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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Child abuse and neglect on Oahu, Hawaii: description and analysis of four purported risk factors.

Four factors are commonly considered to indicate "high risk" for child abuse/neglect: (1) low birth weight, (2) young maternal age, (3) mother with single marital status, and (4) low socioeconomic status (SES). These factors were investigated for Oahu, Hawaii, in four separate retrospective studies (using 100 abused cases and 100 controls), to evaluate their usefulness for screening at delivery. Data were obtained from a sample of 2,036 confirmed cases, during the period from 1977 to 1979. Contrary to many studies from mainland United States, low birth weight and single marital status were not associated with increased risk of child abuse/neglect. Single marital status in Hawaii may not be associated with increased risk because it does not have the same social and cultural connotations as it does on the mainland United States. This observation suggests a need to consider regional and cultural variations in investigating and screening for child abuse/neglect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cancer mortality in a cohort of naval shipyard workers in Hawaii: early findings.

A retrospective cohort study was performed in Hawaii among 4,779 male shipyard workers exposed to asbestos and 2,757 similar male workers without known asbestos exposure. Observed deaths from cancer and other causes in the 2 groups were compared with expected deaths on the basis of the general population of Hawaii by the use of a modified life-table method of analysis. A risk ratio for lung cancer of 1.7 was found for the exposed group after 20 or more years of follow-up. No increased risk for lung cancer was seen in the nonexposed group. These findings could not be attributed to differences in smoking habits in the 2 shipyard groups or between the shipyard groups and the general population. Because the maximum duration of follow-up for this analysis was 24 years, greater risks for lung cancer may be seen in the exposed group when the follow-up period is extended.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1981

Dietary fat intake and cancer incidence among five ethnic groups in Hawaii.

Average daily intakes of several components of fat in the diets of the five main ethnic groups in Hawaii were determined from personal interviews of 4137 subjects regarding their food consumption in a usual week. In general, fat intake was highest among Caucasians and lowest among Filipinos. Cholesterol intake did not follow the same pattern as that of the other fat components. The intake of total fat showed good correlation with the ethnic-specific incidence rates of breast cancer in Hawaii but not with colon or prostate cancer rates. There was no correlation of cholesterol intake with colon cancer incidence.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pre-participation examination: a new form for Hawaii.

A recent study examining the adequacy of the existing pre-participation physical examination (PPE) form in the State of Hawaii suggested that the form be modified and expanded. The standards for a comprehensive PPE indicate that the screening should include an extensive medical history, assessment of height, weight, blood pressure, pulses, vision, cardiopulmonary (heart, and lungs), maturation, skin, abdominal, genitalia, and musculoskeletal function. Pursuant to the recommendation of this recent study and the accepted standards of the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine, and the American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine, the PPE form utilized by the Hawaii High School Athletic Association has been drastically modified. The new form includes an expanded medical history, a maturational assessment (Tanner Stage), a complete musculoskeletal examination, and a participation clearance and recommendation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Information needs of rural health care practitioners in Hawaii.

Rural health care workers need a wide range of specialized information but have difficulties locating and accessing information resources. The information needs of Hawaii's rural health care practitioners and their methods of accessing information were studied through interviews and mailed questionnaires. The following barriers to information access were identified: lack of funds, inadequate hardware, infrastructure problems, and insufficient knowledge about information sources and how to use them. Although many (85%) reported having computers, only a minority (30%) have modems, and even fewer use online resources or the free electronic databases at public and university libraries. Most reported that journal articles were the information source that best met their needs and that personal files or a colleague's collection were the most common places for accessing needed materials. Recommendations for solving some of the information problems include development of a State of Hawaii rural health information clearinghouse; better identification, training, and use of available services; and, most importantly, the establishment of rural health care information agents (modeled on agriculture extension agents) on each major island.

Hawaii↗
PubMed1994

Pancreas transplantation for diabetic patients in Hawaii.

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease affecting a large population in Hawaii. Over the past 20 years, pancreas transplantation has evolved into a viable therapeutic option for selected patients with diabetes mellitus. This report describes the first combined pancreas-kidney transplant performed in Hawaii on June 28, 1993 on a patient with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. The patient has remained off insulin and off dialysis since the transplant. The history, indications, techniques, and potential complications related to this procedure are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Omega-3 fatty acids in Hawaii seafood.

