step in the process of producing a fully adapted instrument that can serve as a formal support for priority setting of new health technologies for assessment in the Danish HSS.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2004

Health services and health care economics: the health psychology marketplace.

In an effort toward cost containment, the health care system in the United States has undergone radical changes in the last decade. These changes have influenced the delivery of clinical health psychology services. This article reviews several economic and marketing factors salient to the clinical health psychology marketplace. For example, these economic changes have placed greater emphasis on the need for cost-effectiveness and accountability in the health psychology field. Implications for education and training, collaboration with other health care specialties, new practice initiatives, and public relations are reviewed. Future challenges and opportunities for clinical health psychology are discussed.

Behavioral Medicine↗

PubMed1996

Is the short form 36 (SF-36) suitable for routine health outcomes assessment in health care for older people? Evidence from preliminary work in community based health services in England.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the short form 36 (SF-36) health status measure when used to assess older people's views of the outcome of community based health care. DESIGN: Completion of a structured questionnaire, before and after intervention alongside in-depth interviews with a subsample of the interviewees. SETTING: Community based continence and mental health services in two health authorities in the North West Health Region. PATIENTS: Forty seven older people newly referred to mental health services or continence services between December 1992 and April 1993 participated. MAIN RESULTS: The SF-36 showed minimal change over time for both patient groups. The more detailed in-depth interviews showed that people experienced positive changes and derived value from contact with services in a number of important ways. For many reasons these benefits were not reflected in their SF-36 scores. CONCLUSIONS: The SF-36 is not likely to be the "measure of choice" for this type of evaluation, particularly where it involves older patient groups who have high levels of comorbidity. The content of the SF-36 and its lack of detail for individual assessment of change means it masks rather than illuminates patients' views of outcome.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Health policy perception and health behaviours: a multilevel analysis and implications for public health psychology.

Associations of health policy perception with health behaviours are analysed. Policy perception is differentiated in information about programmes and appraisal of health policy's contribution to policy goals, and conceptualized on the level of: (1) individuals; and (2) populations (as a social climate indicator). Survey data from the Biomed2-Project MAREPS gathered in Belgium, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland (N= 3343) show that at the individual level, only policy information is associated with utilizing mammography, quitting smoking, physical activity and political participation in creating healthy environments. In contrast, multilevel regression analyses show that policy appraisal is related to physical activity and political participation as a social climate factor. Implications for integrating health psychology and public health within public health psychology are discussed.

Behavioral Medicine↗

PubMed2002

Internet use among people living with HIV/AIDS: association of health information, health behaviors, and health status.

The telecommunications revolution provides open access to health information that can inform and empower people living with chronic illnesses. However, many people living with HIV may not access the Internet and are not benefiting from available health information. This study investigated Internet access among people living with HIV/AIDS and its relation to health. Results of a survey of men (n = 175) and women (n = 84) living with HIV/AIDS recruited from infectious disease clinics and community-based AIDS services showed that 51% (n = 116) of participants reported ever using the Internet, of which 59% (n = 68) had used the Internet to access health-related information. As expected, Internet users were significantly more likely to be better educated and of higher incomes. Internet users, including those who used the Internet for general purposes and those who reported health-related use, also demonstrated significantly greater knowledge of HIV disease and greater confidence in their ability to adhere to medications. Persons who used the Internet for general purposes were more likely to have an undetectable viral load compared to persons who had not used the Internet. The disparities in Internet use identified in this study suggest that individuals who access the Internet, particularly for health information, are among the better resourced and healthier persons living with HIV/AIDS.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Model for coordination of community health services and health and welfare services offered by health insurance societies].

The purpose of this paper is to provide information for the development of health and welfare services being offered by health insurance societies (HIS). We analyzed examples of coordinated activities by HISs, the organizations under them (affiliated groups), and regional community self-regulating groups (communities), looking for the shape and direction such coordinated activities should take in the future. We chose 6 cases from public information available from August, 2000 to January, 2001 and visited the parties involved to conduct follow up surveys on the nature of their coordinated activities. Based on a survey conducted by the National Federation of Health Insurance Societies in March, 1999 (Survey of the Current Status of Health and Welfare Services), 36 HISs that were thought likely to be acting in coordination with the community were mailed questionnaires. Of these HISs, 7 that were found to actually be carrying out such coordinated activities were contacted in a telephone survey. We categorized the form and direction of coordinated activities into the following 5 category types: individualized, shared use of facilities, human exchange, shared health management information, and general coordination. The personnel, facilities and institutional capabilities of the affiliated groups are important resources for HISs to carry out health and welfare services, both in general and for coordinated services in the community. In areas where affiliated groups are lacking in resources, communities and other agencies have to actively seek out and make use of external resources. The coordination of services by affiliated groups and the community allows both to make the best use of the capabilities each has and effectively enables them to mutually compensate for their weak points.

