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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Rethinking the socioeconomics and geography of tuberculosis among foreign-born residents of New Jersey, 1994-1999.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the socioeconomic profile of foreign-born tuberculosis patients in New Jersey. METHODS: Foreign- and US-born tuberculosis patients in 1994-1999 were compared using various measures of socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Out of 4295 tuberculosis patients, 2005 (47%) were foreign-born. Foreign-born patients resided in more affluent, more educated, and less crowded areas than did US-born patients (P <.005). They were also more likely to have been employed during the 2 years before diagnosis (62% vs 41%, P <.001). Private physicians treated the majority of South Asian-born patients. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial numbers of employed foreign-born tuberculosis patients now reside in affluent New Jersey locations. Changes in tuberculosis control programs may be required when the socioeconomic status and place of residence of foreign-born populations diverge from traditional assumptions linking poverty with tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Estimation of the population density and its significance in gene geography].

A factor of the association between gene geographical data and populations of the mapped region was analyzed. This allowed for correction of the equations for the major statistical parameters of gene geographical maps (mean, variance, etc.) and gene geographical methods of estimating the spatial nonstationarity of data within a mapped region. The proposed approach is based on the use of the population density in a mapped region as a factor reflecting the anisotropy of the geographical space. The population density of the North Eurasian indigenous populations was mapped, and the application of the resulting map was illustrated with an example.

Anisotropy↗
PubMed2000

[Genogeographic analysis of a subdivided population. II. Geography of random inbreeding (from frequency of surnames in Adygs)].

An important characteristic of the genetic structure of populations, random inbreeding (interpopulation variation), was evaluated on the basis of quasi-genetic markers (surnames). The following methodological issues are considered: estimation of random inbreeding using the coefficient of isonymy fr in a subdivided population; a comparison of inbreeding levels calculated on the basis of surname frequencies using fr and Wright's FST; a comparison of inbreeding estimates obtained on the basis of surnames and genetic markers; inbreeding variation in populations of the same hierarchical rank; and planning of genetic studies of a subdivided population. The population of Adygs (an indigenous ethnic group of Northern Caucasus) was examined as a model subdivided population. The population system of Adygs is hierarchical. Parameters of random inbreeding were examined at each level of the system "ethnic group==>tribe==>geographic group of auls==>aul." Frequencies of surnames were collected subtotally. Data on frequencies of 1340 surnames in 61 auls representing all Adyg tribes were analyzed. In total, 60,000 people were examined. The inbreeding estimates obtained on the basis of Wright's FST and the coefficient of isonymy fr virtually coincided: for Adygs in general, FST x 10(2) = 2.13 and fr x 10(2) = 2.09. At the same time, the inbreeding level exhibited marked differences among tribes: in Shapsugs, these differences were an order of magnitude higher than in Kabardins (fr x 10(2) = 2.53 and 0.25, respectively). The inbreeding estimates for auls differed by two orders of magnitudes: fr x 10(2) = 0.07 and fr x 10(2) = 7.88. An analysis of ten auls yielded fully coinciding inbreeding estimates based on quasi-genetic (fr x 10(2) = 0.60) and classical (FST x 10(2) = 0.69) gene markers. Computer maps of surname distributions in Adygs (1340 maps) were constructed for the first time ever. Based on these maps, the map of random inbreeding in the Adyg population was obtained.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed2001

[Geography of the stationary gene migration rate among the population of Northern Eurasia].

Approximation of the empirical distribution of gene frequencies by a theoretical steady-state distribution was used to obtain a geographical distribution of the limiting gene migration rates in the northern Eurasian population. The rate averaged over the map was m = 0.0432 +/- 0.0003. A geographical map of chi 2 values, which reflect the local nonstationarity character of genetic processes and intensity of selection on the distribution of gene frequencies, is presented. Over 90.1% of northern Eurasia, the chi 2 values satisfy the goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of alpha = 0.1. The geographical distribution that characterizes the ratio between the stepping-stone and island properties of the population migration structure has been obtained. Combined analysis of the spatial characteristics of population migration structure demonstrated that the Pacific coast of Eurasia has played a special role in population genetic processes. This is most likely related to populating the Far East by humans in the remote past and, probably, their more recent expansion to North America through Beringia. The Caucasian region is shown to be extremely stable in terms of the stationarity of migration processes, which agrees with the general view on traditional Caucasian isolates.

Asia↗