Omega-3 fatty acids, the most potent of which are found in seafood, are of interest because of their effects on cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases and their possible effects on cancer. However, consumers in Hawaii wishing to increase their dietary omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid ratio are faced with the difficulty that several types of seafood popular in Hawaii and aquacultured seafood new in the marketplace have unknown omega-3 fatty acid levels. The purpose of this work is to determine omega-3 fatty acid levels of selected seafood and fish oil capsules. Several seafoods and some over-the-counter fish oil capsules were sampled and analyzed. Aku eggs, aquacultured hamachi (yellowtail jack from Japan), one sample of turbot, and EPA Plus, Promega, and Omega-3 Super EPA capsules were found to contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Levels were comparable to those in the fatty fishes such as salmon and mackerel. Butterfish, mahimahi eggs; other fish oil capsules (ProEPA and Omega 3) contained moderate levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Fish cakes, seaweed, several lean fishes, and cod liver oil capsules had small quantities of omega-3 fatty acids. It appeared that the omega-3 fatty acid content of aquacultured species studied was significantly higher than in wild caught species. There was a substantial difference between claimed and actual omega-3 fatty acid levels in commercially available fish oil capsules. These findings can help consumers when selecting types of seafood for their diet that are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Fatty Acids, Omega-3↗
PubMed1994

Psychological response to disaster: implications for Hawaii.

Given the frequency of natural disasters in Hawaii, it is important for practitioners to be aware of the numerous resulting psychological responses and risk factors, especially those unique to Hawaii. Practical guidelines are presented for practitioners, both in providing leadership during the disaster and in screening for psychopathology thereafter.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1993

Blood lead levels among children in Hawaii.

The objectives of this study were to estimate blood lead levels of children under 6 years of age in the State of Hawaii, to identify high-risk populations, and to decide what kind of blood lead screening program is needed in Hawaii. Children from Oahu and Maui were recruited in medical care facilities and 6 preschools. Informed consent for a blood lead test was obtained from the parents. A questionnaire was administered whenever possible; participation/response rates were quite low, varying between 15% and 50%. The mean blood lead level for the 389 study participants was 4.5 micrograms/dL. Twelve children (3% of children tested) had a level above 9 micrograms/dL. No child was found to have a level above 14 micrograms/dL. Blood lead levels varied by age, geographic area, occupational factors, laboratory that performed the analysis, and type of phlebotomy (capillary versus venous) but not by sex, ethnicity or age of home. Follow-up investigations in the 12 homes of the children with levels above 9/lg/dL were performed and in 3 homes a possible source of lead exposure was found.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histopathological predictors of breast cancer death among Caucasians and Japanese in Hawaii.

In the United States, Caucasian women are at higher risk of death from breast cancer than age-matched Japanese-Americans. The tumors of Japanese-Americans exhibit a greater uniformity of nuclear grade (NG), greater degrees of intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration (LI), and more conspicuous sinus histiocytosis (SH) in the regional lymph nodes. To assess the impact of histopathology upon the ethnic disparity in breast cancer mortality, we compared the survival experience of Japanese and Caucasian women with breast cancer in Hawaii. The study group consisted of 443 women, aged 45-74, whose cancers were diagnosed between 1975 and 1980. Survival status at 9 or more years after diagnosis, known for 416 of these women, was used in the analyses. Age and tumor stage at diagnosis were significant predictors of breast cancer death in the logistic regression analysis. When histopathological predictor variables (NG, LI, and SH) were included in the model, age, stage, NG, and LI were independently predictive. Although NG predicted stage among all patients, and SH predicted stage among the women with invasive disease, race was an independent predictor breast cancer stage in multivariate analyses. Finally, analysis within stage subgroups revealed that race was independently predictive of cancer death among women with localized disease (confined to the breast) but not among women with regional spread (local extension or axillary nodes involves). These results indicate that histopathological differences contribute to, but only partially explain, the disparity in breast cancer mortality between Caucasians and Japanese in Hawaii.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Birth outcomes of Korean women in Hawaii.

Since the end of the Korean War, immigration of Koreans to the United States has increased rapidly. In 1990, 11.6 percent of all Asians in the United States were of Korean ethnicity, and it is projected that Koreans will outnumber all other Asian groups, except Filipinos, in the United States by the year 2030. Despite the growing size of this population, very little is known about their health status. This study, using 1979-89 Hawaii vital record data, investigates the relationship between maternal sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal care utilization factors, and birth outcomes among Koreans as compared with Caucasians. The ethnic term "Caucasian" is used in Hawaii's vital records and is synonymous with non-Hispanic whites. Korean mothers were more likely to be older and have lower educational attainment, and less likely to be adolescent, single, or to have received adequate prenatal care than Caucasian mothers. More than 80 percent of the Korean mothers were foreign born. Significantly higher risks for very preterm delivery (less than 33 weeks) and very low birth weight births were observed for Koreans as compared with Caucasians. Nativity had no effect on birth outcome in this population. The results of this study suggest that prevention of preterm birth is an important focus for improving pregnancy outcomes in this growing ethnic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Survey of Hawaii physicians' attitudes on health care reform.