Community Health Services↗

PubMed2004

[The effects of an elderly health promotion program on health promotion lifestyles, health status and quality of life in the elderly].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of an elderly health promotion program on health promotion lifestyles, health status, and quality of life in the elderly. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre post experimental design. Thirty two elderly persons were in the experimental group and the other thirty two elderly were in the control group. A 16 week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. The measurement tools were HPLP II, grip strength, back lift strength, flexibility, body fat percentile, blood sugar, serum cholesterol, and quality of life. RESULT: The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting lifestyles, flexibility, grip strength, back lift strength, and quality of life. There were no differences in body fat percentiles, blood sugar and serum cholesterol between the experimental and control group. CONCLUSION: This health promotion program for elderly can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for elderly in a community.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

[Health personnel and dental health. Visits to the dentist and attitudes to dental care in a group of health personnel].

Studies among Norwegian institutionalized persons have shown an extensive unmet need for dental treatment and a potential demand for preventive dentistry among young and middle-aged institutionalized personnel. The purpose of the present study was to gain information concerning the dental habits of the health personnel working in an institution, since there is reason to believe that the attitudes and dental habits of the employees will be of importance by the introduction of preventive dental health programs. A questionnaire was sent to 454 employees at Lier Sykehus, a mental hospital near Oslo. 385 persons answered the questionnaire (response rate 85). 82% of the respondents visited a dentist regularly, most of them twice a year. Many showed interest in getting treatment at the hospital's dental clinic. It is reasonable to suggest that the dental service at hospitals also should include the health personnel. In that case, the employees should pay the usual fees of the Norwegian Public Dental Health System. In conclusion, good dental care habits of the hospital employees will presumably affect dental health behavior of the handicapped, and thus make our goal--a better dental health for institutionalized persons--easier to achieve.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion practice and public health: challenge for the 1990s. Heart Health Think Tank Group.

The issue of practice skills arose in the course of a process evaluation of the Heart Smart North Shore (HSNS) project in British Columbia. We created a Think Tank of researchers and community practitioners to make recommendations for improvement of our skills. These recommendations differed according to different values for health and opinions on how to create health in the community. Because the site reviewers of the HSNS project were clear this was a disease prevention project and not a community development initiative, HSNS's orientation to skill development after the Think Tank moved toward the Precede/Proceed model, the Transtheoretical model and social marketing approaches. The Health Unit has now been restructured into multidisciplinary service teams which must focus on population health, evidence-based practice and the social determinants of health, and thus need to consider health promotion from a community development perspective and empowerment model. We suggest that learning and the development of staff and community volunteers should be seen as a continuous and reflective process that takes place at the individual, community and organizational level.

British Columbia↗

PubMed2002

Improving the health of future generations: the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health.

In the past and in the present, research studies and media reports have focused on pathology and dysfunction in aboriginal communities and have often failed to present a true and complete picture of the aboriginal experience. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health is a national strategic research initiative led by both the aboriginal and research communities. This initiative aims to improve aboriginal health information, develop research capacity, better translate research into practice, and inform public health policy with the goal of improving the health of indigenous peoples.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed1999

Prevention & women's health: making the health care system more responsive to women. Grantmakers In Health.

This report is the first in a series of programs made possible by a grant to Grantmakers In Health (GIH) from The Commonwealth Fund to bring grantmakers together with experts in policy, practice, and research to exchange information and ideas about key health issues facing the nation. On May 10, 1999, GIH convened a small group of grantmakers along with experts in community health, research, and government for an Issue Dialogue on prevention and women's health. Intended to both share lessons learned and stimulate new ideas, the Issue Dialogue proved to be a lively and insightful forum on the challenges and opportunities in funding projects in this area. This Issue Brief brings together key points from the day's discussion with factual information on women's health and grantmaker activities drawn from a background paper prepared for Dialogue participants.

Community-Institutional Relations↗