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PubMed2002

Self-induced versus reactive triggering of synchronous movements in a deafferented patient and control subjects.

The present study investigates the contribution of tactile-kinesthetic information to the timing of movements. The relative timing of simultaneous tapping movements of finger and foot (hand-foot asynchrony) was examined in a simple reaction time task and in discrete self-initiated taps (Experiment 1), and in externally triggered synchronization tapping (Experiment 2). We compared the performance of a deafferented participant (IW) to the performance of two control groups of different ages. The pattern of results in control groups replicates previous findings: Whereas positive hand-foot asynchronies (hand precedes foot) are observed in a simultaneous reaction to an auditory stimulus, hand-foot asynchronies are negative with discrete self-initiated as well as auditorily paced sequences of synchronized finger and foot taps. In the first case, results are explained by a simultaneous triggering of motor commands. In contrast, self-initiated and auditorily paced movements are assumed to be controlled in terms of their afferent consequences, as provided by tactile-kinesthetic information. The performance of the deafferented participant differed from that of healthy participants in some aspects. As expected on the basis of unaffected motor functions, the participant was able to generate finger and foot movements in reaction to an external signal. In spite of the lack of movement-contingent sensory feedback, the deafferented participant showed comparable timing errors in self-initiated and regularly paced tapping as observed in control participants. However, in discrete self-initiated taps IW's hand-foot asynchronies were considerably larger than in control participants, while performance did not differ from that of controls in continuous movement generation. These findings are discussed in terms of an internal generation of the movement's sensory consequences (forward-modeling).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effects of concurrent vocalization on foot and hand motor performance: a test of the functional distance hypothesis.

The effects of concurrent vocalization on hand and foot motor performance were examined in two dual-task experiments as a test of the functional distance hypothesis. No interference effects were found with either hand or foot tapping under two difficulty levels of verbal activity. There was no evidence of differential or asymmetrical interference patterns despite the differential functional and anatomical distances of these motor centers from the speech centers. Consequently, the data provided no support for the functional distance hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

An open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of hand and/or foot eczema.

BACKGROUND: Hand and foot eczema is a chronic skin disorder. Although topical corticosteroids are often used to control the predominant symptoms of the disease, the chronicity of the condition increases the risk of long-term adverse effects. A safer alternative is needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in hand and/or foot eczema. METHODS: Twenty-five adults applied tacrolimus ointment 0.1% to affected areas three times daily for 8 weeks and were followed for 2 additional weeks. RESULTS: Except for vesiculation, compared with baseline there were significant improvements in erythema, scaling, induration, fissuring, composite severity, and pruritus (p<0.007). Two weeks after discontinuing treatment, significant improvement in scaling and composite severity (p<0.03) persisted, whereas erythema, induration, vesiculation, fissuring, and pruritus had returned to pre-treatment levels. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% is a promising corticosteroid alternative for hand/foot eczema.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of prostaglandin E1 on temperature gradients between hand and foot during epidural anesthesia].

We studied the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on hand-foot temperature gradients (foot temperature-hand temperature) induced by lumbar epidural anesthesia. Thirty-six ASA class 1 patients undergoing rotatory acetabular osteotomy were randomly assigned to receive 0 gamma (n = 13), 0.005 gamma (n = 10) and 0.02 gamma (n = 13) of PGE1. Thermometric probes were placed on the palm and sole of each patient. Bladder temperature was also monitored to evaluate the change of core temperature. Epidural catheter was indwelled at the level between L2 and L3 prior to induction and 2 % lidocaine was administered epidurally. All patients were warmed by water blanket at 37 degrees C and fluids for infusion warmed at 37 degrees C. Humidity and moisture exchanger was placed in breathing circuit. Hand-foot temperature gradients of patients given 0 and 0.005 gamma of PGE1 increased to 2.8 +/- 1.5 and 2.3 +/- 2.3 degrees C at extubation, respectively. In contrast, temperature gradient of patients given 0.02 gamma of PGE1 was 0.0 +/- 1.8 degrees C (P < 0.01). There was no difference among the values of bladder temperature in each group. The effects of PGE1 on mean arterial pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure were minimal. These data suggest that 0.02 gamma of PGE1 administration is effective to reduce hand-foot temperature gradient during epidural anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Foot and hand area mu rhythms.