Hawaii is more important in health care that its size suggests. It is the first state in the U.S. to have mandated employer-funded health insurance for all workers, and to realize near universal coverage for residents. Because of that, the U.S. can benefit from the experience of those who deliver health services to the people of Hawaii. To determine some of the problems in the current system and what physicians see as solutions, a study of the attitudes and experiences of local physicians was conducted.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Haemoproteus iwa n. sp. in great frigatebirds (Fregata minor [Gmelin]) from Hawaii: parasite morphology and prevalence.

We describe a new species of Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890 from great frigatebirds (Fregata minor [Gmelin]) captured on Tern Island-French Frigate Shoals and Laysan Island in Hawaii. Parasite prevalence on Laysan Island (35%) was not significantly different than that of Tern Island (36%). On Laysan, prevalence was highest in juveniles (52%), followed by adult males (29%) and adult females (19%). Prevalence on Tern was 36% both for adult females and juveniles, and 28% for adult males. Parasitemia was low (mean < 2 parasites/10, 000 red blood cell). Parasitized red cells had significantly greater areas than unparasitized cells. We named this parasite Haemoproteus iwa after the Hawaiian name for frigatebirds (iwa). This is the first documentation of a hemoparasite from tropical pelagic seabirds in Hawaii and the first description of an endemic hemoparasite in the archipelago.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

PPD skin reactivity and anergy in HIV-infected patients in Hawaii.

This study was a prospective screening study for PPD and anergy skin test reactivity in 304 HIV-positive individuals. A PPD positivity rate of 4.1% and an anergy rate of 50.5% were observed. The Hawaii HIV population has a relatively low prevalence of latent TB compared with the high prevalence of TB in the Hawaii population at large.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Emergency department visits and hospitalizations for respiratory disease on the island of Hawaii, 1981 to 1991.

This study examined trends in and patterns of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for respiratory disease on the island of Hawaii from 1981 to 1991. We found that emergency department visit rates and hospitalization rates for both asthma and COPD for 1987 to 1991 increased in all regions of the island in comparison with such rates for 1981 to 1986. Rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, but not asthma, were significantly higher in the high-exposure Kona side of the island than in the intermittent-exposure Hilo side of the island during 1983 and 1988 to 1990. We also found that during the weeks that winds were from the west, blowing volcanic air pollution toward Hilo, emergency department visits for asthma increased 15%. Some of the results of our study support the hypothesis that volcanic air pollution affects respiratory health on the island of Hawaii, while other results do not. Any future studies should include measurements of air pollutant levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The birth of the RCMI Clinical Research Center is a joint venture of the University of Hawaii and Kapiolani Health.

Hawaii established a Clinical Research Center with collaboration from the University of Hawaii Pacific Biomedical Research Center, the John A. Burns School of Medicine and Kapiolani Health via a five year award from the Research Centers in Minority Institutions of the National Institutes of Health. Support offered includes consultative services for protocol design; epidemiological and biostatistical analysis; design of study forms; and data and specimen collection and analysis.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1997

"Honeymoon psychosis" in Japanese tourists to Hawaii.

Although Japanese tourists in Hawaii are infrequently treated for acute psychiatric emergencies, we observed several cases among Japanese honeymooners. To investigate this phenomenon, we retrospectively and prospectively collected such cases of honeymooners. Sixteen cases of acute psychiatric disturbance in Japanese honeymooners in Hawaii are described. This phenomenon occurs more frequently than in other Japanese tourists or non-Japanese honeymooners. The tradition of arranged marriage and other cultural factors may be associated with the potential for "honeymoon psychosis."

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

The association of Helicobacter pylori with intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma in a Hawaii population.

American-Japanese in Hawaii with gastric cancer have characteristics intermediate to those in Japan and the mainland United States. Japanese and mainland U.S. studies have found Helicobacter pylori is associated with intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma. The present Hawaii study confirmed this association which is independent of Japanese race (27.6% intestinal type and 4.5% diffuse type were H. pylori positive, p = 0.031, n = 80).

Adenocarcinoma↗