Spontaneous EEG can display spatio-temporal patterns of desynchronized or synchronized alpha band activity. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of rhythms within alpha and lower beta bands is characteristic of activated cortical areas ready to process information or to prepare a movement, while event-related synchronization (ERS) in the same frequency bands can be seen as an electrophysiological correlate of resting or idling cortical areas. EEG was investigated over primary sensorimotor and premotor areas during discrete hand and foot movements. ERD was found over the primary hand area during finger movement and over the primary foot area during toe movement. The former was observed in every subject, the latter was more difficult to find. From these results it can be speculated that each primary sensorimotor area has its own intrinsic rhythm, which becomes desynchronized when the corresponding area is activated. ERS, in the form of an enhanced mu rhythm on electrodes overlying the primary hand area, was observed not only during visual processing but also during foot movement. In both cases, the hand area is not needed to perform a task and, therefore, can be considered to be in an idling state. The supplementary motor area (SMA) also plays an important role in preparation and planning of movement. It is demonstrated that this area also displays rhythmic activity within the alpha band, that is both linearly and non-linearly phase coupled to the intrinsic (mu) rhythm of the primary hand area. With planning and preparation of movement, this SMA rhythm is desynchronized and also the degree of coupling between the two areas decreases.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hand and foot infections in children].

Hand and Foot anatomic and physiologic characteristics make the infections, located there, acquire specific aspects. Seventy seven in-patients admitted and/or with follow-up at the out-patient clinic of Dona Estefãnia Hospital with Hand (25) and Foot (52) infections, were reviewed during the period between January 1991 and January 1994. We treated, out-patients with paronychia (7 of the hand and 42 of the foot), one patient with hand pulpitis, and one with dorsum hand cellulitis. The remaining 16 with hand infection (64%) and 15 with foot infection (29%) were being treated with splint in the position of rest, elevation of the affected limb and endovenous antibiotic therapy. In all abscess cases, surgical drainage was conducted, 16 the of hand and 22 of the foot. There were no sequels in hand infection. In foot infection there was one osteitis of the first metatarsus and a cutaneous fistula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of foot and hand reaction times among men: a methodologic study using simple and multiple-choice repeated measurements.

The primary study goal was to compare visual simple and choice reaction times of the hand and foot to assess validity of measurements for evaluating subjects' ability to perform rapid, controlled movements. First, we examined the repeatability (N = 34) for four different data-sampling methods from a series of 12 trials within sessions and between two test sessions. Simple and choice reaction times with the preferred hand and both feet were then compared among 153 healthy male volunteers aged 35 to 67 years. Pearson correlations for hand and ipsilateral and contralateral foot reaction times on simple and choice tasks (.53 to .80, p < .001) showed that psychomotor foot reaction time is a valid method for study of neuromuscular control of lower extremities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Associations between hand and foot preference in 3- to 5-year-olds.

Associations between foot and hand preference behavior were examined in 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds. Analysis of the general trichotomous (right, left, mixed) distribution of preferences indicated no sex or age group differences, while noting that 39% were mixed-footed compared to 17% not favoring one hand over the other. Frequency of paired (congruent and cross-lateral) preferences revealed that two patterns, Right-hand/Right-foot (52%) and Right-hand/Mixed-foot (23%) accounted for the vast majority (75%) of subjects. Of the total number of right-handers, most (67%) preferred the right foot, while only 19% of the left-handers were congruent. Thus, supporting findings reported on older populations that right-handers are more consistently right-footed, than left-handers are left-footed. Behavior of the mixed- and right-handed sample was similar, suggesting an overall predominance of these lateral characteristics in young children.

Child Development↗
PubMed1986

Functional evaluation of the hand and foot after one-stage toe-to-hand transfer.

Twenty toe-to-hand transfers in 17 patients with an average follow-up of 54 months have been reviewed to quantify hand function and donor morbidity. Eleven toe-to-thumb and nine toe-to-finger procedures were performed. Surgical and follow-up data were available for all patients. Twelve patients (14 procedures) were reviewed in detail, with particular attention given to foot and hand function. Total active motion after toe-to-thumb transfer was 48 degrees and 106 degrees after toe-to-finger transfer. Two-point discrimination was less than or equal to 15 mm in 13 digits (65%). Grip and pinch power were related to the number of digits present on the reconstructed hand and to the presence or absence of functioning thenar muscles. Eleven of 12 patients can walk and run normally (mean of 5 years after surgery). Six (50%) cannot wear thongs or heavy boots, but all can wear normal shoes. The transferred great toe decreased in volume by an average of 10% over the years since the operation. Transferred toes became useful digits in the hand, and foot morbidity was minor and not progressive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between reaction times and hand and foot laterality in the slightly mentally handicapped.

The study was carried out on 16 normal children and 16 slightly mentally handicapped children aged 9 years and 10 months. We studied: simple reaction time and simple and complex choice reaction time for the hand and foot. Hand and foot lateralities were determined using six tests. This study enabled us to show different elements: Hand and foot laterality is less often confirmed among the handicapped children. For both groups the fastest hand and foot simple reaction times do not indicate the preferred limb. The possibility of choice in the case of the hand considerably delays the reaction times for the handicapped children. This tendency is not confirmed in the case of choice reaction times for the foot, where the handicapped children are not significantly slower than the normal children, in a choice situation. If the choice situation becomes complicated the handicapped children are slower than the normal children. With the normal children simple reaction times are slower for the foot than for the hand. However, the handicapped children do not show a significant difference between hand and foot reaction times. We put forward the theory that this fact could be explained by the different form of the motor response. Handicapped children have greater difficulty in integrating precision and speed of movement, factors which occur in the movement of the hand reaction time but not in the movement of the foot reaction time.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Limited joint mobility in selected hand and foot joints in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a methodology comparison.

OBJECTIVES: First to determine the range of motion (ROM) of selected foot and hand joints with a goniometer, 2.) to determine joint limitation by prayer sign and 3.) to compare both methods used. METHODS: Maximal active ROM was measured by goniometry (Method 1) in 50 patients with Type 1 diabetes and in 44 healthy controls, respectively. The lower limits for normal ranges were defined as mean minus 2 SD. To elicit the prayer sign (Method 2) subjects were asked to put their hands together in a praying position with the fingers fanned. The number of missing joint contacts between the fingers was counted and correlated to ROM. RESULTS: The ROM of all joints measured, except that of the thumb, was significantly smaller in diabetic patients than in control subjects. The degree of the prayer sign was well correlated to the ROM of most hand joints, but was solely correlated in feet to ankle ROM. In diabetic patients the prevalence of limited joint mobility (LJM) measured by goniometry ranged from 2 to 20% in hand joints and from 10 to 14% in foot joints. By the prayer sign 33% of the diabetic patients had LJM. CONCLUSION: With both methods, diabetic patients had more limitations in joint motion than control subjects, as was their prevalence of LJM higher. Since the prayer sign was correlated to exactly measured ROMs, we would suggest using the prayer sign as a simple clinical indicator for LJM in diabetic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Estimation of gestational age from hand and foot length.

Abortion, foeticide and infanticide have been practised from time immemorial by both primitive and civilized societies. Establishing the precise duration of gestation is an important point in the total medical evidentiary picture of infanticide. In this study, an attempt has been made to establish the gestational age of the foetus using foot and hand length. This study will be of help in establishing the gestational age when the foetus is fragmented. Results obtained were significant in establishing the gestational age.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed2006

Successful treatment of hand and foot psoriasis with efalizumab therapy.

Hand and foot psoriasis can appear in a plaque-type or pustular-type form. Any form of psoriasis that occurs on the hands and feet can have a debilitating effect on the patient's daily functions. Here we present a case series of patients with plaqueor pustular-type hand and foot psoriasis whose conditions were successfully managed with the biologic agent efalizumab. In many of these patients, the disease was refractory to multiple systemic psoriasis treatments. Treatment with efalizumab was effective and well-tolerated, with few adverse events. Many of the patients described here reported an improvement in both their physical functioning and health-related quality of life. The efficacy of efalizumab in treating these cases of hand and foot psoriasis suggests that it may provide therapeutic benefit.

Adult↗